Objective: To analyze the trend in disease burden of stroke in Linping District, Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of stroke. Methods: Data on incidence and mortality of stroke in Linping District from 2014 to 2023 were collected through the Chronic Disease and Death Cause Monitoring System of Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The disease burden was evaluated by calculating years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) with reference to the methodology of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and standardized using the data of the seventh national population census in 2020. The trend was analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). The disease burden of stroke attributed to risk factors was calculated. Results: The crude incidence of stroke was 298.13/105 and the crude mortality was 62.72/105 in Linping District from 2014 to 2023. The YYL, YLD and DALY caused by stroke were 49 413.60, 8 197.68, and 57 611.28 person-years, respectively, with decreasing trends in YLL and DALY, and an increasing trend in YLD (AAPC=-12.663%, -10.427% and 3.035%, all P<0.05). The standardized YLL rate, standardized YLD rate and standardized DALY rate were 9.54‰, 1.53‰ and 11.07‰, respectively, showing decreasing trends (AAPC=-16.011%,-0.975% and -13.791%, all P<0.05). Higher standardized DALY rate (P<0.05) and slower decline were seen in men than in women (AAPC=-13.025% vs. -14.550%, both P<0.05). The highest DALY of stroke was attributed to combined risk factors (men, 18 754.05 person-years; women, 13 256.60 person-years), followed by hypertension (men, 12 231.23 person-years; women, 9 373.77 person-years). The DALY of stroke attributed to smoking was 15.67 times higher in men than in women, and the DALY of stroke attributed to a lack of exercise was 1.27 times higher in women than in men. Conclusion There was an overall decreasing trend in the disease burden of stroke in Lingping District from 2014 to 2023, with a higher disease burden in men. The coexistence of multiple risk factors had a greater impact on stroke.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of chemotherapy on growth development and endocrine function of long-survived children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods30 ALL patients who were received standard chemotherapy and survived more than five years were enrolled in this study. Their growth and development data and endocrine function examination were investigated. ResultsThrough testing,except two cases of height more than two standard deviation above,the others were all within the normal range; BMI exceeded bid in 1, and the rest were in the normal range;The results of sex hormones examination were consistent with age and Tanner installment, the girls appeared secondary sex characteristics in 9 years old or so,menstruation in 13 years old. Boys appeared sec-ondary sex characteristics around 10 years old;Cortisol and promote adrenal cortical hormone with 2 cases of obese children were in the normal range,but c-peptide and insulin were elevatory;The results of IGF-1 were in the normal range. ConclusionChemotherapy had no significant effect on growth development and endocrine function for patients with ALL.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of TOMY self-ligation appliance technique in the treatment of anterior crossbite and moderate crowding, and to explore its clinical application.Methods:A patient, manifested as anterior crossbite and moderate dentition crowing, diagnosed as Angle class Ⅲ subclass malocclusion, MaoⅡ1+Ⅰ1 malocclusion, high angle,and facial asymmetry, was selected.This patient was treated with TOMY self-ligation appliance technique without tooth extraction.The length and width of the dental arch, the width of the alveolar bone and the width of the basal arch were measured before and after treatment;the lateral radiographs of the patient were taken too.Results:After treatment,the upper and lower dentition arranged in neat rows, reached a neutral occlusal relationship;SNA, SNB and ANB had no obvious changes;the lip inclination of anterior teeth was increased by 10 degrees, and reached the normal value;the upper and lower dental arch width, alveolar bone width, basal bone arch width and dental arch length were lower than before treatment.Conclusion:For the patient with anterior crossbite and moderate dental crowding treated with non-extraction, the TOMY self-ligation technique can be considered to use, by increasing the arch width and length to improve the anterior crossbite and moderate crowding, in order to achieve the effective treatment.

Objective To explore the related pelvic floor anatomy to the pathological vaginal relaxation and key points of the vaginal tightening surgery.Methods The vaginal tightening surgery was performed in 24 cases of vaginal relaxation.The key points of this operation included levator ani muscle suturation and perineal body reconstruction,and anal sphincter reconstruction as in case of the muscle injury grade Ⅲ.Results The degree of levator ani muscle separation was positively correlated with that of vaginal relaxation in all the 24 cases.18 cases were followed up from 6 months to 2 years,and had no complications of rectovaginal fistula and infections.The average level of perineal body was increased from 2.3 cm to 3.5 cm.Vaginal length of 6 cm from vaginal orifice was proper with good tightness.The patients felt strong anal contraction,enhanced ability of vaginal tightening and improved quality of sex life.There were no more infections of genitourinary tract.Conclusions Through levator ani muscle suturation and perineal body reconstruction,it can get the vaginal tightening effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with pan retinal photocoagulation and trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma(NVG). Methods Seventeen eyes of 15 patients with NVG were treated by 0.5 mg Lucentis intravitreal injection first. Trabeculectomy was performed 7 days later and Pan retinal photocoagulation 2 weeks later. Iris,anterior chamber angle neovascularization,intraocu?lar pressure ,and visual acuity were observed in the following 6 months. Results Iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization were completely regressed 7 days after the injection in 17 eyes. Six months after photocoagulation, 6 eyes had different degrees of improvement in visual acuity,10 eyes no change in visual acuity and 1 eye decreased from anterior index to immediate manual. There was significant difference in pre?treatment IOP and postoperative IOP( t = 12.75 ,10.26 ,9.73 ,10.77 ,P < 0.01 ). No serious complications were observed after intravitreal injec?tion and trabeculectomy. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of Lucentis could significantly accelerate the regres?sion of iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization ,which could improve the successful rate of trabeculecto?my and pan retinal photocoagulation. Intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation is safe and effective for NVG.

