AIM: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine the concentration of valsartan in human plasma. METHODS: Using lrbesartan as internal standard, valsartan in plasma samples was determined by HPLC with liquid-liquid extraction, achieved by the column of Agilent ZORBAXSB-C_ 18( 150 mm? 4.6 mm, 5 ?m) at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture acetonitrile : water : phosphoric acid : triethylamine was the ratio of 4060 1.0 1.5 (v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml?min~ -1, the wavelengths of fluorimetric excitation and emission were set at 265 and 378 nm respectively. RESULTS: The drug-free plasma did not interfere with the determination of drugs and internal standard. There was good linear relationships (1/C~2 weighted) between peak area ratio of valsartan to internal standard and C (r= 0.9996) within the range of 25-2 500 ng?ml~ -1. The precision of within-day and between-day was good. The lower limit of quantification was 25 ng?ml~ -1. The analytes reconstituted in the mobile phase were also stable at ambient conditions for at least 24 h. Furthermore, valsartan was stable for at least three freeze thaw cycles. CONCLUSION: The HPLC method can be used to determine the concentration of valsartan in human plasma.

The clinical probation of medical students in the clinics of gynecology and obstetrics is significant. However, because of the disease involving in female genital system, clinical clerkship teaching in obstetrics and gynecology faces actual problems such as poor cases, low cooperation of the patients and the risk of offending the privacy of patients. During the period of clinical novitiate, two or three teaching clinics were established by experienced clinical teachers, and the patients for the teach-ing were recruited by a series of incentives, such as exempt registration fee, prior doctors' office visit-ing, preferential examine, appointing well-known experts and advanced hospital admission and so on. And the teaching was preceded after the patients' informed consents. As results, the cooperation of the patients was obviously improved, and case selection was made easy, and the outpatient clinic probation teaching level of obstetrics and gynecologyn was raised.

Objective To explore the effect of different concentrations of iguratimod (IGU) on mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods A total of 108 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the low dose IGU group,the moderate dose IGU group,high dose with group and the methylprednisolone (MP) group (n=18 in each group).The mice in the control group were injected with 0.2 ml normal saline endotracheally,and others were injected with 0.2 ml bleomycin (5 mg/kg) from endotracheally to induce pulmonary fibrosis model.The next day,the mice in both control group and the model group were fed with 0.2 ml normal saline every day;The mice in the IGU groups and methylprednisolone group were fed with 0.2 ml iguratimod liquid the IGU (10,30,90 mg/kg) and 0.2 ml methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg) every dayrespectively.Finally the mice were sacrificed at day 7,day 14,day 28 respectively,and the lung tissue was examined by HE staining and Masson staining to evaluate the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis.Repeated measurement of variance analysis was used to compare the differences for time and group,and multi-factor analysis of variance LSD test was used for the comparison between groups.Results ① The body mass of mice in bleomycin-induced groups were decreased compared to the control group.② The pathological alveolitis scores in the high dose IGU group and methylprednisolone group were significantly decreased compared to those of the model IGU group at day 7 and day 14 (P＜0.05),and the pathological fibrosis scores were decreased dramatically compared with the model group at day 14 and day 28 (P＜0.05).Conclusion High concentration of IGU and methylprednisolone can reduce and inhibit lung inflammation and fibrosis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on the development of coronary arteritis in a murine model of Kawasaki disease (KD) induced with a candida albicaus watersoluble fraction (CAWS).Methods Forty-five C57BIL/6mice were evenly divided into three groups (the control group,the CAWS group and the MP group).Mice in the CAWS group were intraperitoneally injected phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 5 days.MP or PBS was administered to the different group.The animals were sacrificed at day 3,day 10 and day 28,and the status of vasculitis in the coronary arteries and the aortic root was investigated histologically.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences among three groups,and t-test for two independent groups.Results The mice in CAWS group and MP group,which induced by CAWS,showed that the body weight and heart weight decreased significantly,and the spleen weight was increased at day 10 and day 28 (P＜0.05).Vasculitis was induced in the mice of those two groups,and the severity score was the highest at day 10 (12.7±0.5).In addition,the severity of the inflammation of the aortic root and the coronary arteries were reduced in MP group (t=6.35,5.55,2.8,P＜0.05).Elastic fiber staining showed that the layers of vascular walls were in disorder and elastic fibers were broken in the CAWS group.However,there was no disruption or breakage in the MP group.Conclusion MP can suppress the progression of coronary arteritis in this CAWS-induced murine vasculitis model,which indicates the efficacy of MP in KD patients with coronary artery lesions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristic parameters and variation of acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and conditioning response (CR)during the acquisition of delay-trace eyeblink conditioning.Methods15healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:single-task DEBC group ( n =5 ) ; single-task TEBC group ( n =5) ; dual delay/trace group ( n =5).Three groups received paired training of tone conditioned stimulus(CS)in different audio frequency (TEBC groups:2KHz; DEBC group:1KHz) and a 100 ms comeal oxygenpuff unconditioned stimulus(US).Then observed the characteristic parameters of ASR and CR.ResultsAfter pairing training for 10 days,ASR rate( ASR％ ) of single-task groups ( 10th day (38.00 ± 8.64) ％ and (38.55 ±12.41 ) ％ respectively,time effect:F =4.574,P =0.008 ; group effect:F =2.021,P =0.193 ) and dual delaytrace group ( 10th day (47.95 ± 14.23 ) ％ and (62.01 ± 9.03 ) ％ respectively,time effect:F =5,547 P =0.013 ;group effect:F =0.738,P =0.415) changed significantly with the following training but between single-task groups or dual delay-trace group.CR rate ( CR％ ) of single-task groups ( 10th day were (45.4 ± 5.39) ％ and (65.6 ± 6.77) ％ respectively,time effect:F =9.558,P =0.000 ; group effect:F =5.117,P =0.054 ) and dual delay/trace group ( 10th day (57.66 ± 4.34) ％ and (77.35 ± 7.36) ％ respectively,time effect:F =7.750,P =0.002 ;group effect:F=1.449,P=0.263 ) showed obvious change with the following training but between singletask groups or dual delay-trace group.Peak amplitude of single-task DEBC group ( time effect F =2.679,P =0.017 ) and dual delay-trace group ( F=3.452,P=0.034 ) had increased significantly with the following training.Peak latency showed no obvious change.ConclusionDual delay-trace conditioning procedure of classical eyeblink conditioning and single-task can be successfully established in Kunming mice.Although there are some variations,those can be controled and be weaken effect of them by taking targeted measures.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics and incidence of the thoracic deformities in patients with microtia.

