Objective To analyze prenatal sonographic features and clinical diagnostic evaluation of congenital vascular ring.Methods The clinical data of 52 children with congenital vascular ring were analyzed to explore the characteristics and prenatal sonographic diagnosis mainly in congenital vascular ring.Results 52 cases of fetuses with vagus right subclavian artery 7 cases,right aortic arch with the left artery catheter in 38 cases,2 cases of pulmo-nary artery sling,5 cases of double aortic arch,and there were different types of ultrasound performance.In 52 cases of fetus,16 patients with malformations,accounting for 30.77%.Among them,the top three were ventricular septal defect,tetralogy of fallot,fetal polycystic kidney agenesis,which accounted for 50.00%,12.50% and 12.50%. 52 cases confirmed by autopsy,12 cases chose to terminate the pregnancy,24 cases choice of delivery.Among them, 20 cases of right aortic arch with the left side of the ductus arteriosus,pulmonary artery sling choose one case of child-birth and vagus right subclavian artery three cases,post -natal ultrasonography right aortic arch in 16 cases,and the remaining 16 patients were lost.Conclusion Prenatal sonography in diagnosis of congenital vascular ring has desired effect,three -vessel trachea view through accurate diagnosis and identification of congenital vascular ring,and it should be widely applied.

Objective To explore the effect of IL-23-stimulated synovial fibroblasts (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the formation of human osteoclast-like cell. Methods Fibroblasts from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) were stimulated with various concentrations of IL-23 (1, 5 and 10 ng/ml). After incubation for 72 hours, the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) mRNA were, measured by using real time PCR. Human monocytes (MN) were isolated and cocultured with IL-23-stimulated RA or OA FLS, and subsequently stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Osteoclast-like cell molecule markers were measured using real time PCR. Results Various concentrations of IL-23 upregulated RANKL expression in rheumatoid FLS, but failed in OA FLS. In the system of IL-23-stimulated RA FLS cocuhured with human MN, TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cell was enhanced and high level expressions of molecule markers were induced. Whereas in the system of non IL-23-stimulated RA FLS or IL-23-stimulated OA FLS cocuhured with human MN there was no TRAP-positive osteoclast-like cell formation. Conclusion The results suggest that IL-23 induced osteoclast-like cell formation is via RANKL expressions in rheumatoid FLS.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of multiple amino acid substitutions of CⅡ263-272 peptide on collagen-induced arthritis,and explore a therapeutic strategy of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: A panel of altered CⅡ263-272 peptides was synthesized with substitutions of TCR-contact residues of CⅡ263-272 with alanine.The competitive inhibition of APL to wild type CⅡ263-272 was analyzed by ~3H incorporation assay.CIA model was induced by intradermal injection of bovine CⅡ.Altered CⅡ peptide was injected subcutaneously in different doses(1,10,100 ?g,respectively,twice per week) after onset of CIA.The arthritis index,radiologic and histologic scores were recorded to evaluate the severity change of arthritis.Serum levels of IFN-? were examined by ELISA.Results: Competitive inhibition to wild type CⅡ263-272 of the altered CⅡ263-272 peptides(APL1,APL2,APL3) was found in PBMC from RA patients.Among them,APL3 with substitution of residues 267(Q),270(K) and 271(G) to A showed the most significant effect and thus was used in the treatment of CIA rats.We observed significantly reduced arthritis scores in CIA rats treated with 100 ?g/dose of APL as compared with rats treated with PBS and peptide control.The mean radiographic and histologic scores was also markedly lower in APL-treated CIA rats than in PBS or peptide control-treated rats.On day 35 after immunization,the serum level of IFN-? in rats was examined and a significantly low level of serum IFN-? was found in APL-treated rats.Conclusion: CⅡ263-272 peptide with TCR-contact residues substitutions inhibited joint destruction in CIA rats and down-regulated IFN-? production,suggesting that altered CⅡ peptide might be potentially therapeutic in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To study the distribution characteristics and relationship of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) .substance P(SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide synthase ( NOS)-positive neurons in intestinal tract of rats. Methods The distributions of AChE,SP, VIP and NOS-positive neurons in duodenum,jejunum,ileum,colon and rectum of rats were respectively observed by using enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Results Four types of positive neurons distributed throughout in each laminae of intestinal tract of rats,and there was accompanying and resemble distribution regularity. From duodenum,jejunum to ileum,four types of positive neurons showed gradual increase tendency in quantity, while from colon to rectum, they showed gradual decrease tendency in quantity. There were extremely abundant AChE-posi-tive neurons in each laminae of intestinal tract of rats,comparatively rich NOS and SP-positive neurons in Auerbach'myenteric plexus(AMP) ,and comparatively rich VIP-ir positive neurons in the Meissner's submucosal plexus(MSP)and mucosa. Density on the distribution of four types of positive neurons was AChE>NOS>VIP>SP. There was coexistence of four types of neurons, and there were synapse-like contacts in four types of neurons in AMP. Conclusion There were significant differences in the density on the distribution of AChE,SP, VIP and NOS-positive neurons in different segments of intestinal tract of rats,and there was close morphological relationship among four types of neurons in AMP. It was deduced that they exerted synergistic effects in regulating motility of the intestine.

