Adolescent ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Male ; Nucleosomes ; immunology

Azabicyclo Compounds ; blood ; Chromatography, Gas ; Humans ; Piperazines ; blood ; Serum ; chemistry

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Overdose ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To explore how the spared muscles in upper limbs and trunk compensated for elbow extension movements in patients with SCI at the level of C_5 and C_6.Methods Fifteen patients with SCI at the level of C_5 and C_6 and fifteen healthy subjects were divided into an SCI group and a control group respectively.The surface EMG recorded from the anterior dehoid,middle deltoid,posterior deltoid,triceps braehii muscle,biceps braehii muscle,upper peetoralis,serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi during four elbow extension activities including grasp- ing cup,reaching for light-switch,wheelchair ambulation and upper limb weight-bearing.The relative EMG intensi- ties of muscles were expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary contraction.Results Several muscles partici- pated in the activity simultaneously when both groups of subjects performed every motor task.But the primary muscles involved in the movements were different between the two groups.Furthermore,the SCI group tended to employ more muscles than the controls to perform a activity.The compensatory strategies used in various motor tasks by the spared muscles were different.Conclusion The motorueuron recruitment patterns used by the C_(5～6)SCI patients in per- forming elbow extension activities could be different from those by the healthy subjects.The patients accomplished performing different motor tasks by changing their compensatory strategies.

ObjectiveTo observe the preventive effect of type Ⅱ collagen on experimental rat articular cartilage damage induced by T-2 toxin,to explore molecular biomarkers of articular cartilage damage and repair,and to provide a theoretical basis for control of articular cartilage damage.MethodsEighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their body weights:negative control,positive control,high-dose intervention,and low-dose intervention groups,20 rats in each group.Animals in negative control group were fed with standard rat chow,and animals in other three groups were fed with T-2-toxin-contaminated chow( 100 ng/kgfeed).Animals in negative and positive control groups drank distilled water,animals in high-dose intervention and low-dose intervention groups drank water containing type Ⅱ collagen(0.5,5.0 g/L,respectively).These rats were sacrificed after 3 and 5 months,respectively,and bilateral knee joints were collected.Histopathologic changes in hyaline cartilage were examined by light microscope,serum levels of type Ⅱ collagen carboxyl terminal peptide (CTX-Ⅱ ),cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).ResultsHE staining showed,that the positive control articular chondrocytes were disarranged,deformated,degenerated,with necrosis and extensive areas of chondrocyte loss;but the two intervention groups only showed fibril formation and swelling and surface cartilage cells became round,flat cartilage cells decreased in number,and cartilage cells clustered and so on early pathological changes of osteoarthritis.At the ends of 3 month and 5 month experiment,the levels of serum CTX- Ⅱ in different groups were,negative control[(18.77 ± 4.61),(25.07 ± 9.17)μg/L],high-dose intervention[ (21.11 ± 5.02),(33.20 ± 9.74)μg/L ],low-dose intervention [ ( 19.87 ± 4.53 ),( 29.73 ± 9.32 ) μg/L ] and positive control [ ( 24.43 ± 5.23 ),( 39.17 ±10.49 ) μg/L ] ; the levels of serum COMP were,negative control group [ (5.43 ± 2.75 ),( 6.38 ± 2.23 ) μg/L ],highdose intervention group[ (17.27 ± 4.77),(20.32 ± 4.74)μg/L],low-dose intervention group[(20.13 ± 5.07),(19.44 ± 4.92)μg/L] and positive control group[ (21.37 ± 4.72),(24.52 ± 4.26)μg/L].At the end of 3 month,compared with negative control group,the level of serum CTX- Ⅱ in other three groups increased,but only positive control group increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05) ; at the end of 5 month,compared with negative control group,the level of serum CTX-Ⅱ in other three groups increased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),and the level of CTX-Ⅱ in the two intervention groups was significantly lower compared with that of positive control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with negative control group,the level of serum COMP in other groups increased significantly at the end of 3 month (all P ＜ 0.05) and only the level of serum COMP in high-dose intervention group was significantly lower compared with that of positive control group(P ＜ 0.05).At the end of 5 month,compared with negative control group,the level of serum COMP in other three groups increased significantly,the difference were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of serum COMP in the two intervention groups were significantly lower than that of positive control group(all P ＜ 0.05).At the ends of 3 month and 5 month,the content of urinary DPD in negative control group were[ (3.47 ± 2.20),(4.14 ± 1.06)μg/L],positive control group[ (4.09 ± 2.48),(4.33 ± 3.43)μg/L],high-dose intervention group[ (3.86 ± 2.31 ),(5.72 ± 3.89)μg/L] and low-dose intervention group[ (3.58 ± 2.77),(4.23 ± 2.90)μg/L].The difference between the 4 groups were not statistically significant (F =2.608,2.436,all P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsType Ⅱ collagen could effectively reduce the level of serum CTX-Ⅱ and COMP in experimental rats and delay the process of articular cartilage damage induced by T-2 toxin.

