Nowadays,oil-pollution of seawater in the world has severely threatened the security of sea entironment.Bioremediation offers one available option for an oil spill response.The aspects as follows are introduced some evolvement of microbial ecology,including new method of survey of microbial diversity without cultivation,new isolated method and the properties of main hydrocarbon degradated strain.But we have little or no understanding of the vast majority of marine bacteria that remain uncultured,and more efforts should be made to improve current methods for isolating oil-degrading or oil-emulsifying bacteria,not only for assessing the fate and effects of the spilled oil,but also for isolating novel bacteria that would be useful for the petroleum industry.

Naringenin (1) was transformed to three metabolites (2-4) by Mucor sp. Based on LCMS(n)-IT-TOF and NMR spectroscopic data, 2-4 were identified as naringenin-7-O-sulphate, naringenin-4'-O-sulphate, and naringenin-5-O-sulphate, respectively. These results might provide hints to the mammalian/human metabolism of naringenin.
Biotransformation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Mucor ; metabolism ; Sulfates ; metabolism

The aim of this study was to examine the priming effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on fMLP-activated neutrophils, mainly to detect the neutrophil respiratory burst products, and to investigate the signaling pathway involved in S1P activity. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the new isolated neutrophil; the superoxide anion output was detected indirectly by cytochrome C reduction in respiratory burst; the dihydro-rhodamine 123 was used to detect the intensity of respiratory burst; the signal transduction pathways of neutrophil respiratory burst were explored by Western blot. The results showed that after pretreated with S1P, the level of superoxide anion released by fMLP-activated neutrophils significantly increased; the Rhodamine 123 mean fluorescence intensity in S1P primed fMLP-activated neutrophils group was significantly higher than that in fMLP treatment group; PI3K and Akt proteins involved in the signal pathway of neutrophil respiratory burst. It is concluded that S1P is a new priming reagent, which primes respiratory burst of fMLP-activated neutrophils; this signal pathway may be that S1P interacts with its receptor, activates PI3K, then activates Akt-transmitting signals through NADPH oxidase, finally results in the respiratory burst.
Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Lysophospholipids ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid ; metabolism ; Respiratory Burst ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingosine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Superoxides ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the importance of TLICS classification to surgical options of thoracolumbar fractures by analyzing the cause of intravertebral vacuum sign, vertebral collapse and vertebral pseudarthrosis.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to December 2010, the clinical data about 15 patients with postoperative complications by thoracolumbar fracture after posterior internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed. There were 9 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 18 to 75 years, with an average of 54.6 years. Of them, fracture site in T12 was 7 cases, L1 was 5 cases, L2 was 3 cases; compression fractures was in 12 cases and burst fracture was in 3 cases; according to classification of TLICS, 12 cases were of type I ,3 cases of type III. And the causes of complications after posterior fixation were analyzed according clinical manifestation and imaging finding combined with review literatures.

RESULTSAfter 10 to 20 months following-up (with average of 15 months), loss of vertebral height found in 9 cases (4 cases existed vertebral collapse, as well as 3 cases occurred screw loosening) and Intravertebral Vacuum Sign appeared in 6 cases.

CONCLUSIONIn order to avoid the vertebral vacuum and fixation failure, the clinical data of patients should be roundly and carefully evaluated, surgical indications should be strictly controlled and the surgical approach should be selected according to correct classification. Particularly, the reconstruction of the stability of former spinal column shoud be paid more attention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thoracic Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the survival status of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years receiving antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019, and to provide evidence for further improvement of antiviral therapy. Methods　Basic information and follow-up information of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years who first received HIV/AIDS antiviral therapy in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 were collected. Excel database was established and SPSS23.0 software was used for analysis. Retrospective cohort study was conducted. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing survival time. Results　A total of 1 183 subjects were included, of which 172 died, including 84(48.84%) from other causes, 74(43.02%) AIDS-related death and 14 (8.14%) from accidents, suicides and undetermined deaths. Setting AIDS-related deaths as an outcome event, life table analysis showed that the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 years after receiving ART were 96.61%, 93.59%, 90.35%, 87.57% and 83.44%, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that the risk of death in patients aged 60-<70 years group and over 70 age group was 2.53 times (95%CI: 1.51-4.23) and 3.59 times (95%CI: 1.74-7.40) for patients aged the 50-<60 group , respectively. The risk of death in patients with baseline CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4) counts of ≥200/mm3, 50-<200 /mm3 was 0.22 times (95%CI: 0.12-0.41) and 0.37 times (95%CI: 0.21-0.67) for patients with CD4+T lymphocyte counts of <50/mm3. The risk of death in patients with opportunistic infections at baseline was 1.99 times (95%CI: 1.16-3.39) for patients without baseline opportunistic infections. Conclusions　The survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 who received antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 was relatively high. To further improve the quality of antiviral treatment in our province, the strategy of "early detection and early treatment" should be continued and improved in the future, and information collection of specific causes of non-AIDS-related deaths among this population should be further strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the response rate and adverse reactions of exemestane (a new aromatase inactivator) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-three patients with advanced breast cancer entered this study with two patients excluded because of postmenopausal time being less than one year. Therefore, 173 patients could be evaluated for adverse events and 171 patients could be evaluated for efficacy. Exemestane, 25 mg orally daily for 4 weeks as one cycle was given.

RESULTSIn the 171 patients evaluated for efficacy, 4 (2.3%) experienced a complete response (CR) and 40 (23.4%) a partial response (PR), with the overall response rate of 25.7%. Ninety patients (52.6%) had stable disease (SD), with 25 having SD for at least 24 weeks. The clinical benefit (CR + PR + SD > or = 24 weeks) was shown in 69 (40.4%) patients. Progressive disease (PD) was shown in 37 (21.6%) patients. The untreated patients had a higher objective response rate (33.8%) than the retreated ones (18.1%) with significant difference (P = 0.019 7). The response rates for soft-tissue, bone involvement and visceral metastasis were 32.8%, 23.9%, and 12.4% (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in different ages, time of menopause, disease-free interval or receptor status (P > 0.05). Drug-related adverse events were gastric discomfort (17.9%), malaise (17.9%), nausea (13.9%), hot flushes (11.0%) and dysphoria (5.8%). Other side reactions and abnormal laboratory parameters were observed occasionally which were irrelevant.

CONCLUSIONExemestane can be used to treat postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer giving only mild adverse reactions which are well tolerated.

Adult ; Aged ; Androstadienes ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of human plasma exosomes-like vesicles on the regulatory function of macrophages.

METHODSThe exosomes-like vesicles were purified from healthy donors plasma with a series of high-speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration. Macrophages were derived from cultured human blood monocytes. The molecular markers of macrophages were assayed by FACS. After cultured with exosomes-like vesicles, the changes of macrophages cytoplasma Ca(2+), and related genes and proteins were assayed by FACS, RT-PCR and Western Blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter cultured with exosomes-like vesicles, mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of macrophages cytoplasma Ca(2+) was increased. The vesicles enhanced macrophages to express cytokines genes, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α genes being increased by 0.85 and 1.69 times respectively at 2 h, and that of IL-6 gene 3.7 times compared with the control at 8 h. However, the vesicles inhibited the expression of macrophages IL-10 gene, had no influence on the Frizzled5 receptor expression and could induce CaMKII phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONSExosomes-like vesicles can up-regulat macrophages expression of inflammatory cytokines genes, and increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by activating the Wnt5A-Ca(2+) signaling pathway.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Exosomes ; Female ; Humans ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism ; Wnt-5a Protein ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDWhether an addition of OAC to double antiplatelet therapy for patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation undergoing PCI-S may improve clinical outcomes is still debated. This meta-analysis aimed to update and re-compare the benefits and risks of triple antithrombotic therapy (TT) with double anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) after in patients who requiring oral anticoagulation after percutaneous coronary interventions with stenting (PCI-s).

METHODSTen reports of observational retrospective or prospective studies were retrieved, including a total of 6296 patients, follow-up period ranging from 1 year to 2 years.

RESULTSBaseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The main finding of this study is the overall incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis was comparable between two groups. Patients with TT was associated with significant reduction in ischemic stroke (OR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.13 - 0.57; P = 0.0006) as compared to DAPT. We reaffirmed triple therapy significantly increased the risk of major bleeding (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.22 - 1.78; P < 0.0001) and minor bleeding (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.07 - 2.24; P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONSTriple therapy is more efficacious in reducing the occurrence of ischemic stroke in PCI-s patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC), compared with DAPT. However, it significantly increased major and minor risk of bleeding. It is imperative that further prospective randomized controlled trials are required to defne the best therapeutic strategy for patients with an indication of chronic OAC undergoing PCI-s.

Aged ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Publication Bias ; Stents

BACKGROUNDRecent studies indicate that bone marrow-derived cells may significantly contribute to atherosclerosis, post-angioplasty restenosis and transplantation-associated vasculopathy. The responsible bone marrow (BM) cells and mechanisms regulating the mobilization of these cells are currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on injured arteries and its effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the process of vascular remodeling.

METHODSBalloon-mediated vascular injury was established in female rats (n = 100) which received radioprotective whole female BM cells by tail vein injection and male MSCs through a tibial BM injection after lethal irradiation. The injured and contralateral carotid arteries were harvested at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment.

RESULTSMorphometric analysis indicated that intima to media area-ratio (I/M ratio) significantly increased at 28 days, 0.899 ± 0.057 (P < 0.01), compared with uninjured arteries. Combining fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemical analysis showed that a significant number of the neointimal cells derived from MSCs, (45.2 ± 8.5)% at 28 days (P = 0.01), compared with (23.5 ± 6.3)% at 14 days. G-CSF was induced in carotid arteries subject to balloon angioplasty (fold mRNA change = 8.67 ± 0.63 at three days, relative G-CSF protein = 0.657 ± 0.011 at three days, P < 0.01, respectively, compared with uninjured arteries). G-CSF was chemotactic for MSCs but did not affect the differentiation of MSCs into smooth-muscle-like cells.

CONCLUSIONIncreased expression of G-CSF by injured arteries plays an essential role in contribution to recruitment and homing of MSCs to the site of the arterial lesion.

Angioplasty, Balloon ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Carotid Arteries ; surgery ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Neointima ; surgery ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular System Injuries ; surgery ; therapy

OBJECTIVEA mouse model of orthotopic bladder cancer simulating its human counterpart is of great importance in preclinical evaluation of new treatment modalities such as immunotxin therapy. The aim of the present study is to establish a novel nude mouse model with xenografted human bladder cancer.

METHODSSingle cell suspension of an established human bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell line BIU-87 was instilled into nude mouse bladders which were pretreated with mild acid washing. The tumor growth in mouse bladder was assessed weekly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At intervals following implantation and MRI tumor detection, the animals were sacrificed for necropsy, histological examination and immunocytochemical studies.

RESULTSThe overall tumor establishment was 92.9% (52/56 mice) at 7 - 36 days, while in the subgroup of animals sacrificed at 12 - 13 days, 40 out of 42 animals (95.2%) developed TCC, the majority of which was superficial. The tumor stages were assessed by gross and histopathology. Histological examination confirmed the presence of grade II - III TCC. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that the tumor model maintained the biological and immunological features of BIU-87 cells. The changes seen on MRI images well correlated with the extent of tumor invasion identified by histology. Carcinoma in situ could be detected histologically at 7 - 9 days post-inoculation and progressed into papillary or invasive tumors thereafter.

CONCLUSIONThe orthotopic BIU-87 TCC model in nude mice is highly reproducible and is ideal for preclinical studies on experimental intravesical therapies.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology