Objective To analyze the drug resistance phenotype and genetic background of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing bacterial strains in Lishui area of Zhejiang province.Methods The imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from January 2012 to December 2016 in Lishui Municipal Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province.Mrieux Vitek 2 Compact system was used to identified strains and PCR was used to screen for blaNDMgene.Susceptibility was detected by K-B method and MICs were obtained by Vitek 2 with GN13 cards.Plasmids typing was carried out by DNA sequencing of the replication initiator with the transconjugates as templates.The blaNDMgenetic contexts were detected by PCR and complete genome sequencing.Results A total of 102 strains of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria (CRE), mainly Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae, were isolated, of which 15 were positive for blaNDMwith a positive detection rate of 14.7%.The resistance rate to β-lactam antibiotics was 100%, and the resistance rates to aztreonam, compound sulfamethoxazole , tobramycin and gentamicin were all ＞80%;and the resistance rate to quinolones was ＞50%.Among the 15 NDM-producing strains , 12 strains were positive for Hodge test, and 2 strains of Enterobacter cloacae and 1 strain of Escherichia coli were negative. There were 11 strains of blaNDM-1and 4 strains of blaNDM-1.A variety of plasmid types such as IncX 3, IncFIIγ and IncA/C were detected, and 4 blaNDM-5genes were located in the IncX3 plasmid.Four blaNDMsurrounding gene structures were found, of which 8 blaNDM-1genes were located in ISAb125-hyp-blaNDM-1-bleMBL-TrpF-DsbC-IS26, while blaNDM-5was located in IS3000-IS5-blaNDM-5-bleMBL-TrpF-DsbC-IS26 structure, and the former was reported for the first time in China.Conclusion NDM-producing bacterial strains in Lishui area are prevalent at a low level and have high sensitivity to fosfomycin and polymyxin .The blaNDMgene may have multiple sources, but IncX3 plasmid is still the main source for gene transfer.Some new types of blaNDM-1 gene structure have been also found in this study.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of bla_KPC gene in Lishui and to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) bla_KPC gene. Methods: From 2010 to 2016, all of the non-repetitive K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing isolates in Lishui Municipal Central Hospital were collected. They were identified with VITEK 2 Compact system and typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Plasmids were classified based on the DNA sequences of replication initiators. Transposons were detected by PCR. Locations of bla_KPC gene were verified through complete sequencing of the plasmids by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: A total of 125 strains were collected. K. pneumoniae strains accounted for 88.8% (111) and among them, 103 were ST11 type. IncF plasmids were detected in 48.6% of K. pneumoniae strains and most of them carried mutant Tn1721/Tn4401 chimera (48/54 isolates). Untypable plasmids were discovered in 50.5% of isolated strains and most of them were positive for the wild-type chimera (54/56 isolates). IncF-positive strains isolated during the period of 2011 and 2013 accounted for 94.4%, followed by a dramatic decrease. However, 76.8% of the strains harboring untypable plasmids were isolated from 2014 to 2016 and the number increased year by year. Conclusion K. pneumoniae of ST11 type was the main cause of bla_KPC gene dissemination in Lishui area. Strains carrying the IncF plasmids integrated with the mutant Tn1721/Tn4401 chimera and the untypable plasmids with the wild-type chimera were prevalent before and after 2014, respectively.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Feixin Decoction(Astragali Radix,Pericae Semen,Carthami Flos,Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,etc.)on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)rats based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ/nuclear factor-κB(PPAR-γ/NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Sildenafil group(0.025 g·kg-1)and low-,medium-and high-dose of Feixin Decoction groups(11.7,23.4,46.8 g·kg-1).PAH rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline solution(60 mg·kg-1).After 1 hour of modeling,the rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 28 days.Hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters including right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI),pulmonary artery acceleration time(PAAT),pulmonary artery ejection time(PET),tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE),right ventricular internal diameter(RVIDd)and right ventricular anterior wall thickness(RVAWT)were measured in each group.The pathological changes of pulmonary arterioles were observed by HE staining.The expression level of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in rat pulmonary artery was detected by immunofluorescence.The levels of plasma interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by ELISA.The expression levels of PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the RVSP,mPAP,RVHI,RVIDd and RVAWT of the model group were significantly increased(P＜0.01).PAAT,PAAT/PET and TAPSE were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The wall of pulmonary arterioles was significantly thickened,and the percentage of wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles to vascular diameter and the percentage of vascular wall area to total cross-sectional area of pulmonary arterioles were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of α-SMA protein in pulmonary artery was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The levels of plasma IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of PPAR-γ protein in lung tissue was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the positive expression rate of NF-κB protein was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The protein expressions of PPAR-γ and IκB-α in lung tissue were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01).The protein expression ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,RVSP,mPAP,RVHI,RVIDd and RVAWT in each administration group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while PAAT,PAAT/PET and TAPSE were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The thickness of the vascular wall was significantly reduced,and the percentage of the wall thickness of the pulmonary arterioles to the diameter of the blood vessels and the percentage of the vascular wall area to the total cross-sectional area of the small arteries were significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of α-SMA protein in pulmonary artery was significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The plasma levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The positive expression rate of PPAR-γ protein in lung tissue was significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the positive expression rate of NF-κB protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The protein expression of PPAR-γ in lung tissue was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the protein expression ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The protein expression of IκB-α in the lung tissue of rats in the high-dose group of Feixin Decoction was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01).Conclusion Feixin Decoction can improve pulmonary artery pressure,right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH rats induced by monocrotaline.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammatory response.