ObjectiveTo study the impact of jogging mode on T-2 toxin-induced articular cartilage injury in rats,and to evaluate the role of movement in the development of bone and joint disease.MethodsA hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:negative control group(free activities in the cage),positive control group(firee activities in the cage),high-regulation group(regular exercise,the treadmill speed of 24 m/min),lowregulation group (regular exercise,the treadmill speed of 12 m/min) and the random group(random exercise,the treadmill speed of 12 or 24 n/min).The negative control group was fed on commercial grain fodder and other groups were fed on grain fodder contaminated with T-2 toxin.At the end of 5,10 weeks,the histopathological changes of hyaline cartilage were detected by optical microscope,and the level of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was determined.ResultsArticular cartilage lesions in each experimental group was evident,presented as cartilage cell degeneration,necrosis,karyopyknosis deeply stained,cells arranged in disorder and cell proliferation,articular dryness,and so on.Compared with the positive control group,the cartilage surface cells of rats in the movement groups showed degeneration,necrosis and loss of cells obviously.The injury in high-regulation group was the most serious than that in other movement groups,with the surface and the middle layer lesions,and a large area of cartilage necrosis,and loss of matrix collagen; cartilage degeneration,polarity disappeared,cell proliferation-based disorder showed in random group.The pathological changes of rat articular cartilage damage worsened with the extension of experimental period.The serum levels of COMP at week 5 in experimental groups were higher than that of both the negative control group and the positive control group,and the difference was statistically significant (F =15.733,P ＜ 0.05 ); compared with negative control group [ (11.55 ± 0.89)μg/L],the COMP levels in high-regulation group,low-regulation group,random group[(13.95 ± 1.23),(14.96 ± 1.29),( 12.99 ± 1.43)μg/L] were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05); compared with the positive control group[(12.32 ± 1.38) μg/L],the COMP levels in high-regulation group and low-regulation group were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05) ; and compared between the exercise groups,the COMP levels in low-regulatinn group were higher than that of random group(P ＜ 0.05).At week 10,the changes were in the same trend as that of week 5,and the difference between groups was statistically significant (F =6.144,P ＜ 0.05) ; and compared with the negative control group [(10.59 ± 1.93)μg/L],the COMP levels in high-regulation group,low-regulation group,random group [ ( 13.72 ± 2.67 ),( 14.94 ± 1.06 ),( 13.21 ± 1.58 ) μg/L] were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05) ; compared with the positive control group[ (11.45 ± 0.12)μg/L],the COMP levels in low-regulation group were significantly higher (P＜0.05); but compared with the exercise groups,the difference were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).ConclusionsHigh-intensity regular running and irregular intensity running can increase the articular cartilage damage,and injury of articular cartilage by low-intensity treadmill exercise is not significant.

Aim To ascertain whether defibrase has the protective effect against reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia.Methods 70 renovascular hypertensive rats(RHR) were randomly divided into defibrase group, control group and sham-operated group.Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) models were produced by the modified. Longa's method,and reperfusion was begun 2 hours after occlusion.Rats in the defibrase group were given defibrase 10 U?kg-1 body weight via femonal intraveneous injection, and in the control group with the same amount of saline. The brain pieces were processed by TTC and HE staining and the infarct size,brain microvessels damage and secondary bleeding were compared between the two groups. Results The volume of infarction in the defibrase group was obviously smaller than in the control group, the damage of brain microvessels was less severe, and the bleeding lesions under optical microscope were less than in the control group. Conclusion Defibrase has protective effect against reperfusion injury post cerebral ischemia.

This study is to determine six chlorogenic acids (chlorogenic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) by quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single marker (QAMS). Chlorogeinc acid was used as internal reference to calculate the relative correction factors (RCF) of five compounds. Then the ruggedness of relative correction factors was tested on different instruments and columns. Meanwhile, a total of 4 batches of Lonicerae Flos and 20 batches of Lonicerae Flos extract with five different processing procedures were analyzed by external standard method (ESM) and QAMS, respectively. The ruggedness of relative correction factors was good. And the analytical results calculated by ESM and QAMS showed no difference. The quantitative method established was suitable for the quality evaluation of Lonicerae Flos extract.
Biomarkers ; analysis ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Lonicera ; chemistry