Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Norovirus ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology

Asia ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; immunology

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemic of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection among children treated at the Beijing Friendship Hospital in a period of 2 years.

METHODSStool samples were collected from 972 diarrheic children from January 2010 to January 2012. The antigen of rotavirus was detected by the gold imunochromatography assay (GICA).

RESULTAmong the samples studied, 370 out of 972 cases (38.1%) were positive for rotavirus antigen. The ratio of infected boys and girls was 2.14:1. Most infected children (91.4%) were under the age of two. The viral infection takes place all year round but breaks out mainly within a cold season that lasts from October through March, with a peak in November and December. Even in the spring and summer, however, its prevalence rates were quite significant among the children with diarrhea, ranging from 11.1% to 41.7%.

CONCLUSIONIn Beijing area, rotavirus is the major etiologic cause of diarrhea in children, especially in those under the age of 2. The peak prevalence occurs at any given time during the late fall and early spring seasons. It is necessary, therefore, to strengthen the surveillance of rotavirus infection in the spring and summer seasons in order not only to predict and prevent a potential outbreak in the end of the year, but also collect and provide more dynamic data for the further epidemiologic research of rotavirus diarrhea in the children.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Seasons

China ; epidemiology ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the annual incidence rate of intussusception over a 5-year period in Suzhou and to determine whether there was a potential link between intussusception rotavirus diarrhea.

METHODSOutpatient and inpatient data from 1999 through 2003 retrospectively were reviewed for young children (< 2 year old) whose diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography or radiography and patients were reduced by air enema or surgery. From September 2001, to August 2003, inpatients with diarrhea (< 2 year old) were detected rotavirus antigen in the stool by ELISA technology.

RESULTSFrom 1999 through 2003, 1101 cases were reported in children below 2 years old. The incidence rate of intussusception under 1 year age each year was 275.3, 338.2, 547.0, 515.3, and 425.4 per 100,000 child years respectively (the average annual incidence was 418.1 per 100,000 child years), and the incidence of intussusception increased over time from 1999 to 2003. A peak age distribution of intussusception was infants 4 to 10 months old (692/1101, 62.85%) and mean age was 9.62 +/- 5.65 months, which were greatly different from those of patients with rotavirus diarrhea, whose peak age distribution was 5 to 16 months old (252/331, 76.13%), and mean age was 11.42 +/- 5.14 months (Z = 6.90, P < 0.01). The peak month distribution of intussusception was from April to August (595/1101, 54.04%), which was distinct from that of patient with rotavirus diarrhea, whose peak month distribution was between October and January (232/331, 70.09%). Test: chi2 = 226.06, P < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONThe annual incidence rate of intussusception for < 1 year of age was 418.1 per 100,000 child years in Suzhou. We found no epidemiologic evidence for an association between intussusception and rotavirus diarrhea.

Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intussusception ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of diarrheal disease among children under 5 years of age in Guangdong province, in 2012.

METHODS64 hospitals in 21 cities were chosen as the diarrheal syndromic surveillance sites, of which 14 hospitals were selected to carry out etiological surveillance among children under 5 years of age, including isolation and culture of both Vibrio cholera and Shigella as well as nucleic acid detection of rotavirus and norovirus by PCR. Descriptive method was used to analyze data from syndromic and etiological surveillance programs on diarrheal, from 1932 parents of the children.

RESULTSIn 2012, the outpatient attendance rate on diarrheal among children under 5 years was 0.8%. The proportion of diarrheal in children under 5-year-olds was 63.5%, among the total number of diarrheal outpatients at the outpatient clinics under surveillance program. The morbidity of infectious diarrhea was 1454.5/10 million in children under 5 years of age. A total number of 1932 specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age, in the outpatient department. Among these specimens,Vibrio cholera appeared all negative but one was Shigella positive and proved to be Sh. sonnei. The positive rates of rotavirus and norovirus were 14.1% (273/1932)and 16.9% (326/1932). Both rotavirus and norovirus were found in 24 specimens, with a positive rate as 1.2% . 112 specimens were successfully gene sequenced for rotavirus, of which 33.9% as G1[P8] genotype, 25.9% as G9[P8], 12.5% as G2[P4] and 9.8% as G3[P8] respectively. 90 specimens were successfully gene-sequenced for norovirus, of which 76.7% as G II.4 genotype. Genetic subtypes of G II. 4/2006b, accounted for 50.0% and could be detected around the year except for June and December. New G II. 4/Sydney Strain_2012 was first detected in August and became the predominant in December. In addition, 5 specimens belonged to G I genotype with other 16 subtypes of G II.

CONCLUSIONResults from our study proved that children under 5 years of age belonged to high-risk group for diarrheal disease in Guangdong province. Rotavirus and norovirus were both diverse in terms of genome.

Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology

Acute Disease ; epidemiology ; Adenovirus Infections, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology