PURPOSE: It is important to have the epidemiologic data of rotavirus serotypes for the application of polyvalent rotavirus vaccines. Epidemiological studies of rotavirus serotypes in Korea have been reported only in limited areas with small number of cases. Authors tried to investigate the distribution of rotavirus G serotypes in ChungJu area with RT-PCR. METHOD: Stool specimens were collected from 202 children with acute diarrheal symptoms, who admitted to or visited Kon-Kuk University Hospital in ChungJu from June 1998 to May 1999. Samples were screened for rotavirus with EIA method (TestPack Rotavirus, Abbott Laboratories) and rotavirus G Serotypes were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Rotavirus was positive in 46.6%. The incidence of G serotypes was as follows; G1 10%, G2 10%, G3 28%, G4 26%, and G9 20%. There were three cases of multiple serotypes; G1 with G9, G2 with G9, and G4 with G9. Serotype of G8 was not found. CONCLUSION: The proportion of G serotypes in ChungJu is much different from previous reports. Serotype of G9 was found which had not been reported in Korean children till now. Long term plans for the investigation of rotavirus serotypes must be needed in wide area.
Child ; Chungcheongbuk-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Rotavirus*

Background: Rota vaccine is used to prevent diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Two vaccines are being used in developed countries: Rotarix (GSK) and RotaTeq (Merk). Rotarix vaccine was produced from master seed G1P8 and RotaTeq vaccine was from the coordination of human rotavirus strains G1, G2, G3, G4 and cow rotavirus strain. Thanks to the help of WHO, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Technology, Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi made study of creating rotavirus master seed G4P6 for Rota vaccine production in Vietnam. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and potency of rotavirus master seed G4P6 in the laboratory and experimental animals. Subjects and method: Rotavirus master seed G4P6 (2001019203) lot 1 (MS-PL5) and lot 2 (MS-PL5) produced in 2005, preserved at -800C were determined potency by Immunofluorescence (IF) method and tested for safety on rabits and rats. Results:2 lots of Rotavirus master seed G4P6 that had been produced in Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi had high titre and safety in the laboratory and experimental animals. Conclusion: The results were the basis of Rota vaccine production in Vietnam.
Rotavirus/ isolation & ; purification ; Rotavirus Vaccines/ isolation & ; purification ; contraindications

Background: Rota vaccine is used to prevent diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Two vaccines are being used in developed countries: Rotarix (GSK) and RotaTeq (Merk). Rotarix vaccine was produced from master seed G1P8 and RotaTeq vaccine was from the coordination of human rotavirus strains G1, G2, G3, G4 and cow rotavirus strain.Thanks to the helps of WHO, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Technology, Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi made study of creating rotavirus master seed G1P4 for Rota vaccine production in Vietnam. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and potency of rotavirus master seed G1P4 in the laboratory and experimental animals. Subjects and method: Rotavirus master seed G1P4 (2001019210) lot 1 (MS-P5) and lot 2 (MS-P5) produced in 2005, preserved at -800C were determined potency by Immunofluorescence (IF) method and tested for safety on rabits and rats. Results:2 lots of Rotavirus master seed G1P4 that had been produced in Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi had high titre and safety in the laboratory and experimental animals. Conclusion: The result was the basis of Rota vaccine production in Vietnam.
Rotavirus/ diagnostic use ; Rotavirus Vaccines/ isolation & ; purification ; contraindications

Background: Vero cell (ATCC) is from kidney of Blue Monkey in Africa. Because of its strong points such as non tumor form, non exotic virus infection, this cell strain is commonly used for vaccin development in the world. Objective: To determine the quality of vero cell supplying by Japan Polio-myelitis Research Center and WHO vero cell supplying by the Company for Vaccine and Biological Production No.1 in use for develop rota vaccine. Subjects and method:A study was conducted in 2 kinds of vero cell (one ATCC 134 generation supplying by Japan Polio-myelitis Research Center and another WHO ATTC 137 generation supplying by the Company for Vaccine and Biological Production No.1) using standard methods. Results and Conclusion: Both these ATCCs had no exotic agents in generation from 134 to 137. The vero working cell bank for vaccine development has been established by the POLYVAC by using standard methods, in accordance with the WHO regulations. The vero working cells established by POLYVAC had the same quality as that of Vabiotech cell bank. Rota virus strains multiplied well on WHO ATTC 137 generation and ATCC 134 generation supplying by Japan Polio-myelitis Research Center.
Vero Cells/ drug effects ; Rotavirus Vaccines ;

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus infects every child at least once by her/his 5(th) birthday. It has been known that single episode of rotavirus infection can protect or alleviate subsequent illness caused by both homotypic and heterotypic rotaviruses. There are two currently licensed rotavirus vaccines. One is human-bovine rotavirus reassortant pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq(TM)), which contains five reassortant rotavirus (expressing protein G1, G2, G3, G4 and P[8]) and was licensed in Korea for use among infants in 2007. Another is live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix(TM)) derived from 89-12 strain which represents the most common of the human rotavirus VP7(G1) and VP4(P[8]) antigens. Rotarix(TM) was licensed in Korea in 2008. Both live oral rotavirus vaccines are efficacious in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Child ; Diarrhea ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Sprains and Strains

