Objective To explore the association of HbA1C with microvascular complications,and to evaluate the diagnostic value of HbA1C in diabetes mellitus in high-risk populations of Guangzhou.Methods HbA1C,blood glucose,fundus photography,and microalbuminuria were detected in 208 permanent residents with high-risk factors of diabetes.The receiver operating characteristiC(ROC)curves were used to estimate the area of HbA1C,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial 2 h plasma glucose(2hPG)under the curve for discriminating microvascular complications.Results There were 14.9% adults suffering from diabetic retinopathy and 12% microalbuminuria in high risk populations of diabetes.The optimal cutoff points of HbA1C,FPG,and 2hPG in detecting retinopathy were 5.8%,7.0 mmol/L,and 10.9 mmol/L respectively.The thresholds for increasing prevalence of microalbuminuria were5.8% for HbA1C,6.4 mmol/L for FPG,and 10.7 mmol/L for 2hPG.Conclusions The prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications increases dramatically at the concentration of HbA1C 5.8%.As a diagnostic value for microvascular complications,there is no significant difference between HbA1C and 2hPG.

An "exosome" is a nano-grade biological membrane structure with a diameter of 40 nm-130 nm from cell endocytosis.Exosomes,which are enriched with a subset of proteins,nucleic acid and lipids,represent an important manner for the intercellular communication and exchanging of substances.Exosomes play a critical role at the pathological state such as tumor metastasis as well as in normal physiological state.Metastasis is the main characteristics of malignant tumors.It is the leading cause of tumor recurrence,treatment failure and death.This paper reviewed the current understanding of relationship between exosomes,tumor metastasis and their potential applications as antimetastasis strategy from biosynthesis inhibition,drug delivery system construction and metastasis related signal pathway blocking based on targeting exosomes,especially introduced the future prospects of exosome as drug vehicles for metastasis treatment.With further progress in research,this kind of strategy will be beneficial to anti-tumor metastasis treatment.