0.05) in age, sex, disease course and disease activities (SLEDAI). Fever, oral ulcer, Raynaud′s phenomenon and cardiac involvement in infection group were more common than in disease flare group (P

Objective: To observe the effect of flavonoid from Glycyrrhizae Radix (FGR) on the migration of small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) and intracellular polyamines content. Methods: The cell migration model was constructed by scratch method. Under the intervention of α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), the specific inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), the specific inhibitor of potassium channel, the effect of FGR on cell migration was observed. The intracellular polyamine content being cultured for 12 or 24 h in normal and DFMO intervention condition was detected by precolumn derivatization-HPLC. Results: FGR could reverse the inhibitory effects of DFMO and 4-AP on cell migration, increase the intracellular content of polyamines after 12 or 24 h treatment, and reserve the decrease of polyamine content caused by DFMO. Conclusion: FGR could affect the polyamine-dependent signaling pathway, which may be related to the mechanisms for FGR promoting cell migration.

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of limb remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) on patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: A total of 145 patients with previous history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or cerebral infarction treated regularly by drugs and all the risk factors controlled within the normal range were enrolled. They were diagnosed as multiple extracranial or intracranial stenosis with imaging. They were divided into a limb rIPC group (n = 85) and a control group (n = 60) according to the ratio of 3/2. Both groups were in strict accordance with the medication of U. S. Stroke and transient ischemic attack secondary prevention guidelines 2011 and controlled the risk factors. At the same time, the rIPC group was given limb ischemic preconditioning training, using a dual-arm sphygmomanometer to pressurize both upper limbs to 180-200 mm Hg, maintained for 5 minutes, and deflated and rested for 5 minutes as a cycle. The continuous training was 5 cycles each time, once a day for 6 months. The neurological improvement and re-infarction rate of patients were observed. Thirty-five patients in the rIPC group and 26 in the control group received single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination. The improvement of cerebral blood flow and metabolism was observed. Results: Circled digit oneCompared to the condition before treatment, the neurological deficits were improved in 71 patients (83.5%) in the rIPC group and 40 in the control group after treatment. There was significant difference (P <0.05). Circled digit twoMRI examination showed that 3 patients (3.5%) in the rIPC group and 8 (13.3%) in the control group had recurrent cerebral infarction. There was significant difference (P <0.05). Circled digit threeCompared to the condition before treatment, the SPECT examination showed that cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood flow were improved in 29 patients (82.9%) in the rIPC group and 13 (50.0%) in the control group. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P <0.01). Circled digit fourAfter rIPC, no patients had heart rate, blood pressure changes, and other discomforts. Conclusion: Limb ischemia preconditioning may obviously improve neurological deficits caused by ischemic stroke, improve the cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and prevent the recurrence of cerebral infarction.

Brain injury is a kind of wound by violence on head, which is a mechanical distortion of skull, meninx, cerebral vascular and brain tissue due to outside force acting on head. Apolipoproteins E (ApoE) is a major kind of apolipoproteins, participating in the metabolism of lipid and regulating balance of cholesterol. Some recent investigations show that gene polymorphism of ApoE is associated with various kinds of diseases. Also its immunoreactivity is changed regularly with brain injury. In addition, ApoE has remarkable effect in neurological normal growth and reparative process after brain injury. This article reviews the biological characteristics and mechanism of ApoE in the repair of brain injury and application prospect in forensic medicine, which may be able to provide new ideas for estimation of the brain injury time and related experimental research.
Apolipoproteins E/physiology* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries/physiopathology* ; Forensic Medicine ; Head ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG) is one of the eye diseases which can lead to blindness. The early symptom of POAG is unconspicuous, however, it will result in irreversible optic never damage and visual field defect with the disease progress. As an index for diagnosing and evaluating the therapeutic effect of POAG, intraocular pressure ( IOP ) is simple and important. Clinically, although some treated patients have a target IOP at clinic time, the optic never damage still get worse. Researches indicate that higher nocturnal IOP and 24h IOP variation and lower nocturnal ocular perfusion pressure ( OPP) may be the reasons for this phenomenon. The following essay will give an overview of POAG,IOP and OPP according to the relevant literatures so that we can have a better understanding.