METHODSIn Plastic Surgery Hospital, we conducted a retrospective study of the clinical and radiographical data of 300 patients with microtia from March 2013 to October 2014. Pearson χ2 test was used to analyze the relationship among deformities of ribs and spine, as well as microtia.

RESULTSA total of 78 (26.0%) patients were documented with rib deformities, 26 patients (8.7%) had spinal deformities, and 17 patients (5.7% )had both. The incidence of rib deformities in microtia I, II, and III was 7.1% (2/28), 26.7% (62/232) and 35.0% (14/40) respectively. The incidence of spinal deformities in microtia I, II, and III was 3.6% (1/28), 6.5% (15/232) and 25.0% (10/40 respectively. The patients with microtia III were found to have a higher incidence of ribs and spinal deformities than those with microtia II, patients with microtia II were found to have a higher incidence of ribs and spinal deformities than those with microtia I (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of ribs and spinal deformities is high in patients with microtia. The poorer one auricle developed, the higher the incidence of thoracic deformities.

Biomedical Research ; Congenital Microtia ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; abnormalities ; Spine ; abnormalities

Objective To assess roles of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and plateletderived growth factor(PDGF)in the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.Methods (1)Expression of Proxl,a newly described lymphatic endothelial cell nucleus marker,VEGF-A,VEGF-C,VEGF-D and PDGF-A,PDGF-B,PDGF-C,PDGF-D were detected bv RT-PCR in SKOV3 cell line and in 90 ovarian tissue samples,included 15 benigh tumors 10 borderline tumors, 45 malignant tumors and 20 normal ovarian samples.(2)Expression levels of Proxl,VEGF-A,-C,-D and PDGF-A,-B,-C,-D were detected in 90 ovarian tissue sample mentioned above by real-time quantitative PCR(RTQPCR).Resuls (1)Proxl was expressed in ovarian samples mentioned above,while not detected in SKOV3 cell. VEGF-A,-C,-D and PDGF-A,-B,-C,-D were found in SKOV3 cell and various ovarian tissues.(2)Expression levels of Proxl(2.2±1.3,P＜0.01),VEGF-A(3.5±1.5,P＜0.01),VEGF-C(19±14.P＜0.01),VEGF-D(3.0±1.8,P＜0.01)and PDGF-A(3.3±3.3,P＜0.05),PDGF-C(6.9±4.6,P＜0.01)in malignant group were found to be significantly higher than those in borderline group and benign group.(3)The expression levels of Proxl,VEGF-A and PDGF-A were significantly greater in samples from the patients with lymph node metastasis(Proxl:3.0±1.4,VEGF-A:4.1± 1.7,PDGF-A:4.9±4.1),peritoneum metastasis(Proxl:2.8±0.9,VEGF-A:4.0±1. 8,PDGF-A:4.5±4.0)and in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ(Proxl:2.6±1.3,VEGF-A:4.0±1.4,PDGF-A:4.1±3.7)than those without lymph node metastasis,without peritoneum metastasis and in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ.There was a significant increased in the degree of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression in positive lymph node metastasis group(VEGF-C:24±13,VEGF-D:3.9±2.0)compared with negative group(P＜0.05).(4)There were significant positive correlations between the expression levels of Proxl and VEGF-D(r=0.62,P＜0.01),PDGF-C(r=0.91,P＜0.01)or PDGF-D(r=0.61.P＜0.01).Conclusions VEGF-A,VEGF-C and PDGF-A may promote lymphatic metastasis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma though else mechanisms other than lymphangiogenesis.VEGF-D may facilitate lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer.There is no significant correlation between the expression of PDGF-B and lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis.PCGF-C and PDGF-D may motivate lymphangiogenesis,but could not participate in lymph node metastasis in ovarian carcinoma.

Clinicopathological data of 15 patients with pyloric early cancer and precancerous lesions, who received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from March 2011 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative pathology showed 7 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 3 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 5 cases of early gastric cancer. R0 complete resection was achieved in all patients. The mean operation time was 55.2 min (35-78 min). One patient had delayed postoperative bleeding, and no other complications such as bleeding, perforation or abdominal pain occurred in other 14 patients. No recurrence, metastasis or pyloric stenosis was found during the follow-up of 31.3 months (1-106 months). ESD is safe and effective for early cancer and precancerous lesions in the pylorus.

Objective: To perform a comparative study of different fat-processing techniques to explore which technique could obtain higher fat content. Methods: Lipoaspirates was purified with three groups of fat-processing techniques (sedimentation, centrifugation, and cotton pad filtering). Isometric purified fat tissue was centrifuged at 5 000 g for 5 minutes to quantify the oil, aqueous, and fat content from them. HE staining was applied to evaluate the effect of different fat-processing techniques on the integrity of adipocyte. Results: The fat content, aqueous content, and oil content of three groups was respectively 86.0%, 9.6% and 4.4% for the cotton pad filtering group; 74.4%, 14.8% and 10.8% for the centrifugation group; 62.0%, 28.4% and 9.6% for the sedimentation group. In the HE histologic findings, no significant difference was observed in the integrity of adipocyte of three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions In comparison with the sedimentation group and the centrifugation group, more fat content, less oil content and aqueous content was observed in the cotton pad filtering group. The cotton pad filtering technique was helpful in postoperative volume retention.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of vacuum drainage on blood circulation of expanded skin flap, so as to confirm suitable negative pressure for ear reconstruction.

METHODS21 patients (Auricular Reconstructive Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, PUMC) were randomly divided into A, B, C 3 groups to receive vacuum drainage of: -20, -40 and -60 kPa, respectively. The length and width of reconstructed ears,which represented the swelling degree, were measured instantly and 5, 10 days postoperatively. The changes were calculated and reflected venous drainage of flaps. The temperature of proximal (concha) and distal (helix) part of the expanded flaps, which represented the arterial blood supply of flaps, was detected by infrared thermography after operation.

RESULTSFive days after operation [(1.48 +/- 0.47) mm, (0.36 +/- 0.06) mm] and immediately [(1.67 +/- 0.69) mm, (0.40 +/- 0.16) mm)] , the changes of the length and width of reconstructed ear in group B was significantly low, while there was no statistically difference between group A and C (P > 0.05). The data between 10 days and 5 days after operation showed the same result. Along with the increase of the negative pressure, the swelling degree of reconstructed ears decreased firstly and then increased reversely ( P < 0.01 ). The flap temperature of reconstructed ears increased (P < 0.01), especially in proximal (concha) part (P < 0.01) , when the negative pressure increased (0 to -60 kPa).

CONCLUSIONSVacuum drainage has effect on both the venous drainage and blood supply. Negative pressure of -40 kPa can improve both the blood supply and venous drainage. It should be as reference for clinical application.

Child ; Ear Auricle ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Ribs ; transplantation ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Transplantation, Autologous