Objective An interaction network among PD-1-ligands and other proteins were built to add deeper understanding of PD-1 signal pathway and to supply the theoretical data on the clinical application study of PD-1 and its ligands.Methods Searching the literature about PD-1 and its ligands in the PubMed,the result of which would be used to summarize the proteins that had been reported to have interactions with PD-1 and its ligands,and then,quadratic search would be performed on these proteins.Finally,the software Cytoscape would be used to build and analyze the interaction network and verified by PCR.Results There were 122 and 126 nodes in the PD-1/PD-L1 network and PD-1/PD-L2 network respectively.These proteins were involved in TCR signal path-way,cell adhesion,JAK-STAT signal pathway and interaction between cytokines.Meanwhile,a perspective that PD-L1 may influ-ence on CXCR4 through JAK-STAT pathway based on the network which had been supported by qPCR.Conclusion The bioinfor-matics suggested that there are differences between the mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 and PD-1/PD-L2.Additionally,the method, which was based on the literature mining and bioinformatics,is good to put the biological literature to rational utilization and to pro-vide guidance for experiments.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and the roles of IL-17 and IL-23 in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia. Methods One hundred and three children with pneumonia admitted to pediatric department from February to May in 2012 were divided into MP pneumonia group and non-MP pneumonia group according to the results of MP antibody tests. Meanwhile, 42 healthy children were chosen as normal controls. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-23 and MP antibodies were measured in all children. Immunoglobulin, C reactive protein, total white blood cell count and granulocyte count were detected in children with pneumonia. Results The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were signiifcantly different among three groups (P<0.05). The children in MP pneumonia group had higher levels of IL-17 and IL-23 than those in non-MP pneumonia group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were higher in two pneumonia groups (P<0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in levels of IL-17 and IL-23 between pneumonia patients with normal and with abnormal levels of immunoglobulin (P>0.05), while IL-17 and IL-23 levels were both positively correlated with granulocyte count (P<0.05).Conclusion IL-17 and IL-23 may be involved in the immune response of MP pneumonia and may contribute to the clearance of pathogens.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of intravascular intervention for treating the severe stenosis of bilateral renal arteries (BRASS).Methods A total of 40 patients with BRASS admitted in Fuwai Hospital from September 2008 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients,23 males and 17 females,aged from 21 to 76 years with average age of (59.75 ± 17.59) years,with luminal narrowing over 70％ in bilateral renal arteries,met the criteria of BRASS evidenced by angiography of renal arteries,and were subjected to renal artery interventional therapy. The etiological factors included arteriosclerosis (34 cases),Takayasu arteritis (3 cases) and congenital fibromuscular dysplasia (3 cases).After percutaneous endovascular intervention,the therapeutic effects were evaluated by lowering the systemic blood pressure and serum creatinine level in 12-month follow-up in average after operation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software.ResultsAmong the 80 reual arteries in 40 patients,18 arteries were treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTBA),while the other 62 arteries were treated with percutaneous transluminal renal artery stenting (PTRAS).Mter endovascular intervention,the mean systolic blood pressure decreased from ( 165.0 ± 27.0) mm Hg to ( 135.7 ± 25.3 ) mm Hg on the second day after operation ( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from ( 88.9 ±15.1 ) mm Hg to (74.8 ± 13.2) mm Hg on the second day after operation ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Accordingly,the kinds of anti-hypertension drug used decreased from ( 3.1 ± 0.9 ) to ( 2.3 ± 1.2) ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Only one patient died suddenly 3 months after intervention,and one died of acute myocardial infarction 7 months after operation.The other 38 patients were followed up for 12 months.At last,the mean systolic blood pressure of patients decreased from ( 165.0 ±27.0) mm Hg to ( 133.53 ± 15.94) mm Hg and the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from (88.9 ± 15.1 ) mm Hg to (77.37 ± 13.47 )mm Hg. Of all 38 patients,2 were cured (5.3％),27 were improved (71.1％) and 9 failed to treatment (23.7％).Of all 38 patients,76.4％ got hypertension lowered.Moreover,renal function (Scr) was improved in 2 patients (6.3％ ),steady in 21 patients ( 65.6％ ),declined in 9 patients ( 28.1％ ) resulted in azotemia stage.Of 38 patients,71.9％ patients got overall benefit from endovascular intervention in respect of renal function improved.Conclusions The procedure of PTBA or PTRAS offered a minimally invasive,relatively safe and effective technique for BRASS patients to decrease blood pressure and stabilize renal function.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A ( BTXA) and ethyl alcohol ( EA) in treating lower extremity spasticity after stroke. Methods This was a randomized, case-control study. A to-tal of 92 eligible stroke survivors completed the study. They were randomly divided into a BTXA group of 48 and an EA group of 44 according to a random number table. The gastrocnemius, soleus and posterior tibial muscles of the af-fected limb were chosen as injection sites. The BTXA group was injected with 50 to 200 IU of BTXA ( at 50 U/ml) at one to four sites in each muscle, with a total injection dose of less than 600 U. The EA group was injected with less than 10 ml of 50% EA (0.1 to 0.5 ml at each site). Before and 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the injection, both groups were evaluated using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), a 3 m timed up and go test (TUG), a timed 10 meter walk ( 10m-WT) and each was asked to assess their pain level using a visual analogue scale ( VAS) . Any adverse re-actions were also observed. Results Two weeks after the injection, the average MAS score of both groups had im-proved significantly compared to that before the injection. The average improvement in the BTXA group was signifi-cantly less than in the EA group. No significant differences were found in other measurements. After four weeks the average MAS score of the BTXA group was still significantly different from that before injection or from 2 weeks previ-ously, but the EA group now showed no significant difference from before the injection. The average TUG, 10m-WT and VAS scores of both groups had improved significantly compared to those of the earlier time points. Twelve weeks after the injection, the average MAS, TUG, 10m-WT and VAS scores of the BTXA were still significantly improved compared to before the injection, but in the EA group only the average score VAS reading was significantly improved. There were then significant differences between the two groups in all of the measurements. Conclusions Both BTXA and EA can relieve muscle spasticity. Both take effect within 2 weeks, but the former has fewer side effects than the latter and a longer duration of therapeutic effect.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of Indomethacin for post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.Methods A total of 600 patients,who were undergoing ERCP,were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive anal Indomethacin (n=200),intravenous octreotide (n=200) or no special medication (n=200) before ERCP.The level of serum amylase before and 24h after ERCP were measured,and the rate of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after ERCP were assessed.Results Serum amylase levels before ERCP of all groups were normal.The mean serum amylase level of Indomethacin group (101.3±77.7 U/L) after ERCP was significantly lower than those of octreotide group ( 176.6±138.3 U/L,P =0.040 ]and control group (227.2±264.9 U/L,P=0.048),while there was no difference between octreotide group and control group ( P＞0.05 ).The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in Indomethacin group (2.5％) was significantly lower than that of control group (9.5％,P=0.003),while there was no difference between octreotide group (4.5％) and control group ( P=0.05 ).The incidence of hyperamylasemia after ERCP in Indomethacin group (5.5％) was significantly lower than that of control group ( 13.5％,P=0.006 ),while there was no difference between octreotide group (10.0％) and control group ( P＞0.05 ).Conctusion Anal administration of Indomethacin before ERCP can effectively reduce the incidence of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after ERCP.

