Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Gravity Suits ; Heart Function Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the roles of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and TGF-?1 in aldosterone-induced PAI-1 production.Methods Quiescent rat mesangial cells (MCs) were treated by aldosterone.The level of ROS in MCs induced by aldosterone was measured by confecal laser scanning microscopy and the TGF-?1 activity in the supematant of culture was measured by mink lung epithelial cell (Mvllu) proliferation inhibition MTT assay.Then,before the addition of aldosterone,MCs were pretreated with NAC or TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody to decrease cellular ROS or inhibit activity of TGF-?1 induced by aldosterone respectively.PAI-1 mRNA was examined by semi-quantification RT-PCR and PAI-1 protein by Western blotting.Results The intracellular ROS induced by aldosterone increased by 5-fold compared to that of control group,and the activity of TGF-?1 stimulated by aldosterone increased markedly.TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody and NAC effectively decreased aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA expression by 30% and 32%,and PAI-1 protein expression by 21% and 11%,respectively.However,neither TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody nor NAC alone could regulate aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression to normal level in 24 hours.Conclusions ROS and TGF-?1 play important roles in up-regulation of aldosterone- induced PAI-1 in MCs.ROS and TGF-?1 are not the exclusive pathway of PAI-1 expression induced by aldosterone in MCs.

Objective:To investigate the electrocardiographic characteristics of left and right ventricles origin of premature ventricular contractions(PVCs) during V3 transition of precordial leads, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) anterior septum and right coronary sinus (RCC), and RVOT middle-posterior septum and left coronary sinus (LCC).Methods:From January 2017 to September 2019, 91 patients with ventricular extrasystole of outflow tract who had V3 transition in precordial lead and had successful radiofrequency ablation in RVOT anterior septum, middle posterior septum, LCC and RCC were selected for retrospective case control study.The electrocardiography measurements of PVCs were compared between the anteroseptal RVOT group and RCC group, as well as the middle-posterior septal RVOT group and the LCC group, respectively.The measurements included the R-wave amplitude in lead Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and aVF, R amplitude ratio in leads Ⅲ to Ⅱ, Q-wave amplitude in lead aVL and aVR, Q amplitude ratio in leads aVL to aVR, R-wave and S-wave amplitude from leads V1 to V3, the V2S/V3R index, the transition zone index, and the V2 transition ratio.Results:Thirty-six cases originated from the anteroseptal RVOT, and 11 from the LCC.Lead I R-wave amplitude in anterior septal RVOT was higher than LCC group((0.22±0.25) mV vs.(-0.17±0.33) mV; P=0.003). R-wave amplitude in lead Ⅱ was lower than that in the LCC group((1.59±0.35) mV vs.(1.76±0.27) mV; P=0.035). R-wave amplitude in lead aVF was lower compared with the LCC group((1.53±0.35) mV vs.(1.78±0.39) mV; P=0.050). The V2S/V3R index showed a significant difference between these two groups(1.99±0.66 vs.0.76±0.38; P<0.001). The V2 transition ratio also appeared a significant difference between the two groups(0.69±0.43 vs.1.05±0.35; P=0.005). PVCs arose from the middle-posterior septal RVOT in 32 cases, and from the RCC in 12 cases.Compared with RCC group, lead Ⅰ R-wave amplitude showed lower ((0.25±0.31) mV vs.(0.57±0.12) mV; P<0.001); R amplitude ratio in leads Ⅲ to Ⅱ higher (0.89±0.14 vs.0.72±0.18; P=0.002); Q amplitude in lead aVL((0.72±0.24) mV vs.(0.51±0.16) mV; P=0.002)higher, and Q amplitude ratio in leads aVL to aVR higher in the middle-posterior septal RVOT(0.76±0.23 vs.0.50±0.21; P=0.002). Conclusion:Among the cases with lead V3 transition, PVCs originated from the anteroseptal RVOT show significantly different R wave in lead Ⅰ, Ⅱ, aVF, V2S/V3R index, and the V2 transition ratio compared with those from the LCC.The PVCs from the middle-posterior septal RVOT and the RCC have different R wave in lead Ⅰ, R amplitude ratio in leads Ⅱ and Ⅲ, Q amplitude ratio in leads aVL and aVR.Combined with its different characteristics, it can help to identify the origin of left and right ventricles.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is referred to a common type of cerebral damage, which is caused by injury, leading to shallow bleeding in the cortex with intact cerebral pia mater. In recent years, studies show that a various kinds of immune cells and immune cellular factors are involved in the occurrence of HIBD. CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a representative of CC chemokine receptor, and is widely distributed in cerebral neuron, astrocyte, and microglial cells, and is the main chemo-tactic factor receptor in brain tissue. CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a kind of basophilic protein and the ligand of CCR2, and plays an important role in inflammation. In order to provide evidence for correlational studies in HIBD, this review will introduce the biological characteristics of CCR2 and CCL2, and illustrate the relationship between the immunoreactivity and HIBD.
Animals ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology* ; Chemokine CCL2/metabolism* ; Chemokines, CC/metabolism* ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism* ; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, CCR2/metabolism*

Solid dispersions (SD) as a preparation of intermediates have played an important role in improving the dissolution of insoluble drugs and its bioavailability.SD technique is one of the most promising techniques to improve the dissolution and solubility of insoluble drugs,and the development of SD technique will promote the gradual perfection in preparative field.This review focuses on the carrier materials of SD,various new preparation techniques and their comparisons,application of solid dispersion formulations,and stability problems of SD.The factors influencing the stability of SD are described,and the effective measures to prevent the aging of SD are put forward.Finally,the review puts forward the practical suggestions of the solid dispersion technique.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a member of cyclin-dependent kinase family, which does not directly regulate cell cycle. Through phosphorylation of target protein, CDK5 plays an irreplaceable role in the development, reparation and degeneration of neurons. Brain injury refers to the organic injury of brain tissue caused by external force hit on the head. Owing to the stress and repair system activated by our body itself after injury, various proteins and enzymes of the brain tissues are changed quantitatively, which can be used as indicators for estimating the time of injury. This review summarizes the progress on the distribution, the activity mechanism and the physiological effects of CDK5 after brain injury and its corresponding potential served as a marker for brain injury determination.
Brain/physiopathology* ; Brain Injuries/physiopathology* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5/metabolism* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism* ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Phosphorylation/drug effects* ; Time Factors

Objective To discuss the psychology and behavior of elderly hypoglycemia patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, and compare the differences in psychology and behavior between groups.Methods Measurement and assessment with fall efficacy scale on psychology towards prevention of fall among 408 elderly hypoglycemia patients (＞ 60 years old) with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were taken; They were divided for hypoglycemia history, carotid artery stenosis and ischemia sympton, and fall history; SPSS 17.0software was applied to do statistical analysis. Results There is significant difference on fall efficacy scale score between groups with and without hypoglycemia, carotid artery stenosis and ischemia sympton, and fall history (P ＜0. 0 1). Conclusions Subdividing symptomatic groups, applying preventive intervention procedure on prevention of fall, education on psychology and behavior towards prevention of fall are the effective psychological intervention measures on prevention of fall.

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in the efficacy on distant version of naked eye in the patients of juvenile myopia between rotating manipulation and lifting-thrusting manipulation of acupuncture.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty cases (240 eyes) were randomized into a rotating manipulation group and a lifting-thrusting manipulation group, 60 cases (120 eyes) in each group. Additionally, a corrective lenses group, 60 cases (120 eyes), was set up as the control. In both manipulation groups, Cuanzhu (BL 2),Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Sizhukong (TE 23), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Fengchi (GB 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Guangming (GB 37) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were punctured, but stimulated with rotating manipulation and lifting-thrusting manipulation respectively three times per week, 10 times as a treatment session and totally one session was required. In the corrective lenses group, the glasses were applied at daytime. The clinical efficacy and the changes in distant vision of naked eye before and after treatment were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 87.5% (105/120) in the rotating manipulation group, which was better than 69.2% (83/120) in the lifting-thrusting manipulation group (P < 0.05). The distant vision of naked eye was improved apparently in the rotating manipulation group and the lifting-thrusting manipulation group after treatment (both P < 0.05). But it was not improved in the corrective lenses group (P > 0.05). The distant vision of naked eye was improved more apparently after treatment in the rotating manipulation group as compared with that in the lifting-thrusting manipulation group (0.75 +/- 0.23 vs 0.68 +/- 0.24, P < 0.05). For 96 cases (192 eyes) with acupuncture treatment, in 3-month follow-up, 87.0% (167/192) of the cases maintained the stable vision as the original level and 13.0% (25/192) of them were reduced in the vision In the acupuncture groups, it was found that the improvement of distant vision of naked eye was more obvious after treatment with younger age, better basic vision and shorter duration of sickness (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture achieves the positive and sustainable clinical effect on juvenile myopia, and the results of rotating manipulation are superior to that of lifting-thrusting manipulation. Age, basic vision and duration of sickness impact the clinical efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Myopia ; therapy ; Young Adult

Adult ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Myotonic Dystrophy ; complications ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Syringomyelia ; complications ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVEto investigate the pattern of the blood supply and the nerve distribution of breast, in order to find a way for short-scar reduction mammaplasty.

METHODSTwelve adult women cadavers were investigated for the vascularture of the anterior thorax and the nerve distribution of the breasts by using the blood vessel casting, specimen transparency technique and the autopsy. Based on the anatomical study, a modified double-circle reduction mammaplasty technique was designed to treat 28 patients with hypertrophical breasts.

RESULTSThere existed two- or three-layers vasculature in the anterior thorax. The extensive vertical vascular anastomoses were found among the three layers. The cutaneous perforators, penetrated out of the pectoralis major muscle, were formed a dense vessel network in the retromammary space. The vertical vessels thereafter emerged from the network, passed through gland and linked to the subcutaneous vessels. These vertical vessels were smaller and denser above the fourth intercostal space, but they were larger and sparser below the fourth intercostal space. The innervation of the nipple-areola mainly came from the lateral deep branches of the 4th intercostal nerve. It appeared S-shape running into the dropped breasts. The 28 patients were successfully treated with the modified technique, except one case with the loss of the nipple-areola sense.

CONCLUSIONThe modified double-circle reduction mammaplasty could maximally fulfill the blood supply to the remained gland and the innervations to the nipple-areola, by keeping the advantages of the traditional technique such as invisible scar, good projection and the long lasting results. It could also be a safe and reliable technique.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Vessels ; anatomy & histology ; Breast ; blood supply ; innervation ; surgery ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Models, Anatomic ; Nervous System ; anatomy & histology ; Treatment Outcome