Objective That decline of estradiol in serum of postmenopausal women can result in dry eye has been accepted at present. However, the change of estradiol in tear of postmenopausal women has been not reported ever. This study was to discuss the relationship between dry eye syndrome and estradiol in tears and serum of postmenopausal women. Methods Total 62 eyes of 62 women were collected in this trial. The aim of this trial was informed orally and the informed consent was obtained from all the subjects. The 32 right eyes were from menopausal women for more one year and 30 right eyes were from premenopause women. The dry eye was diagnosed based on the abnormalities of tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescence and subjective symptom of patients. The periphery blood specimen was collected from all the subjects, and tear specimen was obtained and quantified using filter paper. Estradiol contents in tears and serum were determined by chemiluminescence method. The bulbar conjunctiva was obtained by impression cytology, and the microstructure of conjunctiva was observed under the scanning electron microscopy. Results In comparison to the premenopause group, the content of estradiol in tears and serum in menopause group was significantly reduced(73. 50 ±24.47 vs 17. 43 ± 10. 92) (U = -6. 396, P =0. 001). In the premenopause group, the estradiol content between tear and serum showed the positive correlation (r = 0. 838, P = 0. 001) . However, no statistical correlation was found in estradiol content between tears and serum in menopause group(r =0. 127, P = 0. 487). The maicrostructure changes were seen in the dry eyes of postmenopausal women, and decrease of goblet cell and loosen of intercellular junction were found under the electron microscope. Conclusion The content of estradiol in tears in menopause group is significantly lower than that in the premenopause group. Estradiol content in tears and serum of the postmenopausal women showes insignificant correlation. This result indicates that the topical substitute therapy with estradiol is possible in dry eye.

Objective To find out the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of Jinan residents,to explore appropriate iodine level in drinking water,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of intervention strategies.MethodsAccording to the Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial),qualified iodized salt consumption rate,drinking water iodine content and urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age were determined in iodine deficiency areas from 2003 to 2010.Salt iodine was detected by direct titrimetry,urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay and iodine in drinking water by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method.Results Intake rate of qualified iodized salt was up to 90％ and above from 2003 to 2010,median water iodine was 13.65 μg/L in the 10 counties(cities,districts),of which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 79.82％(4560/5713 ) and ＞ 150 μg/L accounted for 12.73％(727/5713).With the increase of water iodine(0 ～ ＜ 10,10 ～ ＜ 50,50 ～ ＜ 100,100 ～ ＜ 150,150 ～ ＜ 300 and ≥300 μg/L),urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age increased successively(median 156.56,175.81,267.04,349.00,524.22,583.20 μg/L,respectively,x2 =121.20,P ＜ 0.05),while the ratio of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was significantly lower.The ratio of urinary iodine between 100 and 300 μg/L was decreased gradually,but the ratio of great than 300 μg/L was gradually increased.ConclusionsIodine deficiency areas in Jinan have reached the standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.We should insist to carry out our measures to suit local conditions,classified guidances and scientific principals of iodine supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the forensic application of Goldeneye DNA ID 26Y Kit in the She nationality. METHODS: Through capillary electrophoresis, the genotype of 26 Y-STR loci were analyzed in 53 unrelated male individuals from Fujian She nationality. The population genetics parameters such as allele frequency and haplotype diversity were calculated. The comparisons among the She nationality and the other nationalities were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 126 alleles were observed on the 26 Y-STR loci of 53 unrelated male individuals. The allele frequencies and GD value ranged from 0.010 1 to 0.886 8 and 0.211 2 to 0.846 2, respectively. The GD value was greater than 0.5 in the 19 loci. A total of 47 haplotypes were observed. Based on R(ST), multidimensional scaling plot indicated that the genetic relationship among Fujian She nationality and Minnan Han nationality was closest, followed by Southern China Han nationality and Northern China nationality. CONCLUSION Goldeneye™ DNA ID 26Y Kit including 26 Y-STR loci has good polymorphism in the She nationality. As an additional system, it has forensic application value in some special cases.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Population Groups

Animals ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Phospholipase D ; physiology ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; physiology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacological effects of Liangyuan Pipagao on cough reflex and ciliary action. Liangyuan Pipagao is a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Cough was induced by aerosol citric acid in guinea pigs and aerosol capsacin in mice. Excretion function of the airway in mice was determined by phenol red method. Ciliary movement function of frog esophagus was examined by a migration method of charcoal granules. RESULTS: Liangyuan Pipagao inhibited both the citric acid-induced cough in guinea pigs and capsacin-induced cough in mice. ID(50)value 2.64 g/kg (95%Cl1.12 approximately 6.19) and 11.40 g/kg (95%Cl5.76 approximately 22.58) respectively. Further, Liangyuan Pipagao increased phenol red excretion in mice airways and stimulated ciliary action of frog esophagusin a dose-dependent fashion. ED(50) value 7.70 g/kg (95%Cl 4.62 approximately 12.83) and EC(25) value 1.07 X 10(-4) (95% Cl 0.394 approximately 2.92x10(-4)) respectively. CONCLUSION: Liangyuan Pipagao a traditional Chinese medicine may have anti-tussive as well as expectorant actions.

Objective To look into the current distribution of iodine deficiency area in Shandong province and to guide the re-defined iodine deficiency area and to supplement iodine scientifically. Methods In 2008, 100 iodine deficiency counties(cities, districts), designated in Shandong province's "to supplement iodized salt to eliminate the hazard of iodine deficiency management regulations", were selected in the study. One to three samples were collected from water source which was used by the majority of local residents in the 100 iodine deficiency places and iodine concentration was tested by As3+-Ce4+ catalyzing spectrophotometry. Results A total of 65 716 water samples were collected. Sample recovery efficiency reached 99.8%(65 572/65 716). The median water iodine was 5.57 μg/L, with 82.05%( 1097/1337 ) of the township(town) met criteria for the classification of iodine deficiency areas(water iodine ＜ 10 μg/L), 17.43%(233/1337) of the township (town) water iodine moderate(water iodine 10 - 150 μg/L), and 0.52%(7/1337)of the township(town) should be defined high iodine areas(water iodine ＞ 150 - 300 μg/L). Conclusions The iodine deficiency areas should be redefined because water iodine concentrations of iodine deficiency areas have changed. We suggest that the smallest place to supply salt with different range of iodine content is set to the township(town).

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of adiponectin (APN) on the expression of T-cadherin in cultured Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat cardiomyocytes injured by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Primary myocardial cells from neonatal rats were obtained by enzymatic digestion. The cells were divided into control group, H/R group and H/R+APN (3, 10, 20 and 30 μg/mL) groups. The H/R group was incubated in anoxic environment (anoxic solution saturated with high concentration N2) for 3 h, and then in the reoxygenation environment (the reoxygenation solution saturated with pure oxygen) for 1 h. The H/R+APN group was pretreated with different concentrations of APN for 24 h prior to the initiation of H/R. The content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by chemistry chromatometry. Cellular apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of T-cadherin was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that, compared with control group, the apoptotic rate and release of LDH were significantly increased in the H/R group, whereas the expressions of T-cad mRNA and protein were decreased. Pretreating with APN significantly and dose-dependently decreased apoptotic rate and LDH release, and up-regulated T-cad mRNA and protein level in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes under H/R conditions. These results suggest that APN may protect cardiomyocytes against H/R-induced injury by up-regulating H/R-decreased T-cad expression.
Adiponectin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxygen ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery in Jinan municipality, and to provide scientific basis for effective strategy for bacterial dysentery control.

METHODSThe epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Jinan from 1951 to 2005 were analyzed. A total of 485,333 cases in the span of 50 years were recorded, while the population-based case distribution was less than the total cases due to the data incompleteness during the Cultural Revolution.

