Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Femur ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Osteomyelitis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the distribution of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in rats' respiratory tract. To study the influence of LPS and Eucalyptus globulus oil on the distribution of TMR4.

METHODThe Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS,2 mg x kg(-1) per day) for two days to induce acute lung injury. The rats were sacrificed at 72 hours after LPS instillation. Lung morphology was studied. Leukocytes in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured and TLR4 were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTThe result of immunohistochemistry showed that TLR4 distributed widely in common rats' respiratory tract. In the group of acute lung injury, the number of leucocyte in BALF was increased apparently, the inflammation in bronchus and bronchioles was more apparently than that of the control group in morphology. And the expression of TLR4 was reinforced in main bronchus and bronchioles. In the group of E. globules oil (300 mg x kg(-1)), the leucocyte number was decreased apparently in BALF, the inflammation was lightened and the expression of TLR4 decreased as compared with the group of models.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of TLR4 distributes widely in rats' respiratory tract. The stimulation of LPS can reinforce the expression of TLR4. The E. globules oil can reduce the increase of TLR4 induced by LPS in bronchioles.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Bronchi ; metabolism ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on superior cluneal nerve entrapment syndrome treated by relaxation therapy of in-row multi-needling technique.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty cases were randomized into a multi-needling group, an acupotomy group and a conventional acupuncture group, 40 cases in each one. In the multi-needling group, the perpendicular or oblique puncture was applied to the affected area of the lumbar and gluteal region. The chief needling sites were determined in terms of the strong response of acupuncture to be the chief points. The in-row multi-needling technique was applied around the chief needling sites, with lifting, thrusting penetrating method to different directions. Two chief points were connected with the G6805 low frequency pulse therapeutic apparatus. In the acupotomy group, the acupotomy was applied to 3 to 4 affected sites in each treatment. In the conventional acupuncture group, Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Jiaji (EX-B 2) in the lumbar region, Zhibian (BL 54) and the others were selected and connected with the G6805 low frequency pulse therapeutic apparatus. The cases in each group were treated for 4 weeks. The improvements of pain score, therapeutic efficacy and comprehensive satisfaction assessment were compared among 3 groups in 2 and 4 weeks of treatment separately.

RESULTSThe pain scores in each group were reduced apparently in 2 and 4 weeks of treatment separately (all P<0.05), and the pain score in the acupotomy group was lower than that in the conventional acupuncture group in 2 weeks of treatment. In 4 weeks of treatment, the pain scores in the multi-needling group and the acupotomy group were lower than that in the conventional acupuncture group (both P<0.05) and the pain score in the multi-needling group was lower than that in the acupotomy group (P<0.05). In 2 weeks of treatment, the remarkable effective rate in the acupotomy group was 62.5% (25/40), which was superior significantly to 25.0% (10/40) in the conventional acupuncture group (P<0.05). The other differences among the groups were not significant statistically in comparison. In 4 weeks of treatment, the remarkable effective rate was 90. 0% (36/40) in the multi-needling group and was 67.5% (27/40) in the acupotomy group, which were superior to 35.0% (14/40) in the conventional acupuncture group (both P<0.05). The remarkably effective rate in the multi-needling group was better than that in the acupotomy group (P<0.05). The satisfaction for the patients in the multi-needling group was higher obviously than that in any of the other two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe relaxation therapy of in-row multi-needling technique achieves the definite therapeutic effect on superior cluneal nerve entrapment syndrome. The efficacy is superior to acupotomy and the conventional acupuncture. The therapeutic effect is better for the cases of the extensive affected scope, unclear location and large distribution in patches caused by the adhesion of muscles and fascia especially.

Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with inductance coupling for treatment of delayed union and nonunion.

METHODSSixty cases with delayed union and nonunion after operation were randomly divided into 2 groups. The observation group (n=30) received acupuncture with Shenshu (BL 23), Mingmen (GV 4), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuanzhong (GB 39) and Taichong (LR 3) selected as main points, in combination with inductance coupling treatment and the routine treatment. The patients (n=30) in the control group received routine treatment. Bony callus growth was observed by X-ray 30 and 120 days after treatment respectively.

