The effect of astaxanthin on N(Ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced preeclampsia disease rats was investigated. Thirty pregnant Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): blank group, L-NAME group and astaxanthin group. From day 5 to 20, astaxanthin group rats were treated with astaxanthin (25 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) x bw(-1)) from pregnancy (day 5). To establish the preeclamptic rat model, L-NAME group and astaxanthin group rats were injected with L-NAME (125 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) x bw(-1)) from days 10-20 of pregnancy. The blood pressure and urine protein were recorded. Serum of each group was collected and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were analyzed. Pathological changes were observed with HE stain. The expression of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), ROCK II (Rho-associated protein kinase II), HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) and Caspase 3 were analyzed with immunohistochemistry. L-NAME induced typical preeclampsia symptoms, such as the increased blood pressure, urinary protein, the content of MDA, etc. Astaxanthin significantly reduced the blood pressure (P < 0.01), the content of MDA (P < 0.05), and increased the activity of SOD (P < 0.05) of preeclampsia rats. The urinary protein, NO, and NOS were also decreased. HE stain revealed that after treated with astaxanthin, the thickness of basilal membrane was improved and the content of trophoblast cells and spiral arteries was reduced. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the expressions of NF-κB, ROCK II and Caspase 3 in placenta tissue were effectively decreased, and HO-1 was increased. Results indicated that astaxanthin can improve the preeclampsia symptoms by effectively reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory damages of preeclampsia. It revealed that astaxanthin may be benefit for prevention and treatment of preeclampsia disease.

Objective To estimate the clinical features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection among acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and the interaction of lamivudine (3TC) contained antiretroviral therapy (ART) with hepatitis virus replication.Methods From 2004 to 2010,199 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HBV coinfected patients admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled,including 76 cases of HIV/HBV/HCV triple infection and 123 cases of HIV/HBV dual infection.Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) were detected routinely.HBV DNA,HCV RNA before and after ART with 3TC and incidence of end-stage-liver-diseases in two groups were compared.Categorical data were analyzed by chi-square test,and measurement data were compared by t test.Results Positive rates of HBV DNA in HIV/HBV and HIV/HBV/HCV coinfection group before treatment were 45.5 ％ (56/123) and 25.0 ％ (19/76),respectively (x2 =8.429,P=0.004).The levels of HBV DNA in the two groups before treatment were (5.61±1.88) lg copy/mL and (4.70±1.84) lg copy/mL,respectively (t=2.589,P=0.003).After ART with 3TC,detectable rate of HBV DNA in HIV/HBV/HCV group decreased to 9.2％ (7/76),which was significantly lower than pretreatment (x2 =6.681,P=0.010),but serum HCV RNA increased significantly from 56.6％ (43/76) pretreatment to 72.4％ (55/76) post-treatment (x2 =4.136,P=0.042).The incidence of end-stage-liver-diseases in HIV/HBV/HCV co-infected group was significantly lower than that of HIV/HBV dual infection group (18.8 per 1000 person years vs 42.1 per 1000 person years; x2 =4.459,P =0.035) during an average of 5.6 years of follow up.Conclusion It is possible that there are interactions between HBV and HCV when the two viruses are co infected.The timing of patient enrollment might be an impact factor on study results.

The clinical data of 459 patients,who were first diagnosed as HIV/HBV co-infection from January 2007 to December 2013,were retrospectively analyzed.Among all patients,there were 89 cases with CD4 ＜ 50/μl,134 cases with CD4 50-200/μl and 236 cases with CD4 ＞ 200/μl,when HIV infection was diagnosed.In these three groups with different CD4 levels,the HBV DNA positive rates were 49.3％ (37/75),50.5％ (54/107) and 33.7％ (66/196);the HBV viral load were (6.37 ± 1.71) log10 copies/ml,(5.82 ± 1.86) log10 copies/ml and (4.36 ± 1.64) log10 copies/ml;the rates of abnormal liver function were 29.2％ (26/89),29.1％ (39/134) and 10.6％ (25/236);the occurrence rates of end-stage-liver-diseases were 16.9％ (15/89),14.9％ (20/134) and 5.1％ (12/236);the mortality rates were 10.1％ (9/89),9.7％ (13/134) and 3.8％ (9/236),respectively.The HBV DNA positive rates,HBV viral load,the rates of abnormal liver function,the occurrence rates of end-stage-liver-diseases and the mortality rates in CD4 ＞ 200/μl group were lower than that in CD4 ＜ 50/μl group and 50-200/μl group.The results suggest that for HIV and HBV co-infection patients,HBV replication level and prognosis of liver diseases are associated with CD4 + T lymphocyte count.

