No abstract available.
Humans* ; Rotavirus Infections* ; Rotavirus*

Epidemiological surveillance of rota virus diarrhoea in Vietnam during the period from August 1998 to December 2002
Diarrhea ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections

It has long been known that lactoferrin prevents human beings from infection of virus. To prove this activity of lactoferrin, we evaluated the activities of different lactoferrins to an isolate human rotavirus K-21. Bovine lactoferrin inhibited infection of K-21 to MA-104 cell at the concentration of 25.9 microM whereas bovine hydrolysed lactoferrin prevented rotavirus infection at 103.8 microM. However human lactoferrin prevented infection of K-21 at the concentration of 217.5 microM. These data suggested that lactoferrin activity may be unaffected by the intestinal digestive enzymes and bovine lactoferrin is more active than human lactoferrin with respect to prevention of rotavirus infection.
Humans* ; Lactoferrin* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus*

It has long been known that lactoferrin prevents human beings from infection of virus. To prove this activity of lactoferrin, we evaluated the activities of different lactoferrins to an isolate human rotavirus K-21. Bovine lactoferrin inhibited infection of K-21 to MA-104 cell at the concentration of 25.9 microM whereas bovine hydrolysed lactoferrin prevented rotavirus infection at 103.8 microM. However human lactoferrin prevented infection of K-21 at the concentration of 217.5 microM. These data suggested that lactoferrin activity may be unaffected by the intestinal digestive enzymes and bovine lactoferrin is more active than human lactoferrin with respect to prevention of rotavirus infection.
Humans* ; Lactoferrin* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiological trend of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (RV-AGE) in children. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in patients (1 month to 18 years of age) with acute gastroenteritis at KEPCO Medical Center from September 2004 to August 2013. Comparative analyses were performed based on periods: pre-vaccine (2004-2006) and post-vaccine (2008-2012) in all patients; 2004-2006 (period A), 2007-2009 (period B) and 2010-2012 (period C) in patients under 5 years of age. RESULTS: Proportion of RV-AGE decreased from 25.0% (337/1,346) in pre-vaccine period to 20.8% (459/2,210) in post-vaccine period (rate ratio (RR), 0.83 [95% CI, 0.73-0.93]; P=0.0029). The median age of patients with RV-AGE in post-vaccine period (2.6 years) was significantly (P<0.0001) higher than that in pre-vaccine period (1.6 years). In patients hospitalized with AGE, proportion of RV-AGE was significantly reduced in patients 6 to 23 months old (RR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51-0.75]; P<0.0001). Significant decline in proportion of RV-AGE was observed in patients under 5 years of age: period A, 26.9% (308/1,144); period B, 22.7% (295/1,299); period C, 20.6% (186/902) (P=0.0007). After the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, a significant decreasing trend of RV-AGE proportion was observed in patients 6 to 11 months old (P=0.0018) and 12 to 23 months old (P=0.0152). CONCLUSION: Decrease in RV-AGE proportion and increase in age of patients with RV-AGE were observed after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in this single center study. Continued and systematic surveillance is needed to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine.
Child* ; Epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Rotavirus*

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus infects every child at least once by her/his 5(th) birthday. It has been known that single episode of rotavirus infection can protect or alleviate subsequent illness caused by both homotypic and heterotypic rotaviruses. There are two currently licensed rotavirus vaccines. One is human-bovine rotavirus reassortant pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq(TM)), which contains five reassortant rotavirus (expressing protein G1, G2, G3, G4 and P[8]) and was licensed in Korea for use among infants in 2007. Another is live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix(TM)) derived from 89-12 strain which represents the most common of the human rotavirus VP7(G1) and VP4(P[8]) antigens. Rotarix(TM) was licensed in Korea in 2008. Both live oral rotavirus vaccines are efficacious in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Child ; Diarrhea ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Sprains and Strains

Asia ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; immunology

Child ; Humans ; Rotavirus Infections ; virology ; Viremia

Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Norovirus ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology

The development and introduction of rotavirus vaccines into global immunization programs has been a high priority for many international immunization agencies. Vaccine development was started with animal rotaviruses which can be distinguished from human strains on the bases of type specific surface antigens. Bovine (WC3), rhesus (RRV), and lamb (LLR) rotaviruses were the potential candidates for vaccine development. They established the efficacy of animal rotavirus vaccines in infants against severe rotavirus diarrhea, but failed to show consistent efficacy in other trials. Animal rotavirus vaccines were improved by the development of animal-human reassortant vaccines containing the attenuation properties of animal strains and individual genes encoding the outer capsid proteins of human strains. Attenuated human rotavirus vaccine development was designed based on the results of extensive studies on natural rotavirus infections conferring the protection against subsequent infections and reduction of diarrhea severity and heterotypic protections. RIX4414 was a potential candidate for attenuated human rotavirus vaccine. Two live oral rotavirus vaccines are currently licensed in many countries; Rota-Teq(MSD) combines bovine(WC3)-human reassortant strains containing five human serotypes. Rotarix(GSK) is derived from the attenuated human rotavirus strain(RIX4414). Each vaccine has proven highly effective in preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in children and safe from the possible complication of intussusceptions.
Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Capsid Proteins ; Child ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Vaccines