RESULTSTwenty-three cases 30 days after treatment and 29 cases 120 days after treatment were found the bone callus growth in the observation group , and 11 cases and 17 cases in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), the observation group being better than the control group, with no bad event and side effect.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture combined with inductance coupling is a good method for promoting fracture healing.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Ununited ; therapy ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To study the effects of selenium(Se) and protein on cardiac morphology and expression of cellular glutathione peroxidase(GPX1 ) and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase(TR2) in rat myocardial tissue.MethodsSixty healthy weaning male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups by two factors two levels factorial design(n =15).Drinking water was divided into two levels of Se-deficient(0 mg/L) and Se-adequate (0.25 mg/L); diet was divided into two levels of protein-deficeient (10％ protein and 0.008 mg/kg Se) and protein-adequate(20％ protein and 0.015 - 0.026 mg/kg Se).The rats were killed after feeding for one year.Pathological changes in myocardial tissues were observed under light microscope.The expression of GPX1 and TR2 in rat myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Compared between groups,the difference of the rate of myocardial necrosis in rats was statistically significant(x2 =11.04,P ＜ 0.05),in which Se-deficient protein-deficient group [66.7％ (8/12) ] was significantly higher than Se-adequate proteinadequate group [ 7.1％ ( 1 / 14),x2 - 11.06,P ＜ 0.05 ].GPX 1 positive rates in Se-deficient protein-deficient group,Se-adequate protein-deficient group,Se-deficient protein-adequate group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11 ),10.0％(1/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively,in rat myocardial tissue determined by immunohistochemistry.Of which,Se-adequate protein-deficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group(x2 =12.88,8.14 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of TR2 in rats myocardial tissue of the four groups were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11),0(0/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively.Of which,Se-adequate proteindeficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group (x2 =28.67,18.25 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of GPX1 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.87 ± 0.13,1.18 ± 0.13,0.95 ± 0.13 and 1.74 ± 0.23,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effects of Se and protein on protein expression of GPX1 in the heart were statistically significant(F=124.93,43.16,all P＜ 0.05).And there was interaction between them(F=24.10,P＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of TR2 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.63 ± 0.19,0.97 ± 0.24,0.55 ± 0.08 and 1.03 ± 0.31,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effect of Se on expression of TR2 in the heart was statistically significant(F =36.97,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adequate Se and protein diet can increase the levels of GPX1 and TR2 in the heart compared to deficient Se and protein diet,can enhance anti-oxidizing ability,protect the myocardial endothelial cells,reduce degree of myocardial injury,and the combined effects of both are better.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of eucalyptus globulus oil on the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-kappaB) in THP-1 cell line.

METHODSTHP-1 cells were cultured with or without eucalyptus globulus oil at different concentrations (1, 10, 100 mg x L(-1), 30 min) before being stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg x L(-1), 30 min). The location of NF-kappaB p65 subunit (NF-kappaB/p65) in THP-1 cells was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscope. The expression of NF-kappaB/p65 in nuclei was measured by Western-blot analysis.

RESULTThe FITC-label NF-kappaB/p65 was mainly located in the nuclei after THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS. Whereas, no fluorescence were seen in the nuclei of cells pretreated with eucalyptus globulus oil. This effect on NF-kappaB/p65 nuclear translocation was in a concentration dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONEucalyptus globulus oil inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB induced by LPS in THP-1 cells.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology ; Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Eucalyptus globulus oil on bronchiolitis and mucin hypersecretion in chronic bronchitis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats.

METHODRat model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide 0.2 mg. Pathological changes, alteration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and immunohistochemistry characters were examined after 3 weeks and the effect of E. globulus oil was observed.

RESULTCharacters of pathological manifestations of chronic bronchitis were found after instillation of LPS. Inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchiolitis severity were significantly reduced after administration of E. globulus oil. Especially in 300 mg x kg(-1) treated rats, there were significant decreases of mucin content in BALF and MUC5ac expression in trachea and bronchiole epithelium. Optical density and mucins area% detected by image analysis system were apparently lower than those in model group.