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiological trend of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (RV-AGE) in children. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in patients (1 month to 18 years of age) with acute gastroenteritis at KEPCO Medical Center from September 2004 to August 2013. Comparative analyses were performed based on periods: pre-vaccine (2004-2006) and post-vaccine (2008-2012) in all patients; 2004-2006 (period A), 2007-2009 (period B) and 2010-2012 (period C) in patients under 5 years of age. RESULTS: Proportion of RV-AGE decreased from 25.0% (337/1,346) in pre-vaccine period to 20.8% (459/2,210) in post-vaccine period (rate ratio (RR), 0.83 [95% CI, 0.73-0.93]; P=0.0029). The median age of patients with RV-AGE in post-vaccine period (2.6 years) was significantly (P<0.0001) higher than that in pre-vaccine period (1.6 years). In patients hospitalized with AGE, proportion of RV-AGE was significantly reduced in patients 6 to 23 months old (RR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51-0.75]; P<0.0001). Significant decline in proportion of RV-AGE was observed in patients under 5 years of age: period A, 26.9% (308/1,144); period B, 22.7% (295/1,299); period C, 20.6% (186/902) (P=0.0007). After the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, a significant decreasing trend of RV-AGE proportion was observed in patients 6 to 11 months old (P=0.0018) and 12 to 23 months old (P=0.0152). CONCLUSION: Decrease in RV-AGE proportion and increase in age of patients with RV-AGE were observed after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in this single center study. Continued and systematic surveillance is needed to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine.
Child* ; Epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Rotavirus*

Asia ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; immunology

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. The first licensed rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) was withdrawn in 1999 because of its association with intussusception. Two recent large clinical trials of two new rotavirus vaccines (5-valent rotavirus vaccine and monovalent rotavirus vaccine) showed 90~95% efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. There was no evidence of increased rates of intussusception with theses two vaccines. One of the two vaccines has been introduced into the childhood vaccination schedule in some countries. Five-valent rotavirus vaccine is licensed in Korea in June 2007. This review is focused on the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of 5-valent rotavirus vaccine and provides the methods of immunization of 5-valent rotavirus vaccine.
Appointments and Schedules ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Immunization ; Intussusception ; Korea ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is among the leading causes of severe gastroenteritis in children. Effective vaccines enable universal mass vaccination (UMV) which incurs high expenditure and therefore economic justification is needed.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of UMV with Rotarix ® versus no vaccination program in the Philippines.

METHODS: A four-state decision tree model was used to estimate costs and health outcomes subject to annual discount rate of 3.5% Local and international published data and experts opinions were used for epidemiology, efficacy and resource use input parameters. Analyses were reported as estimated total costs, quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in Philippines Peso (PHP) per QALY gained between rotavirus UMV and no vaccination.

RESULTS: From a payer (societal) perspective, the ICER is PHP 12, 835/QALY (PHP12,059/QALY). Sensitivity analyses showed the ICERs below PHP 80,000/QALY, well below 1 time 2012 GDP per capita at PHP 103,366 with the main drivers of uncertainty being the probabilities of mild and moderate diarrhoea and vaccine costs

CONCLUSION: Rotavirus UMV reduces both health and economic burden of rotavirus induced gastroenteritis. Based on the WHO's recommended thresholds, Rotarix® vaccination is projected to be very cost-effective in the Philippines in comparison with no vaccination.

Human ; Child Preschool ; Infant ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Vaccination ; Rotavirus ; viruses ; Gastroenteritis ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines

The development and introduction of rotavirus vaccines into global immunization programs has been a high priority for many international immunization agencies. Vaccine development was started with animal rotaviruses which can be distinguished from human strains on the bases of type specific surface antigens. Bovine (WC3), rhesus (RRV), and lamb (LLR) rotaviruses were the potential candidates for vaccine development. They established the efficacy of animal rotavirus vaccines in infants against severe rotavirus diarrhea, but failed to show consistent efficacy in other trials. Animal rotavirus vaccines were improved by the development of animal-human reassortant vaccines containing the attenuation properties of animal strains and individual genes encoding the outer capsid proteins of human strains. Attenuated human rotavirus vaccine development was designed based on the results of extensive studies on natural rotavirus infections conferring the protection against subsequent infections and reduction of diarrhea severity and heterotypic protections. RIX4414 was a potential candidate for attenuated human rotavirus vaccine. Two live oral rotavirus vaccines are currently licensed in many countries; Rota-Teq(MSD) combines bovine(WC3)-human reassortant strains containing five human serotypes. Rotarix(GSK) is derived from the attenuated human rotavirus strain(RIX4414). Each vaccine has proven highly effective in preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in children and safe from the possible complication of intussusceptions.
Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Capsid Proteins ; Child ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Vaccines