Objective To study the value of D‐dimer for early diagnosing ischemic bowel disease(IBD) and to find more econom‐ic and more effective detection means for its diagnosis and control .Methods Ninety‐five patients with suspected acute IBD in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2015 were selected as the observation group ,and contemporaneous 74 individuals undergoing routine physical examination were selected as the control group .The differences in D‐dimer levels were compared between the con‐trol group and the patients with definitely diagnosed IBD in the observation group on 1 ,7 ,14 d after admission .At the same time the differences in initial WBC level and fecal occult blood were compared between the two groups .The sensitivity and specificity of plas‐ma D‐dimer level for early diagnosing IBD were calculated and their clinical application value was summarized .Results (1) Accord‐ing to plasma D‐dimer results ,the 74 cases of acute IBD were diagnosed and 21 cases were negative ,while 80 positive cases and 15 negative cases were diagnosed by adopting the CT inferior mesenteric arterial angiography and multislice spiral CT ,the sensitivity of plasma D‐dimer detection was 88 .75% and specificity was 80 .0% .(2) The D‐dimer level ,WBC count and fecal occult blood on 1 d after admission in the observation group were (5 480 .12 ± 876 .32)μg/L ,(17 .37 ± 2 .21) × 109/L and 81 .3% respectively ,which were far higher than those in the healthy control group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .(3)The D‐dimer levels on 1 ,7 ,14 d after admission in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0 .05) , while with the treatment duration extension ,the plasma D‐dimer level was gradually decreased .Conclusion The D‐dimer detection has a relatively higher sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of acute IBD and has better clinical application value .

Objective Currently,the sit-to-stand process is not well evaluated.The aim of the study is to evaluate quantitatively the reliability of posturographic parameters in the sit-to-stand process.Methods Seventy-four healthy participants were enrolled and required to finish 20-second sitting,standing and the sit-to-stand process.The computer calculated the posturographic parameters automatically.The test was repeated twice to assess the reliability at an interval of six days.Results During sitting and standing position,the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of all the parameters were above 0.50,indicating a good or fair reliability.During the standing stance and sitting phase of the sit-to-stand process,the ICCs of all the parameters were above 0.40 and 0.60 respectively,showing a good or fair reliability.Conclusions Sit-to-stand posturographic parameters are a new way to assess the position control ability among the healthy participants with a good reliability.Further study should be conducted among patients to result in better functional and effectiveness evaluation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of PCT and neutrophil CD64 contents with the effect of hormone therapy and complications in the patients with primary nephrotic syndrome.Methods Sixty-five patients with primary nephrotic syndrome in our hospital from September 2015 to September 2016 were selected as the research subjects,all cases were treated with hormonal therapy,the serum levels of PCT and neutrophil CD64 were detected and their relationship with the curative effect and complications of nephrotic syndrome was analyzed.Results According to the PCT and neutrophil CD64 median levels,the cases were divided into the high level group and low level group,the results found that serum creatinine,serum protein,urine protein and pathological types had no statistical difference between the high level group and low level group.The hormone sensitivity had 15 cases in the patients with high PCT level,which was significantly lower than 21 cases in the patients with low PCT level;the hormone sensitivity had 14 cases in the patients with high neutrophil CD64 level,acute renal failure,infection and thrombus in the patients with high PCT level had 8,10,6 cases,which were significantly lower than those in the patients with low PCT level;acute renal failure,infection and thrombus in the patients with high neutrophil CD64 level had 7,11,6 cases,which were significantly higher than those in the patients with low neutrophil CD64 level (P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of serum PCT and neutrophil CD64 are significantly correlated with the therapeutic effect and clinical prognosis in the patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Objective To study the distribution patterns of bacterial flora in sigmoid colon tissues and stools in normal population.Method Bacterial flora were identified and analyzed by using 16sDNA sequencing technology in fresh stool samples (n =13) and colon mucosa samples (n =10).Results The diversity and abundance of bacterial flora were significantly larger in the stool samples than in the sigmoid colon samples (P ＜ 0.001,P ＜ 0.001,P =0.042,P =0.006).The consititution of phylum flora between the two groups were same,including flrmicutes,bacteroides,proteobacteria,and actinomycetes.However,the proportions of firmicutes and bacteroides in stool samples were significantly higher than in the sigmoid colon samples,whereas the proportion of proteobacteria was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.001,P =0.025,P ＜ 0.001).At the genus level,faecalibacterium and bacteroides were the dominant flora in feces,whereas pseudomonas,lactococcus,acinetobacter,and flavobacterium were the most common flora in sigmoid colon mucosa.The amounts of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were low in both two groups.Conclusion The distribution of bacterial flora remarkably differ in stools and sigmoid colon mucosa.