OBJECTIVE：To estab lish“TCM Data Analysis Platform Based on Strategy Pattern ”（TCMDP），and to analyze the medication rules of TCM prescription against primary hepatic carcinoma （PHC），so as to provide reference for TCM prescription screening. METHODS ：According to the idea of strategy pattern ，TCMDP software was developed ，and the frequency statistics，association，clustering，classification and other methods and the different algorithms covered were encapsulated. Effective TCM prescriptions against PHC were collected and screened from 4 tertiary-grade class-A hospitals in Nanchang city and CNKI ， PubMed. A database of prescriptions for PHC （PDOPHC）was established ，and TCM prescriptions in the data base were put into TCMDP. Clustering algorithm modified by CMC-DD ，modified WD-Get Rules algorithm after merging depth and width search and frequency statistics were used to analyze the distribution of prescription syndrome. Taking phlegm-blood stasis syndrome type （TYPHC）as example ，data mining was carried out on drug efficacy category ，four properties ，five flavors and channel tropism ， drug property combination ，key couplet medicines and key drug combination. RESULTS ：A total of 907 TCM prescriptions against PHC were collected ，mainly involving 10 syndrome types ，such as phlegm-blood stasis syndrome ，deficiency of the vital essential and blood stasis syndrome and liver and spleen blood stasis syndrome. TCM related to TYPHC commonly used in pre- scriptions were tonifying deficiency medicine ， phlegm-re- solving medicine ，promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasi s medicine ，etc．Four properties were mostly cold ，warm and calm ；the five flavors were most ly swe et，bitter and pungent ；channel tropism were mostly spleen ，liver，stomach， lung，heart and kidney ；drug combination were mostly warming-sweet-spleen ，warming-pungent-spleen and cold-bitter-liver ，etc.； there were 36 couplet medicines with frequency ≥30 times；there were 31 strong association rules and 8 key drug combinations in the prescriptions. WD-Get Rules results showed that in the TCM prescriptions against PHC ，Atractylodes macrocephala ，Codonopsis pilosula，Poria cocos and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were in the key position. They were often combined with many kinds of drugs ， which were related to the effect of Sijunzi decoction on strengthening Qi and tonifying spleen. CMC-DD results showed that therapy for TYPHC focused on strengthening the spleen and stomach ，replenishing Qi and blood ；and at the same time ，it treated TYPHC with phlegm-blood stasis syndrome from multiple angles ，such as soothing the liver and regulating Qi ，eliminating phlegm ，clearing heat and detoxification ，promoting blood circulation and nourishing Yin. CONCLUSIONS ：Clinical treatment of TYPHC mainly adopts the methods of invigorating the spleen and replenishing Qi ，soothing the liver and regulating Qi ，promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis ，which conforms to the medication principle of “strengthening the body and eliminating pathogenic factors”. The application of TCMDP can realize the data mining and analysis of TCM in multi-level and multi-directional way ， which provides a new and effective way for the mining and research of compatibility rules of TCM prescriptions.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy difference between warming acupuncture and other acupuncture methods in the treatment of primary obesity. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was conducted at PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Alt HealthWatch, CNKI, CBM, WANFANG database and VIP database. Retrieval time was from the establishment date of database to October 4, 2017. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) of warming acupuncture comparing with other acupuncture methods for the treatment of primary obesity were included. The relative risk () and weighted mean difference ( ) were used as combined effects for categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS: Totally 13 RCTs were included involving 878 patients. The Meta-analysis indicated compared with other acupuncture methods, warming acupuncture could more reduce weight (: -1.49 kg, 95% : -2.53 to -0.45, =0.005), improve the total effective rate (=1.16, 95% : 1.09 to 1.24, <0.000 01), reduce BMI (: -1.24 kg/m, 95% : -2.34 to -0.14, =0.03), reduce waist circumference (: -1.65 cm, 95% : -2.53 to -0.76, =0.02) and reduce hip circumference (: -2.86 cm, 95% : -4.37 to -1.35, =0.000 2), but had no significant influence on total cholesterol (: -0.05 mmol/L, 95% :-0.98 to 0.88, =0.91). CONCLUSION The warming acupuncture has better efficacy on primary obesity than other acupuncture methods, but less effects on lipid indicators.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Lipids ; Obesity ; therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic