Objective:To explore the status quo of nurse-patient communication ability in undergraduate nursing students in the early stage of clinical practice and its influencing factors, and provide a basis for clinical nursing education managers to formulate a training plan for communication skills of undergraduate nursing students in the clinical practice stage.Methods:From August to September 2019, totally 960 undergraduate nursing students engaging in clinical nursing practice for≤3 months were investigated. The survey content included demographic data, training content of nurse-patient communication ability, and clinical communication ability of nursing students. The status quo and influencing factors of communication ability of undergraduate nursing students in the early stage of clinical practice were analyzed.Results:The nurse-patient communication ability score of 960 undergraduate nursing students in the early stage of clinical practice was (2.18±0.21) , with the highest score in the dimension of acute listening (2.42±0.51) and the lowest score in the dimension of verification feeling (1.88±0.51) . Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the nurse-patient communication ability in the early stage of clinical practice between undergraduate nursing students with different gender, with or without training for nurse-patient communication in the early stage of clinical practice in the hospital and with different training forms ( P<0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the nurse-patient communication ability score of undergraduate nursing students in the early stage of clinical practice was positively correlated with the number of nurse-patient communication training sessions in the hospital ( r=0.456, P<0.01) . According to multiple linear regression analysis, the number of training sessions and training forms in the hospital were main influencing factors to the nurse-patient communication ability of undergraduate nursing students in the early stage of clinical practice ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The level of nurse-patient communication ability in undergraduate nursing students in the early stage of clinical practice is low and needs to be further improved. Clinical nursing teaching managers should formulate effective training programs based on its influencing factors to strengthen training accordingly.

Objective:To investigate the status of secondary victim effect of nurses in tertiary hospitals after adverse events and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. The convenient sampling method was used to select nurses from tertiary hospitals in Beijing, Shanxi and Shandong Province from October to December 2019 as the survey objects. The general information questionnaire and the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) were used to investigate them. Through single factor analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis, influencing factors of second victims of nurses were analyzed. A total of 2 163 online questionnaires were distributed and 2 040 were effectively recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.3%.Results:Among them, 813 nurses reported adverse event experiences, which were included in the study analysis. The total score of second victim effect of 813 nurses was (58.01±15.32) . Among the average scores of each dimension item, the score of "psychological distress" was the highest and the score of "management support" was the lowest, which were respectively (3.20±1.04) and (2.02±0.90) . The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the total scores of the second victim effect of nurses in different departments, marital status, professional title and employment nature ( P<0.05) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that department, professional title and employment nature were the influencing factors of the second victim effect of nurses. The employment nature, marital status and departments had effects on the physiological distress of the second victim, and adverse event classification and departments had an effect on the psychological distress of second victims. Conclusions:The occurrence of adverse events has a moderate impact on the second victim of nurses in tertiary hospitals. Nurses are faced with more serious psychological distress, and the support they feel mainly depends on "management support", which is affected by many factors. Hospital administrators should take a positive view of the second victim effect, pay attention to the physical and mental health of nurses experiencing the role of second victim and provide effective support for different influencing factors.

Objective To construct a key nursing technology system for the treatment of patients exposed to nuclear radiation in hospitals,and provide technical guidance and support for emergency nursing rescue in hospitals of nuclear radiation accidents.Methods A research group was composed of a team with rich experience in nuclear radiation accidents.Based on 4 scenarios of nuclear radiation accidents(including external irradiation,internal irradiation,external contamination,internal contamination),the literature search was conducted to form the first draft of the system.Delphi method was used to complete 2 rounds of expert letter consultation,and the final draft of the key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure was constructed according to the revised opinions of experts.Results A total of 16 experts completed 2 rounds of correspondence.The effective recovery rates were 100％and 80％;the recommendation rates were 65％and 50％;the authority coefficients(Cr)were 0.778 and 0.797;the coefficient of variation(CV)of the 2 rounds of expert letter consultation was ≤0.25.Finally,a key nursing technology system for in-hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure was formed,including 5 first-level indicators,26 second-level indicators and 74 third-level indicators.Conclusion The constructed key nursing technology system for hospital treatment of patients with nuclear radiation exposure is highly practical and scientific,and it is conducive to the formation of standardized nuclear radiation exposure treatment procedures,and provides a theoretical basis for the training and evaluation of nursing staff related to nuclear radiation exposure.

