Objective:To analyze therapeutic effect of surgical treatment for carcinoma of the head of pancreas and study the operative indication and model of carcinoma of the head of pancreas.Methods:The clinical data of 97 patients with carcinoma of the head of pancreas were analyzed retrospectively from 2000 to 2004.Results:41 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy,13 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with PV/SMV resection,palliative hepaticojejunostomy was performed to the rest.All the patients who underwent palliative resection were died in lyear after the operation,the 1,3-year survival rate of patients undergoing PD was 58.5% and 26.8% respectively,the 1,3-year survival rate of patients undergoing PD with vascular resection was 53.8% and 23.1% respectively.Conclusion:PD is the only way to cure.carcinoma of the head of pancreas,PD with vascular resection can increase the resection rate and the survival on the condition of strict indication.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological diagnosis of cutaneous calcifying epithelioma.Methods Thirty cases of calcified epithelioma were diagnosed and treated by our hospital.The clinical features and pathological features were retrospectively reviewed.Results The main pathological features of the tumor were that the main tumor (basophilic cells) basal cells and shadow cells were mixed composition,combined with ossification and calcification and with no recurrence after surgical resection.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of calcifying epithelium are lack of characteristics and diverse pathological features.It is necessary to make the correct pathological diagnosis with the time,location and imaging of tumor growth.

Rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms is important to the prevention and control of diseases.Com-pared with traditional approaches, electrochemical DNA biosensors present great advantages in promising rapid, portable, sensitive and cost-saving detection of pathogens.In this review, the working principle of electrochemical DNA biosensors and the progress in detection of pathogens is introduced, the latest developments of DNA tetrahedron structure and new nano materials in electrochemical DNA biosensors are reviewed, and the challenges to and prospects of development in this field are also discussed.

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of botulinum toxin type A on hypertrophic scar fi-broblasts ,and to explore the molecular mechanism of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of scar and prevention of postopera-tive scar hyperplasia .Methods Different concentrations of botulinum toxin A (0 .01 ,0 .1 ,1 U/L and 10 U/L) were used on hyper-trophic scar fibroblasts for 24 hours ,to observe the changes of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton under laser confocal microscopy .MTT and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation ,apoptosis and cycle of change ,at the same time real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were conducted to detected the expression of TGF-β,matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1 ,MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene and protein expression changes .Results With the increase of botulinum toxin A dose ,the number of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal fluorescence intensity decreased ,cell proliferation ability decreased and mainly blocked at G0-G1 phase ,and the ap-optosis also increased with the dose increased .The results of qPCR and Western blot showed that MMP-1 and MMP-9 gene and protein were highly expressed with the increase of botulinum toxin A dose ,while TGF-βand MMP-9 showed low expression .Con-clusion Botulinum toxin A can inhibit the proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and inhibit the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 ,which can inhibit scar formation .It plays a positive role in the treatment of scar .

Machine learning has developed rapidly in recent years.Using machine learning to predict the radiotherapy outcomes and complications can more accurately evaluate the patients' conditions and take appropriate treatment measures as soon as possible.The non-dose and dose related factors generated during radiotherapy are filtered and input into the algorithm model,then corresponding prediction result can be obtained.There are many algorithm models to predict survival rate,tumor control rate and radiotherapy complications,and the predicted result are more accurate now.However,the algorithm model also has various problems,and it needs constant exploration and improvement.