Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Norovirus ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology

Asia ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; immunology

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics

China ; epidemiology ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Acute Disease ; epidemiology ; Adenovirus Infections, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

P[8]b is a newly discovered sub-genotype for VP4 gene of group A human rotaviruses (HRV) worldwide. This study was to develop an effective method to identify P[8]a, P[8]b, P[4] and P[6] (sub) genotypes of VP4 genes of HRV and to investigate the prevalence of P[8]b sub-genotype and its G/P combinations of HRV in outpatient and inpatient children with diarrhea in Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from 2009 to 2010. By analyzing the collected nucleotide sequences of VP4 gene for all known P genotypes of HRV including P[8]b subtype from GenBank and using softwares of DNAS-tar and MegAlign to align and analyze multiple sequences, probes for P[8]a, P[8]b, P[4] and P[6] (sub) genotypes in the corresponding regions which are highly divergent among genes from different genotypes and conserved within genes of VP4s in same genotypes were designed. Then four sets of primers for PCR amplified DIG labeled probes were designed and corresponding DIG-labeled specific P genotype probes were synthesized with PCR by using VP8* genes of Beijing field HRV strains representing P-genotypes P[8]a, P[8]b, P[4] and P[6], respectively, as templates. Dot-blot hybridization was developed based on cDNA of VP4 genes. The dot-blot hybridization assay for P genotyping was reliable which was confirmed by sequencing of RT-PCR products of VP4 genes amplified from corresponding clinical samples. P genotyping for VP4 genes from 88 HRV positive specimens from the Outpatient Department (55%, 88/160) and 79 HRV positive specimens from the hospitalized (70.5%, 79/112) children with diarrhea indicated that P[8] a subtype was still the most prevalent sub-genotype, which was 96.6% (85/88) and 62.0% (49/79) respectively. The positive rate for P[8]b subtypes in hospitalized children with HRV diarrhea was higher (27.9%, 22/79) than that of in outpatient (2.3%, 2/88) HRV infected children. HRV with P[4] genotype was only found in one of the hospitalized children (1.3%, 1/79), and HRV with P[6] genotype was not detected from specimens either from outpatient or inpatient. G9P[8]b was the predominant combination among the P[8]b subtype of HRV positive specimens in this study. The results in this study indicated that G9P[8]b HRV circulated in children with diarrhea in Beijing.
Base Sequence ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Currently, there are a few reports on viral coinfection that causes an acute watery diarrhea in Korean children. So, to evaluate the features of coinfectious viral agents in children with acute watery diarrhea, we enrolled 155 children with acute watery diarrhea from July 2005 to June 2006. Fecal samples were collected and evaluated for various viral infections such as rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. The mean (+/-standard deviation) age of the children was 2.71+/-2.37 yr. The detection rate of viral agents was most common in children between the ages of 1 and 3 yr. Rotavirus was detected in 63 children (41.3%), norovirus in 56 (36.2%), adenovirus in 11 (7.1%), and astrovirus in 1 (0.6%). Regarding rotavirus, there were 38 (60.3%) cases with monoinfection and 25 (39.7%) with coinfection. For norovirus, there were 33 (58.9%) cases with monoinfection and 23 (41.1%) with coinfection. Coinfection with rotavirus and norovirus was most common, and occurred in 20/155 cases (12.9%) including coinfection with adenovirus. So, rotavirus and norovirus were the most common coinfectious viral agents in our study population with acute watery diarrhea.
Acute Disease ; Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology ; Astroviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea/epidemiology/*virology ; Feces/virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea/epidemiology ; Norovirus/isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/complications/*epidemiology/virology

From November 2008 to January 2009, a sharp increase of diarrhea in children in Guangdong province appeared, we randomly collected 53 stool specimens from out-patient children with dirrhea in 3 major hospitals (Guangzhou City Children's Hospital, Shenzhen Baoan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University). Rotavirus and calicivirus were screened by ELISA and RT-PCR. We found 29 cases of rotavirus infection with diverse serotypes. Only four cases were identified as calicivirus infection. The result indicated that rotavirus was a major pathogen of this high incidence of diarrhea from November 2008 to January 2009 in Guangdong Province.
Age Distribution ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Serotyping