Objective:To construct the teaching quality evaluation index system for clinical teachers of undergraduate nursing students based on teaching managers' perspective so as to provide a basis for clinical teaching management of undergraduate nursing students.Methods:From May 2018 to September 2019, the expert enquiry questionnaire on the teaching quality evaluation index system for clinical teachers of undergraduate nursing students based on teaching managers' perspective was developed by the literature review and expert interview. Delphi technique was used to select 20 nursing teaching management experts, 16 of them from 4 ClassⅢ Grade A teaching hospitals in Beijing, 4 of them from a nursing undergraduate university to carry out two rounds of expert enquiry.Results:The initial construction of the teaching quality evaluation index system for clinical teachers of undergraduate nursing students based on teaching managers' perspective included 5 first-level indexes and 30 second-level indexes. The valid recovery rates, expert authoritative coefficients, Kendall coordination coefficients of two rounds of expert enquiry questionnaire were 100%, 0.83 and 0.86, 0.395 and 0.554 respectively ( P<0.01) with the satisfied consistency test results and credible enquiry results. Conclusions:The construction of the teaching quality evaluation index system for clinical teachers of undergraduate nursing students based on teaching managers' perspective is scientifically rigorous. The system has definite evaluation indexes, rational administrative levels, objective and reliable system which could provide a basis for clinical teaching management of undergraduate nursing students.

Objective:To establish a competency assessment system for nutritional support specialist nurses, so as to provide reference basis for training reform, functional performance, and improvement of nursing service quality for nutritional support specialist nurses.Methods:Based on the practice standards of nutrition support specialist nurses published by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the draft of the competency assessment system for nutrition support specialist nurses was developed through literature search and group discussion. From November 2021 to February 2022, two rounds of expert letter consultation were conducted with 15 experts by Delphi method, indicators were screened and modified according to expert suggestions, and the final competency assessment system for nutrition support specialist nurses was formed.Results:The effective response rates of the two rounds of expert inquiry questionnaires were 93.3% (14/15) and 100.0% (15/15) , with expert authority coefficients of 0.922 and 0.917, respectively. In the first round of expert consultation, 50.0% (3/6) of the first-level indicators agreed with a percentage≥80.0%, and 64.9% (24/37) of the second-level indicators agreed with a percentage≥80.0%. In the second round of expert letter consultation, the agreement percentage of the first and second indicators were≥80.0%. The final competency assessment system for nutrition support specialist nurses included 6 first-level indicators (practical ability, communication and coordination ability, education and consultation ability, legal and ethical decision-making ability, scientific research ability, leadership) and 29 second-level indicators.Conclusions:The competency assessment system for nutritional support specialist nurses constructed in this study is scientific, reasonable, and highly reliable, which can be used to standardize the training process of nutritional support specialist nurses, promote personal development.

Objective:To construct a structured education course for patients with neurogenic bladder during the rehabilitation period.Methods:This study consisted three stages of current situation survey, literature search, and expert consultation. From February 2022 to February 2023, a current survey was conducted on the self-management needs of 62 patients with neurogenic bladder. In April 2023, a literature search was conducted to summarize the best evidence on nursing and management of neurogenic bladder, and form the initial version of course indicators and content. From April to May 2023, 14 experts were selected for consultation, and the Delphi method was used to demonstrate the course indicators and content, and to construct the final draft of the course.Results:A total of 62 patients with neurogenic bladder were included, they have requirements for water management, bladder function training, and dietary requirements, etc. A total of 2 053 articles were retrieved, and 14 articles were ultimately included, including eight guidelines, four evidence summaries, one expert consensus, and one systematic review. The expert authority coefficients for the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. The Kendall coordination coefficient of various indicators in the second round of expert consultation was 0.227 to 0.288 ( P<0.01). After two rounds of expert consultation, a structured education course for patients with neurogenic bladder during the rehabilitation period was finally developed, including six primary indicators, 21 secondary indicators, and 30 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The structured education course for patients with neurogenic bladder during the rehabilitation period, based on current situation survey, high-quality evidence, and expert consultation, is comprehensive in content and reasonably designed, which can provide supportive assistance for future nursing health education and management for patients with neurogenic bladder.

The responsibility of root is absorbing water and nutrients, it is an important plant tissue, but easily to be affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, affecting crop growth and yield. The design of a synthetic root-specific promoter provides candidate promoters for the functional analysis and efficient expression of stress-related genes in crop roots. In this study, a synthetic root-specific module (pro-SRS) was designed using tandem four-copies of root specific cis-acting elements (OSE1ROOTNODULE, OSE2ROOTNODULE, SP8BFIBSP8AIB, and ROOTMOTIFAPOX1), and fused with minimal promoter from the CaMV 35S promoter to synthesize an artificially synthetic SRSP promoter. The SRSP promoter was cloned in pCAMBIA2300.1 by replacing CaMV 35S promoter so as to drive GUS expression. The constructs with SRSP promoter were transformed in tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated method. SRSP promoter conferred root-specific expression in transgenic tobacco plants through Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis and GUS histochemical staining analysis. It is indicated that the repeated arrangement of cis-acting elements can realize the expected function of the promoter. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the rational design of tissue-specific promoters.
Agrobacterium ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Stress, Physiological ; Tobacco ; genetics ; growth & development ; Transformation, Genetic