Objectives: To determine the association of students’ perception of schooling with externalizing/internalizing scores; and to examine the different perceptions related to truancy. Methods: A total of 373 predominantly 16 year-old students attending three high risk schools in Pudu, Kuala Lumpur completed the questionnaires on schooling variables (four items) and externalizing/internalizing syndromes (Youth Self-Report, 112 items). Results: Certain negative perceptions (uncertainty of the schooling purpose, thinking schooling as time wasting) were significantly associated with higher internalizing (p<0.05), externalizing (p<0.005) and total problem (p<0.005) scores. Truants were significantly associated with disliking school (OR=2.52, 95% CI=1.01-6.20), lower educational goals (OR=2.03, 95% CI=1.18-3.49) and uncertainty of the schooling purpose (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.47-6.67). Among truants, those who thought schooling as time wasting scored significantly higher on externalizing (p<0.005) and total problems (p<0.005). Conclusions: Certain negative perceptions of schooling are associated with self-reported emotional/behavioral problems and truancy. Positive schooling experience may correct schooling misperceptions and solve related emotional and behavioural problems.

Objectives: To determine the association of students’ perception of schooling with externalizing/ internalizing scores; and to examine the different perceptions related to truancy. Methods: A total of 373 predominantly 16 year-old students attending three high risk schools in Pudu, Kuala Lumpur completed the questionnaires on schooling variables (four items) and externalizing/ internalizing syndromes (Youth Self-Report, 112 items). Results: Certain negative perceptions (uncertainty of the schooling purpose, thinking schooling as time wasting) were significantly associated with higher internalizing (p<0.05), externalizing (p<0.005) and total problem (p<0.005) scores. Truants were significantly associated with disliking school (OR=2.52, 95% CI=1.01-6.20), lower educational goals (OR=2.03, 95% CI=1.18-3.49) and uncertainty of the schooling purpose (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.47-6.67). Among truants, those who thought schooling as time wasting scored significantly higher on externalizing (p<0.005) and total problems (p<0.005). Conclusions: Certain negative perceptions of schooling are associated with self-reported emotional/behavioral problems and truancy. Positive schooling experience may correct schooling misperceptions and solve related emotional and behavioural problems.

OBJECTIVE: Anemia is a common public health concern in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anemia among patients with diabetes. METHODS: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar, were searched systematically for studies published between 2010 and 2021. After removing duplicates and inappropriate reports, the remaining manuscripts were reviewed and appraised using theNewcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of the extracted data using Stata version 17. Heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the Q statistic. RESULTS: A total of 51 articles containing information on 26,485 patients with diabetes were included in this study. The articles were mainly from Asia (58.82%) and Africa (35.29%). The overall prevalence of anemia was 35.45% (95% CI: 30.30-40.76), with no evidence of heterogeneity by sex. Among the two continents with the highest number of studies, the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes was significantly higher in Asia [40.02; 95% CI: 32.72-47.54] compared to Africa [28.46; 95% CI: 21.90-35.50] ( P for heterogeneity = 0.029). Moreover, there has been an increasing trend in the prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes over time, from [15.28; 95% CI: 9.83-22.21] in 2012 to [40.70; 95% CI: 10.21-75.93] in 2022. CONCLUSION Globally, approximately 4 in 10 patients with diabetes suffer from anemia. Therefore, routine anemia screening and control programs every 3 months might be useful in improving the quality of life of these patients.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications* ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Anemia/etiology* ; Asia/epidemiology*