CONCLUSIONE. globulus oil has the anti-inflammatory effect on chronic bronchitis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats and the inhibitio effect on hypersecretion of airway mucins.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Male ; Mucins ; secretion ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The anhydrite and gypsum are the main sulfate minerals during evaporation of seawater or lake.They record the information about relative hydrogeology and the composition of mother liquor.Boron is diffluent element, and often occurs in all kinds of evaporites.Presently, the boron isotope has been applied widely in mineral deposits forming, geochemistry and palaeoenvironment.However, there is little research about characteristic of boron isotope in anhydrite and gypsum minerals, because of the low content of boron and micro-solubility in water and hydrochloric acid.This study developed a method of extracting and purifying boron in anhydrite and gypsum by phase transformation and ion-exchange.Firstly, the samples were mixed with ammonium hydrogen carbonate to transform the calcium sulfate to calcium carbonate.And diluted hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L) was added to resolve calcium carbonate.The percent conversion was about 85%in the first stage, and up to complete resolution by repeating this process.Secondly, boron specific ion-exchange resin ( Amberlite IRA 743 ) was used to gather the boron ions fully and further refined the samples with more than 1 μg of boron by anionic and cationic resin mixed by Ion Exchange Ⅱ and Dowex 50 W × 8.Finally, according to the modified method by He, the values of boron isotope were determined by TIMS.The boron content is analytically pure gypsum was 3.501 ± 0.128 μg/g ( n=12 , RSD=3.6%) and the average recovery was 100.47%.Besides, the δ11B value of analytically pure gypsum added with NIST SRM 951 was 17.98‰±0.21‰ (n=3, RSD=1.2%).This method has good repeatability and can meet the requirements of boron isotopic measurement of anhydrite and gypsum.

Objective To evaluate the effects of small interfering RNA(siRNA)against Ki67 gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cell line 786-0 cells.Methods The human renal carcinoma 786-0 cells were treated with Ki67-siRNA(100 nmol/L).The mRNA expression of Ki67 was detected by RT-PCR.The protein expression of Ki67 was detected by Western blot and immunohisto- chemical technique,respectively.The proliferation of 786-0 cells was detected by MTT assay.The apoptosis of 786-0 cells was detected by TUNEL assay.Results RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the Ki67 mRNA and Ki67 protein expression levels of the 786-0 cells treated with Ki67-siRNA were(37.6?1.9)% and(46.4?0.9)% ,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of controls [(97.3?0.9)% and(95.3?0.9)%,P＜0.01],The Ki67 positive expression rate of 786-0 cells treated with Ki67-siRNA by immunohistochemical technique was 52.5?2.3,which was significantly lower than that of controls(114.5?4.9 ,P＜0.01).The proliferation-inhibiting rate and apoptosis rate of the 786-0 cells trea- ted with Ki67-siRNA were( 63.6?1.6)% and(41.7?0.6)% ,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of controls [(2.8?0.2)% and(10.3?1.4)%,P＜0.01].Conclusions siRNA against Ki67 gene can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis by blocking Ki67 expression of hu- man renal carcinoma 786-0 cells.The inhibition of Ki67 expression by siRNA may be a promising approach in gene therapy for renal cancer.

Objective To investigate the changes and the molecular mechanism of tight junctions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in human glioma. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 21 patients with glioma of different grades and 6 healthy adults and thus we divided them into normal tissue group (n=6), low-grade glioma group (n=11) and high-grade glioma group (n=10).Each group was sampled for ultrastructural observation of the tight junctions of BBB using transmission electron microscope. Double immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were used to observe andanalyze the protein and mRNA expressions of Claudin-5 in the glioma, respectively. Results In normal brain tissues, the para-cellular cleft between the adjacent endothelial cells was sealed by continuous strands of tight junctions. In low-grade glioma, most of the tight junctions were intact and no fenestration was found in the endothelium. In high-grade glioma, the amount of pinocytosis vesicle was increased and significant paracellular cleft was found between the adjacent endothelial cells; in addition,typical fenestrations were found in the endothelial cells. Double immunofluorescence staining showedstrong expression of Claudin-5 in the microvascular endothelial cells in the normal brain tissues but weakexpression of that in the high-grade glioma. In the low-grade glioma, expression of Claudin-5 wasdecreased slightly in the microvascular endothelial cells. Compared with the high-grade glioma, the low-grade glioma and normal brain tissues showed significantly higher mRNA expression level of Claudin-5 (P<0.05). Conclusion In the development of brain glioma, glioma cells can decrease the expressions of Claudin-5 and interrupt the continuity of the tight junctions in BBB; and the decrease of Claudin-5 may be one of the important molecular mechanisms explaining the paracellular cleft of tight junction in BBB.