Objective To evaluate the potential use of a probe melting analysis (PMA) assay in detecting the embB mutations which confer resistance against ethambutol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods The analysis sensitivity and specificity of PMA were investigated by detecting a serially diluted H37 Rv DNA and a reference panel from National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Product. Six hundred and thirteen sputum samples were collected from the Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen First Hospital and Center for Zhangzhou Disease Control and Prevention from September 2009 to April 2010. The PMA assay was then evaluated by detecting 613 clinical isolates and the results were compared with the sequencing results. Results The PMA assay could specifically detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and had a limit of detection of 3 copies per reaction. The assay results with 613 clinical isolates showed that PMA gave a 100% concordance with sequencing in the 583 qualified samples, among which 34 were mutations at embB 306,23 at embB 378-380, 3 at embB 406 and 3 at embB 497. Conclusions PMA assay is a sensitive and specific method enabling efficient detection of common embB mutations causing ethambutol-resistance. The rapidness of this method together with its reliability would facilitate its use in routine testing.

Objective To analyze the incidence,mortality and risk factors of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).Methods A total of 427 HIV/HCV co-infected patients admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University or local disease prevention and control canters from January 2003 to December 2010 were enrolled in the study.The demographic and clinical data of patients were retrospectively studied.Cox progressive regression model was used for data analysis,and Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the effect of end-stage liver diseases on the death.Results of 427 HIV/HCV co-infected patients,53 ( 12.4％ ) died during the follow-up,in which 28 (52.8％) died of liver-related diseases.Male gender ( RR =2.63,P =0.05 ),infection via blood transfusion ( RR =2.15,P =0.04),baseline CD4 + T cells ＜50 cells/μL ( RR =2.83,P =0.02),HIV RNA≥ 104copies/mL at the end of follow-up (RR =2.79,P =0.00 ) and complicated with end-stage liver disease ( RR =7.79,P =0.00) were significantly related to the death.Duration of cART ＞ 5 years is a protective factor for the death ( RR =0.03,P =0.00).Themortality of patients complicated with end-stage liver diseases was 52.7％ ( 29/55 ).Conclusion Liver disease-related death has become the leading cause of death in HIV/HCV co-infected patients,and patients with end-stage liver diseases are of high risk of death.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods The demographic and clinical data of HIV-HCV coinfected patients in Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University and local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from Jan 2003 to Dec 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Single factor and multiple factor Logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between the variables and incidence of ESLD,such as baseline age ≥40,male,previous blood transfusion history,duration of HCV persistent infection,hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection (HBsAg positive),HIV RNA≥-1 ×104 copy/mL at last visit,HCV RNA≥ 1.× 105 copy/mL at last visit,CD4 count ＞ 200 / μL at last visit,alanine aminotranferase (ALT) ≥ 2 × upper limit normal (ULN) at last visit,ART containing nevirapine (NVP),follow-up duration,ART duration＞5 years and HCV genotype 1b.The effect of ESLD on the survival of HIV-HCV co-infected patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Totally 427 HIV-HCV co-infected patients were followed up with average of 3.7 years. Fifty-five patients (12.9％) developed ESLD,and 52 patients (12.2％) died.Factors independently associated with ESLD included baseline age≥40 (OR=2.385,P=0.039),ALT ≥2× ULN (OR=16.374,P=0.000),HBV-coinfection (OR=2.507,P=0.042),duration of ART ＞ 5 years (OR=3.232,P=0.010),and CD4 count ≥200/μL (OR=0.364,P=0.011).The cumulative mortality of HIV-HCV co-infected patients with ESLD was 50.9％,whereas that of HIV-HCV co-infected patients without ESLD was 6.5％ (P=0.000).Conclusion In the ART era,ESLD is common among HIV-HCV co-infected patients in China,which is responsible for reducing the survival time of the patients.