Objective:To investigate the effects of sleep quality on cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the cognitive function in hemodialysis patients was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and the sleep quality was accessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI). The related indexes of cognitive function were compared and the relationship between cognitive function and sleep quality was analyzed by using multiple binary Logistic regression method.Results:A total of 121 elderly hemodialysis patients aged 67.4±7.2 years with cognitive impairment of 76 cases(62.8%)were included in the study.Numbers(%)of cases with very good, good, general and poor sleep quality were 33(27.3%), 39(32.2%), 14(11.6%)and 35(28.9%), respectively.The proportion of patients with pretty good sleep quality was lower in cognitive impairment group than in normal cognitive group(13/76 or 17.1% vs.20/45 or 44.4%, P<0.001). The proportion of patients with poor sleep quality was higher in cognitive impairment group than in normal cognitive group(29/76 or 38.2% vs.6/45 or 13.3%, P<0.05). Multiple binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age( OR: 1.128, 95% CI: 1.083-1.175, P<0.001), a education level( OR: 0.353, 95% CI: 0.151-0.556, P<0.05), hypertension( OR: 2.508, 95% CI: 1.189-5.291, P<0.05), diabetes( OR: 1.913, 95% CI: 1.045-3.502, P<0.05), stroke( OR: 4.044, 95% CI: 1.439-11.365, P<0.05), dialysis age( OR: 1.016, 95% CI: 1.010-1.023, P<0.001), KT/V( OR: 0.025, 95% CI: 0.005-0.122, P<0.001)and parathormon(iPTH)( OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003, P<0.05)were associated with cognitive impairment.After adjusting for above factors, sleep quality was also correlated with cognitive impairment( OR: 1.180, 95% CI: 1.108-1.258, P<0.001), showing that the risk of cognitive impairment increased by 1.18 times with every one point increase in PSQI scores. Conclusions:Cognitive impairment is associated with age, education level, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, dialysis age, KT/V and iPTH in elderly hemodialysis patient, and sleep quality is also an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Though parched Chinese herbal medicines contain less effective or index components, their pharmacological actions do not reduce or even become improved to some extent. However, the current studies related to material basis could not explain the changes in property, flavour and efficacy of parched Chinese herbal medicines. Meanwhile, due to the lack of objective and specific evaluation indexes, the quality evaluation could not reflect features of parched Chinese herbal pieces. Therefore, how to break the bottleneck for the studies on parched Chinese herbal pieces, make further innovation and conduct in-depth studies on the material basis of parched Chinese herbal medicines are common problems that medical scholars are facing. According to the findings in the previous studies, the author proposed to explain the material basis of parched Chinese herbal medicines by studying Maillard reaction and establish specific quality evaluation indexes according to the features of parched Chinese herbal pieces, and conducted relevant studies.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Maillard Reaction ; Quality Control

Adult ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning

Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Trophozoites of Giardia lamblia were axenically cultivated with modified TYI-S-33 medium contained 500 ?g/ml metronidazole(12h LC50).The morphology of drug-treated trophozoites was observed with light and electron micro-scopes at 2,4,8,12 h respectively.The light microscopy revealed that the trophozoites treated with MTZ showed swollen,detached from the wall of the culture tube,and were with vacuoles in the cytoplasm.Movement of the flagella become slowly or stopped.Electronic microscopy showed that the trophozoites were swollen and deformed;lots of vacuoles were seen in the cytoplasm;the contents of cytoplasm were depleted and the nuclei deformed.This study indicated that MTZ has injured the morphology of G.lamblia.

