Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of limb remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) on patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: A total of 145 patients with previous history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or cerebral infarction treated regularly by drugs and all the risk factors controlled within the normal range were enrolled. They were diagnosed as multiple extracranial or intracranial stenosis with imaging. They were divided into a limb rIPC group (n = 85) and a control group (n = 60) according to the ratio of 3/2. Both groups were in strict accordance with the medication of U. S. Stroke and transient ischemic attack secondary prevention guidelines 2011 and controlled the risk factors. At the same time, the rIPC group was given limb ischemic preconditioning training, using a dual-arm sphygmomanometer to pressurize both upper limbs to 180-200 mm Hg, maintained for 5 minutes, and deflated and rested for 5 minutes as a cycle. The continuous training was 5 cycles each time, once a day for 6 months. The neurological improvement and re-infarction rate of patients were observed. Thirty-five patients in the rIPC group and 26 in the control group received single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination. The improvement of cerebral blood flow and metabolism was observed. Results: Circled digit oneCompared to the condition before treatment, the neurological deficits were improved in 71 patients (83.5%) in the rIPC group and 40 in the control group after treatment. There was significant difference (P <0.05). Circled digit twoMRI examination showed that 3 patients (3.5%) in the rIPC group and 8 (13.3%) in the control group had recurrent cerebral infarction. There was significant difference (P <0.05). Circled digit threeCompared to the condition before treatment, the SPECT examination showed that cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood flow were improved in 29 patients (82.9%) in the rIPC group and 13 (50.0%) in the control group. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P <0.01). Circled digit fourAfter rIPC, no patients had heart rate, blood pressure changes, and other discomforts. Conclusion: Limb ischemia preconditioning may obviously improve neurological deficits caused by ischemic stroke, improve the cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and prevent the recurrence of cerebral infarction.

Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology ; Subclavian Artery ; abnormalities ; Vascular Diseases ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; Risk Factors

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Sanqi), the underground part of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (Araliaceae) is commonly used in Chinese medicine for treatment of haemorrhage, haemostasis, swelling, etc. The aerial part including leaves, flowers and fruits are also applied for similar functions. Triterpenoid saponins are considered to be responsible for the biological activities of Sanqi. Up to date, more than 100 saponins have been isolated from theroots, rhizomes, leaves, flowers and fruits of P. notoginseng. The reported saponins can be classified into protopanaxadiol (PPD), protopanaxatriol (PPT), C17 side-chain varied and other types, according to the skeletons of the aglycons. The present review summarizes the saponins isolated from P. notoginseng and their distribution in different medicinal organs, as well as the pharmacological actions on cardiovascular system.
Animals ; Cardiovascular System ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; pharmacology

A new flavonone, named as (2R, 3S)-pinobanksin-3-cinnamate(1), together with six known compounds, pinocem-brin (2), pinobanksin (3), 3-O-acetylpinobanksin (4), galangin (5), kumatakenin(6), and 3-methylkaempferol (7), were isolated from a 95% ethanol extract of seeds of Alpinia katsumadai through a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Compound 1 exhibits a potent neuroprotective effect against the corticosterone-damaged PC12 cells, which may be underlying the effect by scavenging intracellular ROS.
Alpinia ; chemistry ; Animals ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cholestenones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cinnamates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; DNA Fragmentation ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Seeds ; chemistry

AIM: To study the role of nitric oxide ( NO ) and γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) in the formation of amblyopia by establishing 2 different types of amblyopic models.METHODS:A total of 18 aged 3-week kittens were randomly divided into monocular deprivation, strabismus and normal groups. All types of amblyopia were developed in the experimental eyes that were detected by P-VEP 12wk later. The cats were killed and the immunocytochemistry staining method were applied to observe under the light microscope the changes of distribution and positive cells areas of NO and GABA across the amblyopic retinal, compared to that from the normal cats of identical age.
RESULTS: The P-VEP showed that the amplitude of wave P1 was lower (P<0. 05) and the P1 latent time was longer ( P<0. 05 ) in two types of amblyopic cats than those in the normal cats. Compared to the normal cats, the NO and GABA positive cells areas were obviously reduced ( P<0. 05 ) across the retina in the amblyopic cats. But no significant difference was found between two kinds of amblyopic cats.
CONCLUSION:The NO and GABA play an important role in the formation of amblyopia in the level of retinal.

Objective This study is designed to explore the regulation of carboxyamidotriazole(CAI)on inflammatory factors in vitro and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Peritoneal macrophages were incubated with different concentrations(5～40 μmol/L),and then cell viabilities were evaluated by MTT assay.Cells were pretreated with CAI(5～40 μmol/L),LPS was then added,and celia were incubated for 18 h.NO and TNF-α levels were determined with Griess reagent and ELISA kit,respectively.The iNOS expression and NF-κB activation were detected by Western blot method.Results The rat peritoneal macrophage viability was not affected at the concentrations of CAI used.CAI(5～40 μmol/L)was found to reduce NO(P＜0.01,P＜0.001)and TNF-α production(P＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01)in a dose-dependent manner.CAI was also found to inhibit the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and degradation of IκBα in rat peritoneal macrophages.Conclusion The findings from the present study suggest that CAI has suppressive effect on iNOS expression,and this inhibitory effect was found to be associated with NF-κB inactivation via the blockade of IκBα phosphorylation.

Nowadays,oil-pollution of seawater in the world has severely threatened the security of sea entironment.Bioremediation offers one available option for an oil spill response.The aspects as follows are introduced some evolvement of microbial ecology,including new method of survey of microbial diversity without cultivation,new isolated method and the properties of main hydrocarbon degradated strain.But we have little or no understanding of the vast majority of marine bacteria that remain uncultured,and more efforts should be made to improve current methods for isolating oil-degrading or oil-emulsifying bacteria,not only for assessing the fate and effects of the spilled oil,but also for isolating novel bacteria that would be useful for the petroleum industry.

Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Syncope ; diagnosis