Under market economy, It is of important significance to realize correctly the double natures of health service which affect medical morals in positive and negative, and to find out the relationship between the natures. The countermeasures to construct medical moral engineering are as followings:to Lay-out integrally, develop in every sides and carry out in several steps,to grasp the guide of value and strengthen the principles of medical morals,and to arise the degree of taking part in and have the aid of propagating medium and social opinion.

Objective To analyze the infection among nursing staff after occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and status of HIV-infected nursing staff,provide basis for prevention of HIV infection among nursing staff.Methods Nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure in a hospital between January 2004 and June 2015,nurses with positive anti-HIV and admitted to this hospital,consulted in outpatient department,as well as consulted outside this hospital between January 2001 and December 2015 were and analyzed,HIV infection status among nurse's mate was also analyzed.Results 76 nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure didn't infect with HIV after received standard treatment and follow-up.Among 13 nurses infected with HIV,3 might be with occupational exposure infection previously,5 were with blood transfusion-related infection in the 1990s,4 were with sexually transmitted infection(including 2 male nurses who had sex with man,MSM),1 case with infection of unknown transmission route;secondary transmission occurred in 2 cases;9 nurses are still alive.The infected nurses have received effective antiretroviral treatment and then work at the logistic or administrative department.Conclusion Nurses often suffer from occupational exposure to HIV,occupational exposure infection may occur in the absence of the implementation of standardized management,implementation of standardized management is essential to avoid the occupational exposure of HIV.Sexual transmission(including MSM)has become an important transmission route for HIV infection among nurses.

Objective To evaluate the biological effect of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) on the proliferation and multi-directional differentiation of stem cells from rat apical papilla(SCAP).Methods SCAP was extracted by combining enzyme digestion method with tissue block method.The cells were divided into control group(TNF-α 0 ng/mL) and experimental group(TNF-α 5,10,20,50 ng/mL).The ability of proliferation of SCAP was measured by MTT method.The ability of osteogenic/dentinogenic differentiation of SCAP was measured by alizarin red staining and quantitative real-time PCR.The ability of adipogenic of SCAP was measured by oil red O staining.The expression of vascular related genes of SCAP was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.Results SCAP was consistent with the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and possessed the ability of multi-directional differentiation.The MTT results showed that experimental group promoted the proliferation of SCAP in comparison with the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and 10 ng/mL was the optimum concentration.The results of alizarin red staining showed that with the increase of the concentration of TNF-α,the mineralized nodules in the experimental group gradually became smaller,and the number of the formation decreased gradually.The results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression of OC,DMP-1 and DSPP in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 3 and 7 days,in which the expression of OC was statistically significant different(P<0.05);at 14 days,the expression of OC,DMP-1 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The result of Oil red O staining showed that with the increase of the concentration of TNF-α,the lipid droplets formation in the experimental group gradually decreased.The result of quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression of ANGPT1,VEGFA,PECAM-1 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion TNF-α might promote the proliferation and inhibit the multi-directional differentiation of SCAP.

In order to study the effects of Ca2+ in the biosynthesis of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) induced by salicylic acid (SA) in the young seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza, we used confocal laser scanning microscopy and high performance liquid chromatography to measure the change of relative fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ and the contents of Sal B induced by SA before and after the application of extracellular calcium channel inhibitors (VP and LaCl3), intracellular calcium channel inhibitor (LiCl), as well as intracellular calmodulin antagonist (TFP). SA could induce the calcium burst, and the Ca2+ peak could last to 2-3 min in the guard cells of S. miltiorrhiza, which prompted the biosynthesis of Sal B after the Ca2+ burst. Both Vp or LaCl3, and LiCl or TFP could inhibit the burst of Ca2+ and the biosynthesis of Sal B. The above results demonstrated that Ca2+ from the extracellular and the intracellular calcium store regulate the biosynthesis of Sal B elicited by salicylic acid in S. miltiorrhiz young seedlings.
Benzofurans ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Salicylic Acid ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Objective To explore the effects of military stress on memory function in battlefield environment confined intensive training of peace-keeping soldiers.Methods 41 peace-keeping soldiers were chosen as the research objects.They were tested the memory function,respectively after they trained intensely in the domestic and in Sudan for five months.The memory function included verbal memory:WHO-UCLA auditory verbal learning test (immediate recall,the insert test,the short time delay memories,long delayed recall,long delayed recognition,visual memory) using the Rey Ostereitb Complex Figure (graphics copy and graphic delayed recall).Results The peace-keeping soldiers got lower scores in the insert tested(4.59±2.03) and graphics copy(35.85± 0.36) than in the domestic (4.85 ± 2.21,35.71 ± 0.46,P＞ 0.05),but there was no significant difference.They got lower scores in the immediate recall (41.68±9.87),the short time delay memories (9.27±2.77),long delayed recall (9.12±2.99),long delayed recognition (27.56± 1.70),and graphic delayed recall (16.90± 6.16) than those in the domestic(51.68±8.63,11.73±2.15,12.24± 1.96,29.00± 1.43,23.15±7.16,P＜0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion The peace-keeping soldiers battlefield environment stress has a certain effect on the soldiers' memory function.