[Objective]To investigate the value of degree centrality(DC),a novel resting-state fMRI parameter,in voxel-wise whole-brain functional networks analysis in primary insomnia(PI)after acupuncture therapy.[Methods]The resting state fMRI were performed in 29 PI patients and 22 age,education,and sex-matched normal healthy subjects. Analysis of DC map changes between the two patient groups and the control group were performed by two sample t test.(threshold at P<0.05).[Results]Compared with the control group,patients with PI showed significantly reduced DC value in middle temporal gyrus(MTG. R);hippocampus(HIP. B);parahippocampal gyrus(PHG. R);putamen(PUT. R);cuneus(CUN. L).[Conclusions]Changes of DC value occurred in some region of brain in the PI patient groups when compared with the control group. It was indicated that DC ,as a novel resting-state fMRI parameter in the voxel-wise whole-brain functional networks ,might be an appealing alternative approach for further study on pathologic and neuropsychological states of PI.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in non-stroke population with over 50 years old from Dongcheng District and Shijingshan District of Beijing.Methods A total of 9 524 of non-stroke population with over 50 years old were selected as our subject,which were sampled from Dongcheng District and Shijingshan District of Beijing by using stratified cluster random sampling method.Investigation and physical inventory check were conducted on all subbjects conduct,and the results was statistical analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software.Results Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of all subjects increased with the increasing of BML The prevalence of hypertension of three age groups were significant different between male and female (Z =-50.47,P ＜ 0.001).The prevalence of hypertension in males with 50-59 years old was considerably higher than that of females (x2 =14.74,P ＜0.001).However,the prevalence of hypertension in females with 60-69 years old and ≥70 years old group were higher than that of males (x2 =12.39,P ＜ 0.001 ; x2 =10.36,P =0.001).Overall,the prevalence of hypertension between males and females was no significant (male for 37.9％,female 37.3％,x2 =0.31,P =0.578).BMI increased with the increasing blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension,taking the people with BMI ＜ 18.5 kg/m2 as reference,OR values of the risk for male people with BMI 18.5-24.0kg/m2,24.0-28.0 kg/m2,and ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 to get hypertension people were 1.622 (95％ CI:0.653 -4.029),2.405 (95％ CI:0.940-5.940),4.248 (95％ CI:1.709-10.559) respectively,while for female people were 2.212 (95％ CI:1.193-4.104),3.870 (95％ CI:2.092-7.157),6.603 (95％ CI:3.557 -12.258) respectively.Conclusion Overweight and obesity are risk factors of hypertension.Obesity control contributes to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly population.

Objective Impedance control plays an important role in stability.This paper intends to explore such mechanism through modeling human reaching movement.Method Implemented with revised model,we ap-ply optimal control theory to neuro-muscle-skeleton model to calculate the stiffness ellipses.Result Com-pared with the original model and experimental figures,the model we proposed could overcome the shortage of monotonous changing of the original one and fit the data better.Conclusions So that this paper concludes that co-contraction contributes to impedance control even during free upper limb planar movement.

Objective　To explore the expression of Fas ligan d (FasL) protein in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinic al significance. Methods　Expression of FasL protein was detecte d by immunohistochemical method in 32 resected tumors of NSCLC. Results 　FasL protein was detected in all of these 32 resected tumors with variant pos itive expression levels ranging from 3.0% to 98.7% ［mean (62.0±32.0)%］. T here wa s significant difference between the tumors of different pathological types no s ignificant difference was found between the tumors of different differentiation nor among the tumors of different pTNM stages (P>0.05). Conclusion　 The results indicated that NSCLC can counterattack the immune cells of t he body and may be the molecular basis for the easily metastasis of adenocarcino ma to in the early stage.