RESULTSThe incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been decreasing by years with average incidence rate of 283.10/100,000. The significant differences were observed among the incidence rates of various ages(chi2 = 14.99, P < 0.05). There were four epidemic peaks, and all the incidence rates were about 1000/100,000. Age of onset mainly concentrated in the 0-4 years old, 20-years old and 30-years old. In terms of occupational distribution, workers accounted for 30.31%, the living-scattered children accounted for 22.71%, and the farmers accounted for 17.90%. The incidence focus was from July to September, which accounted for 71.57%. The peak of incidence emerged in August. The highest incidence in urban was 550.94/100,000.

CONCLUSIONThrough the efforts of several generations of health workers, the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been basically brought under control. Further step should be taken for the control of bacterial dysentery in urban areas and the management of bacterial dysentery in rural areas. Moreover, the biological characteristics of F2a should be a focus for the future study.

Objective To study the role of sequential cranial ultrasound (cUS) in the early prognosis of neurodevelopmental outcome in the very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight preterm infants.Method Clinical and examination data of premature infants with birth weight less than 1 500 g,who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital within 24 hours after birth from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Early cranial ultrasound refers to the cUS scans during the period of 0 to 14 days after birth.Classification was applied to the whole set of early cUS scans based on the most severe lesion observed.Index 1 was periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH),which was divided into none and grade 1 to 4 according to the severity.Index 2 was paraventricular white matter echo,which was divided into normal,slightly enhanced and significantly enhanced.The cUS scan repeated at term-equivalent age (corrected gestational age 37 ～ 44 weeks) was referred to as term cUS.Term cUS was evaluated according to paraventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and enlargement of ventricle.Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 16.0.Result A total of 200 premature infants were collected.The gestational age was (30.1 ± 1.9) weeks,and the birth weight was (1 203 ± 186) g.The median time of cUS scans during hospitalization was 3 times.The age at which the Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale was completed was (11.8 ±4.0) months,the corrected age was (9.7 ±4.0) months.The development quotient (DQ) of gross motor was lower than that of the other four items,and the difference was statistically signi icant.Analysis of data suggested that PVH-IVH grade 3 or grade 4,significantly enhanced paraventricular white matter echo found in early cUS,and PVL or enlargement of ventricle found in term cUS were all associated to lower gross motor DQ (P ＜ 0.05).PVL was also significantly correlated with lower DQ of adaptability,fine motor,language and personal-social (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared to adaptability,fine motor,language and personal-social,gross motor has the lowest DQ among very low or extremely low birth weight infants.PVH-IVH grade 3 or worse,significantly enhanced paraventricular white matter echo found in early cUS,and PVL or enlargement of ventricle found in term cUS are high risk factors for adverse outcome of gross motor.Among them,PVL found in term cUS suggests poor neurodevelopmental outcome.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of overnight arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) the first day after upper airway reconstruction surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods One hundred and thirteen subjects with OSAHS underwent revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (H-UPPP), among them, 46 subjects underwent same phase transpalatal pharyngoplasty under general anesthesia. After transfered to general ward from intensive care unit the first day after operation they received an overnight hemoglobin-oxygen saturation mornitoring. Results Twelve subjects( 10. 2% ) had lower lowest SaO2 than preoperative value. ≥ 0. 03 oxygen desaturation index ( ODI3 ) decreased in an median of 36. 9 [ 16. 9; 52. 2 ] events/hour compared with preoperative values ( Z =-9.221, P ＜0.001). One subjects(0.8%) had increased ODI3. No hemorrhages, cardiovascular complications or airway obstruction occurred. The subjects with any two of the following conditions ( n =51 )had lower average SaO2, lowest SaO2 and higher ODI3 than the others ( n = 62, Z were - 3. 084, - 4. 083and -4.593, P＜0. 001). The three subjects were:(1) BMI≥27.0 kg/m2; (2) Lowest SaO2 ＜0.600;(3) AHI≥60. 0 events/h. Conclusions Some OSAHS patients had a decreased LSaO2 than preoperative values the first day after operation. As part of a patient safety initiative, SaO2 monitoring for those who have high risk for hypoxemia is necessary.