AIM: To study the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and gastric mucosal injury induced by reserpine in rats. METHODS: Sixteen healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group (n=8). NO contents and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents in plasma, gastric mucosa of the rats were respectively determined with Cadmium-reduct plus Greiss and TBA; nitric oxide synthase in gastric walls of the rats were observed using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and quantitatively measured with image analyzer.RESULTS: The NO contents in both plasma and gastric mucosa of experimental group were significantly lower than that in control group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of X-ray irradiation on neurites growth of primary hippocampal neurons in vitro.Methods Primary hippocampal neuron culture in vitro were irradiated with 0,2,4,8,10,12 Gy of X-rays.In the first day and the third day after irradiation,the cell death of primary hippocampal neurons was detected by MTT method,and the morphological changes of primary hippocampal neuronal neurites were detected with immunofluorescence staining method.Results In the first day and third day after irradiation,the cell death of hippocampal neurons increased significantly (F =123.068,43.370,P ＜0.05),but there were no significant difference among 4,8,10,and 12 Gy irradiation groups.Immunofluorescence staining showed that,in the first day after irradiation,the neurite length and total dendritic branch length (TDBL) were significantly changed (F =9.169,7.856,P ＜0.05),and in the third day after radiation,the neurite length,TDBL and total dendritic branch tip number (TDBTN) were also altered (F =23.797,6.565,6.021,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion X-ray irradiation can inhibit the growth of neurites in the primary hippocampal neurons in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphated AMPK (pAMPK) signals in ischemic preconditioning (IPC), and the effect of pharmacological intervention of AMPK on infarct size of the brain. Methods A brief (3min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed to induce IPC in male rat, and another 90-min MCAO was performed 4 or 72h later. The levels of AMPK and pAMPK were assessed after IPC. A pharmacological activator metformin, or inhibitor compound C of AMPK, was used to analyze the correlation of IPC to AMPK signaling in MCAO rats. Results The infarct size of total cerebral hemisphere and cortex was significantly decreased in MCAO animals by IPC for 72h (P<0.05, n=8), and the neurological deficit scores (NDS) of MCAO rats were also improved (P<0.05, n=8). There was a significant increase in pAMPK expression after a 90min MCAO (P<0.05, n=6), and a significant decrease in induced pAMPK expression (P<0.05, n=6) achieved only by a 72h IPC treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of an AMPK inhibitor, compound C, could decrease the infarct size in MCAO rats (P<0.05, n=6), but combined IPC (72h) and injection of compound C did not result in further decrease of the infarct size (P>0.05, n=6). The AMPK activator metformin can significantly reverse the protective effect of IPC (P<0.05, n=6). Conclusions The signals of AMPK and pAMPK play an important role in neuroprotective effect of IPC on cerebral ischemic injury. The neuroprotective effect of IPC may be associated with the down-regulation of pAMPK.

Objective To investigate the related risk factors in patients with atrial fibrillation in order to prevent and delay the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.Methods Five hundred and fifty-eight inpatients with atrial fibrillation were retrospectively analyzed from June 2005 to June 2008.They were divided into several groups according to the age and the characteristics of the elder patients with atrial fibrillation were analyzed.Results In the 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 298 males (53.4%) and 260 females (46.6%) aged from 21 to 97 years.The average age was (72.8 ±10.1) years.There were 57 cases aged 21-59 years(10.2 %)and 501 cases aged 60-97 years(89.8 %).The total number of inpatients in our hospital was 11 869, and there were 4049 cases aged<60 years, 2527 cases aged 60-69 years, 3971 cases aged 70-79 years, 1244 cases aged 80-89 years and 78 cases aged>90 years.The proportions of the inpatients with atrial fibrillation in the above five age groups of inpatients were 1.4%(57 cases), 4.2%(107 cases), 6.6% (262 cases), 9.5%(118 cases)and 17.9% (14 cases), respectively.In 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 230 cases (41.2%) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 44 cases (7.9%) with persistent atrial fibrillation and 284 cases (50.9%) with permanent atrial fibrillation.The most common underlying disease was hypertension in the 558 cases, followed by coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, rheumatic heart disease and so on.Conclusions The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is increased with aging.Hypertension, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, heart failure, hyperthyroidism,diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease and renal failure are all the risk factors for atrial fibrillation.