Objective] This paper aims to excavate the acupuncture clinical characteristics of Hua Tuo and its clinical value, in order to promote the inheritance and development of acupuncture and moxibustion science. [Methods] To summarize the acupuncture clinical characteristics of Hua Tuo through arranging and epurating from classical books which recording about Hua Tuo. [Results] The clinical characteristics in acupuncture of Hua Tuo are scattered in several classic medical or non-medical books, including Records of Three Kingdoms, History of the Later Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo Biography, Zhongzang Canon, Internal Illumination Method, Hua Tuo Shen Yi Mi Chuan, Prescriptions for Emergent Reference and so on. The acupuncture clinical characteristics of Hua Tuo are shown in several aspects:choose the best acupoints and pay attention to spirit management, not constrained by Yellow Emperor ’s Canon of Medicine and set up Hua Tuo Jiaji Point, advocate moxibustion and good at treatment of emergency, apply moxibustion according to the condition and pay attention to dosages of moxibustion, skillfully acupuncture manipulation and familiar under the needle;combined acupuncture and moxbustion and flexible application. [Conclusion] Hua Tuo had distinct characteristics in acupoint selection, mental state regulation, acupuncture manipulation, moxibustion method and so on, and played guiding role on contemporary acupuncture clinical and research work.

The academic contribution of HUA Tuo to acupuncture, such as HUA Tuo Jiaji points, the drawing of viscera and channels, "diagnosis by observing the eyes", focusing on the clinical application of moxibustion, being the first to treat headache with Geshu (BL 17), selecting essential acupoints and paying attention to spirit management, etc. were summarized in this paper. It was believed that HUA Tuo made an outstanding contribution to acupuncture, which still had important guiding significance and academic value for clinical acupuncture and research work.
Acupuncture ; history ; manpower ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; Books ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been widely applied in clinical study of acupuncture and moxibustion, and the real-world study (RWS) has gradually become an important way of clinical research in the world in recent years. It is worthy of our in-depth study and discussion that how to evaluate the advantages and limitations of EBM and RWS as well as their reasonable application in clinical study of acupuncture and moxibustion. The characteristics and difference between RWS and EBM, and the situation of acupuncture clinical research methods are discussed in this paper. It is proposed that we should understand the advantages of RWS in acupuncture clinical research, fully realize the limitations of EBM and RWS, recognize the complexity and particularity of RWS, and apply EBM and RWS into acupuncture clinical research. Meanwhile acupuncture clinical manipulation standardization should be further promoted, which is benefit to develop clinical study, improve clinical efficacy and promote the popularization of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Biomedical Research ; standards ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Moxibustion ; standards

Pathogenic dampness can cause many diseases, and that is why traditional Chinese medicine pays close attention to pathogenic dampness. In recent years many researches discovered that dampness diseases and aquaporin have close correlation. By analyzing the progress in research on correlation between dampness diseases and aquaporin, it is discovered that aquaporin has close correlation with urinary system, digestive system, respiratory system and central nervous system. Normal expression of aquaporin may be the molecular biological basis of dispelling dampness, while abnormal expression may be one of the main causes for dampness diseases. Studying the correlation between dampness diseases and aquaporin has quite important significance in understanding mechanism of dampness diseases and formulating treatment protocols.

To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC6) and Xinshu (BL15) on the nerve electrical activity in spinal dorsal root and norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI).

To establish a rat model of ulcerative colitis with syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnancy.

Objective To compare the effects of mild moxibustion at different frequencies on sub-health state, and to discuss the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of moxibustion in treating sub-health state. Method Totally 108 subjects were divided by using random number table into group Ⅰ (36 cases), group Ⅱ (36 cases) and group Ⅲ (36 cases). Same acupoints were selected for the three groups, including Guanyuan (CV3), bilateral Zusanli (ST36), and bilateral Sanyinjiao (SP6). A moxa stick was ignited at one end to treat the corresponding points, 3-4 cm away from the skin, making the topical area hot but without burning pain. Each point was treated for 10 min, till the skin flushed. The 3 groups were respectively treated once a day, once every other day, and once a week, 1 month as a treatment course, totally for 2 courses. The Sub-health Symptoms Scale, immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated and statistically analyzed before and after intervention. Result The total effective rate was 87.9% in group Ⅰ, 84.8% in group Ⅱ, and 34.3% in group Ⅲ. The paired comparisons showed that there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P>0.05), while group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were both significantly different from group Ⅲ (P<0.05). After intervention, the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, and SOD were significantly increased in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05), but the increases in group Ⅲ were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic efficacy of mild moxibustion for sub-health is related to the treatment frequency, and frequencies at once a day and once every other day both can produce significant efficacies, which are superior to that of moxibustion at once a week.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between phenotypes and genotypes of clinical isolates of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.METHODS Agar dilution method was used to test the MICs of 11 antibiotics against 67 ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae strains.PCR was performed for amplifying ?-lactamase-encoding genes of SHV-,TEM-,and CTX-M-type,and the PCR products of some strains were cloned and sequenced to identify their gene serotypes.RESULTS With no imipenem-resistant strains among 67 strains,their resistant rates to 10 kinds of antibiotics were 10.45-89.55% The cross-resistant rates to aminoglycosides of 60 strains and to ?-lactams of 44 strains were 88.33% and 40.91%,respectively.The positive rates of SHV-,TEM-,and CTX-M-type for 67 strains were 91.04%,56.72% and 28.36%,respectively,and SHV-12,TEM-1 and CTX-M-3 genotypes were found in 7 strains by cloning and sequencing.CONCLUSIONS Sixty seven strains of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae present a clear feature of multi-resistance and cross-resistance to most of antibiotics except imipenem,among them there are 7 strains producing SHV-12 and CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum ?-lactamase coexistent with TEM-1 broad-spectrum ?-lactamase.

The benefits of early enteral nutrition (EEN) during critical illness have been widely accepted by global experts. To popularize this new concept and provide standardized, reasonable and effective EEN therapy for critically ill patients in China, more than 20 experts from throughout the country discussed and developed this consensus. We used the GRADE approach for consensus development, focusing on important clinical issues such as nutrition assessment, initiating mode, route selection and tolerance monitoring of EEN support therapy for current critically ill patients. This consensus would be certainly help for intensive care physicians in the clinical application of EEN support therapy for critically ill patients.
China ; Consensus ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans

Objective To investigate the changes in blood pressure and serum norepinephrine after stretching the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia.Methods The superior cervical sympathetic ganglia of 10 rabbits were stretched to simulate the physical stimulation of cervicogenic hypertension.The blood pressure and content of norepinephrine in serum were observed and the observations were correlated.Results The rabbits' blood pressure had risen significantly after the stretching.The content of norepinephrine in serum had also increased significantly.The changes in blood pressure and norepinephrine content showed significant correlation.Conclusion The changes in blood pressure and serum norepinephrine after stretching of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia show significant correlation,at least in rabbits.