Objective To investigate the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on efficacy of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods Seventy-eight subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HBV co-infection and 156 subjects with HIV mono-infection were included.CD4+ T cell count,HIV viral load,HBV-markers and liver functions were routinely tested.The differences in survival rate,as well as immunological and virological responses between the two groups (HIV/HBV co-infection group and HIV mono-infection group) during cART were compared.Categorical data were compared by Chisquare test,measurement data were compared by t test,and measurement data with abnormal distribution were compared by Mann-Whitney test.Results At month 42 of cART,HIV RNA levels and CD4+ T cell counts of the two groups were comparable.However,at month 48,54 and 60 of cART,the immunological and virological responses of HIV/HBV co-infection group were less favorable than those of HIV mono-infection group.At each time point of month 12,24,36,48 and 60 of cART,3 out of 13 subjects with HIV/HBV co-infection maintained hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)loss; the HBeAg seroconversion rates were 32.1％ (9/28),50.0％ (14/28),53.6％ (15/28),64.3％ (18/28) and 71.4％ (20/28),respectively (x2 =10.189,P=0.037) ; HBV DNA negative rates were 95.1％ (39/41),82.9％ (34/41),68.3％ (28/41),43.9％ (18/41) and 43.9％ (18/41),respectively (x2 =29.982,P=0.000); liver dysfunction rate was 32.1 ％ (25/78),51.4％ (38/74),33.8％ (22/65),47.9％ (23/48) and 6.7％ (3/45),respectively (x2 =28.053,P=0.000).Mortalities in HIV/HBV co-infected and HIV mono-infected individuals were 24.4％ (19/78) and 5.1 ％ (8/156),respectively (x2 =18.841,P＜0.01).Sixteen out of the 19 deaths (84.2 ％) in HIV/ HBV co-infected subjects died of end stage liver diseases.Conclusions HBV co-infection diminishes the long term efficacy of cART.End stage liver diseases are the primary cause of death in HIV/HBV co-infected subjects during cART.

This study was aimed to optimize bio-solid bidirectional fermentation conditions of Trametes robiniophia Murr. for rhubarb. Sulphuric acid-phenol colorimetry, magnesium-methanol colorimetry, and HPLC were used in the
content determination of polysaccharide, total anthraquinone, and 4 free anthraquinones. The drying rate and con-sumption rate were combined as indicators for the optimization of technical parameters such as medicinal dosage, temperature and amount of water. The results showed that when using 500 mL conical flask, the best fermentation conditions were medicinal dosage of 10 g, the temperature of 34℃, adding water of 120%. It was concluded that bidirectional fermentation of rhubarb increased the content of free anthraquinones. Among them, the content of chrysophanol with anti-oxidation effect increased significantly. The decreasing of combined anthraquinone can relieve the severe laxative effect of rhubarb.