Introduction: Rotator cuff tears are one of the common etiologies of shoulder pain. Rotator cuff repair is recommended for a patient who failed conservative treatment. Proper knowledge of the rotator cuff footprint is needed in restoring correct anatomy during the repair. The size of the footprint is important in determining the kind of repair. Objective: This study aimed to define the average measurements of the rotator cuff footprint on the humerus in Filipino cadavers. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study of preserved human cadaver upper extremity specimens. We measured the length, width, and shape of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor. Results: We obtained 27 upper extremity specimens. The median age of the source cadavers was 50.5 years with the equal male-to-female distribution. The mean measurement of the supraspinatus is 22.92 mm in length and 10.17 mm in width. The shape of the supraspinatus was found to be trapezoidal. The infraspinatus length was found to be 17.20 mm and the width at 10.72 mm. Its shape was found to be trapezoidal. The teres minor length was measured at 15.15 mm and the width at 11.04 mm. The shape was mostly trapezoidal but some were triangular. Finally, the subscapularis length was 17.68 mm while the width was 11.26 mm. The shape was trapezoidal or comma-shaped. Conclusion The average measurement of the rotator cuff footprint was found to be smaller in our study than reported in terms of length and width. The footprint shape was similar to the studies reported.
Rotator Cuff

Ideal rotator cuff repair is to maintain high fixation strength and minimize gap formation for optimizing the environment of biologic healing of tendon to bone. Among the current repair techniques, the suture bridge technique is superior to single- or double-row repair in ultimate load to failure, gap formation, restoring anatomical footprint and achieving pressurized contact area. The suture bridge technique also minimizes gap formation and has rotational and torsional resistances allowing early rehabilitation. However, despite superior biomechanical characteristics of the suture bridge technique, there is no evidence that these mechanical advantages result in better clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there is no difference in failure rates between the double-row repair and suture bridge techniques. An appropriate repair technique should be determined based on tear size and pattern and tendon quality.
Rotator Cuff ; Sutures ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Rotator Cuff* ; Tears*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Rotator Cuff*

Compared to single row repair, use of lateral row anchors in suture bridge rotator cuff repair enhances repair strength and increases footprint contact area. If a lateral knotless anchor (push-in design) is inserted into osteoporotic bone, pull-out of the lateral row anchor can developed. However, failures of lateral row anchors have been reported at several months after surgery. In our cases, even though complete cuff healing occurred, delayed pull-out of the lateral row anchor in the suture bridge repair occurred. In comparison to a conventional medial anchor, further biomechanical evaluation of the pull-out force, design, and insertion angle of the lateral anchor is needed in future studies. We report three cases with delayed pull-out of lateral row anchor in suture bridge rotator cuff repair with a literature review.
Rotator Cuff ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Rotator Cuff* ; Ultrasonography*

Rotator cuff injury and impingement syndrome have been thought to be related to the structure of acromion, such as subacromial distance, acromial type, acromial spur and acromial angle. Evaluation was done in 90 normal shoulders without impingement or rotator cuff injury, using shoulder X-ray series, composed of AP view, impingement view, and arch view. As results, 52(52.8%) of them had subacromial spur by the impingement views. The spur size was 12.4+/-4.5 mm and increased with age without statistical significance(p>0.05). The subacromial distance was 11.1+/-2.2 mm in AP view and 10.4+/-1.9 mm in arch view without statistical difference for age and sex(p>0.05). Among 90 normal shoulders, the acromion was quite often curved Type II, 51.1%, type I, 22.2%, and type III 26.7%. Mean acromial angle was 29.1 degrees in arch view and increased with age(p<0.05). Mean acromial tilt was 31.8 degrees without significant difference for age and sex(p>0.05). These results suggest their clinical relevance to the impingement syndrome and the rotator cuff injury.
Acromion ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder*

No abstract available.
Muscles ; Rotator Cuff

No abstract available.
Rotator Cuff ; Tears

Introduction: Rotator cuff (RC) tears account for about 20% of RC disorders and presents with severe shoulder pain that can significantly impact activities of daily life. Case report: A 34-year-old male with a history of chronic right shoulder pain presents with tenderness at the lateral shoulder, positive subacromial impingement tests, painful end range of motion and pain score of 6. Ultrasound shows a partial supraspinatus tear at the bursal side. The patient was treated with 15% dextrose to the supraspinatus tendon intrasubstance 3 times, for 4 weeks. Result: Significant pain improvement after the first treatment (VAS 1), with pain-free full range of motion until 4 weeks after treatment and sonographic evidence of supraspinatus tendon healing. Discussion: Dextrose concentrations higher than 12.5% produce an osmotic gradient which stimulates the accumulation of growth factors and inflammatory cells, which in turn can initiate the wound healing process. In this case we can find that the healing process translates to good clinical outcome by ultrasound imaging. Conclusion Dextrose prolotherapy can be used as an option for supraspinatus tendon partial tear with good results.
Rotator Cuff|prolotherapy