Objective To investigate the effect of extract ofTangshen-HuazhuoRecipe(TSHZR) on the serum concentrations of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1) and platelet derived growth factor(PDGF) in patients withⅣ stage of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods From June 2012 to December 2012, 98 patients ofⅣstage DN in our hospital outpatient were enrolled and randomly divided into treatment group(n=48) and control group(n=50) using random number table. All patients received conventional therapies of controlling blood sugar, lipid, blood pressure and anticoagulant therapy. On such basis, the control group was treated by irbesartan, 150 mg/d, and the treated group treated by TSHZR combined with irbesartan,150 mg/d, for 6 months. Serum TGF-β1 and PDGF were determined with ELISA before and after treatment,and urinary albumin excretion rate,HbA1c,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and lipid profiles were examined as well. ResultsIn the treated group, the TGF-β1 was(172.5±31.3), (123.6±21.2)pg/ml, the PDGF was(860.9± 131.2), (500.6±130.2)pg/ml before the treatment and after the treatment, respectively. The TGF-β1 and PDGF after the treatment were significantly decreased than those before the treatment(P<0.01). After the treatment, TGF-β1 and PDGF in the treated group were statistically significant compared to the control group[TGF-β1 is(157.4±39.6)pg/ml, PDGF is(765.7±161.8)]pg/ml,P<0.01). After the treatment, the treatment group was superior to the control group in TG(1.72±0.25)mmol/L,(2.09±0.27)mmol/L,(P<0.01), TC(4.56± 0.64)mmol/L,(6.11±0.93)mmol/L, (P<0.01), HDL-C(1.56±0.50)mmol/L,(1.36±0.44)mmol/L, (P<0.01), LDL-C(2.46±1.08)mmol/L(3.32±0.87)mmol/L,(P<0.05)and UAER(100.73±204.24)μg/min, (226.24±396.38)μg/min, (P<0.01).Conclusion TSHZR can inhibit the progressive of IV stage of diabetic nephropathy by suppressing TGF-β1 and PDGF expression level.

Objective To measure the macular thickness of natural population in Changping district of Beijing by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to analyze whether there is an increased thickness in diabetic patients.Methods In a cross-sectional population-based study, OCT was performed on 521 subjects (233 with normal glucose homeostasis, 174 with pre-diabetes and 114 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to 2011 Health Examination Survey of Changping.The subjects also received physical examination and laboratory measurements including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-2 h plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).Results The results showed that central subfield thickness (CST) of the retina of men ((246±22) μm) was significantly greater than that of women ((235±26) μm) (P＜0.001).Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the CST in subjects of different age, HbAlc and body mass index (BMI) (P＞0.05).Difference in thickness of different glucose groups was not seen in central subfield, inner subfields and outer subfields(P＞0.05).Conclusions Retina CST of men was significantly greater than that of women.No significant difference was found in the CST in subjects of different age, HbA1c and BMI.

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of Shenghua pills and establish the best method for the TLC identification and the HPLC determination of effective components to provide an effective method and reliable basis for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Shenghua pills. Methods:TLC was used for the identification of angelica,Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Licorice. Ferulic acid was determined by HPLC,and the separation was performed on an Agilent 5 TC- C18(2)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)column using a mixture of methanol-5% acetic acid solution(25 :75) as the mobile phase with the detection wavelength at 322 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1and the column temperature was room temperature. Results:Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels.,Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. could be detected by TLC. Ferulic acid was linear within the range of 1.28-20.51 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.47% with the RSD of 0.36% (n=6).Conclusion:The method can be used to efficiently extract the active components in Shenghua pills. The method is feasible,accurate and reproducible. It can be used for the quality con-trol of Shenghua pills.

OBJECTIVETo examine the prevalence and the sequence of the genes of new genotypes of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in Guangxi, China.

METHODSSerum samples were collected from 85 intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), 80 patients with liver diseases (PLDs) and 50 blood donors (BDs). All sera (n=215) were tested by using EIA for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV, and by using nested PCR for HGV RNA. In 62 subjects positive for HGV, HGV RNA was sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed for analyzing genotypes of HGV.

RESULTSHGV RNA was detected in 85 of 215 serum samples (39.53%). The positivity rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV were 39.07%, 42.79% and 0, respectively. First, 11 nucleotide sequences were determined and the isolates were grouped into three clusters with HGV. 5 of 11 HGV isolates clustered in a distinct phylogenetic branch (genotype Asia) which was different from the described GBV-C and HGV sequences, suggesting the presence of a new genotype of HGV in this locality. Second, 51 nucleotide sequences were determined and analyzed for their genotypes of HGV, and showed genotype GBV-C (3.23%), genotype HGV 30-65% and new genotype (genotype Asia) 64.51%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThere were subgenotypes in 3 genotypes of HGV; The predominant genotypes of HGV were genotype Asia and genotype HGV among IVDAs, PLDs, and BDs patients in Guangxi, China.

Adult ; Blood Donors ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; GB virus C ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Genotype ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; virology ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; virology