Potency is one of the most important indexes of inactivated vaccines.A number of methods have been established to assay the potency,of which the NIH test and single-dose mouse protection test are the prescribed methods.Here,we report a method to semi-quantitatively assay the potency of an inactivated rabies vaccine,which uses fewer animals and takes less time to complete.Depending on the quality requirements of a vaccine(e.g.minimum potency),a rabies reference vaccine is,for example,diluted to the minimum potency,and 50 μL of the dilution is taken to inoculate 10 mice.The same amount of the test rabies vaccine is inoculated into another 10 mice.After two weeks,all mice are bled and serum samples are assayed for viral neutralizing antibody by the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization(FAVN) test.By comparing the median and interquartile range of antibody titers of the reference vaccine with those of the test vaccine,the test vaccine potency can be semi-quantitatively judged as to whether it is in accord with the required quality.The reliability of this method was also confirmed in dogs.The procedure can be recommended for batch potency testing during inactivated rabies vaccine production.

To develop a safe and effective new generation vaccine for IRKV-THChina12 prevention, we constructed a non-replicative recombinant human adenovirus carrying the IRKV-THChina12 G gene, named as rAd5-IRKV-G. The IRKV-THChina12 G protein expressed by the recombinant human adenovirus in 293AD cells was detected by western blot and indirect immunofluorescence test. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant, mice were immunized with rAd5-IRKV-G by intramuscular (i. m.) or intraperitoneal (i. p.) route and with non-exogenous gene expressing wild type adenovirus wt-rAd5 as a control. Results showed that the rAd5-IRKV-G could induce continuous and statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) anti-IRKV neutralizing antibody (NA) production in immunized mice by i. m. or i. p. route. In particular, no significant difference (P > 0.05) of the NA titers between the two administration routes were observed, that provides an alternative choice for animal immunization method in the future application.
Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; immunology ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunization ; Lyssavirus ; enzymology ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Rhabdoviridae Infections ; immunology ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Virus Replication

Objective To investigate if anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) of the right cerebellum improves verbal working memory in amnesic persons with mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods Thirty-nine aMCI were randomly divided into an observation and a control group using a random number table.The observation group was given atDCS at 1.2 mA for 20 minutes every day for 5 days,while the control group was provid ed with fake atDCS in the same way.Before and after the treatment,both groups were tested using forward and back ward digit spans,word reading,visually cued sensorimotor tests and finger tapping.Results After the treatment,the forward and backward digit spans of the observation group had improved significantly compared with before the treatment and with the control group's improvements.Significant improvement was observed in the average backward digit span of the control group,but not in their forward digit span after the treatment.No significant differences be tween the two groups were observed in the other measurements before or after the treatment.Conclusion Direct current stimulation of the cerebellum may improve the verbal working memory deficits of aMCI.Further research should be conducted to find the mechanism.

0.05).CONCLUSION:The patient with Broca aphasia is independent in the course of the orthographic input,and the ability to retrieve semantic information from orthographic activation word may not affected by phonological lexicon.

Objective To test reliability and validity of a verbal behavior assessment scale (VerBAS). Methods The VerBAS was used to evaluate 20 patients with speech disorder repeatedly by the same investigator with a two week interval to assess its reliability. The construct validity of the VerBAS was evaluated by using it to evaluate 235 patients with speech disorder. Results The test-retest correlation coefficient γ was 0.723,which was significant at the 5% confidence level. Cronbach'a a=0.819. Three distinct factors were identified: receptive speech,communicative speech and delineative speech;and their accumulated variance contribution was 83%. Conclusion The Verbal Behavior Assessment Scale had satisfactory reliability and validity, It can be used to evaluate the patients with speech disorder and could provide a reference for speech rehabilitation training.

To test the hypothesis that the controlled reperfusion of warm blood cardioplegiacontaining mannitol would result in more effectively improved recovery of myocardial function by prevent-ing or reducing a potentially harmful component of reperfusion. Methods: Thirty-two cats were divided in-to four groups. Group Ⅰwas not subjected to ischemia or reperfusion injury. Group Ⅱ was subjected to60 min hypothermic ischemia. Group Ⅲwas subjected to 60 min hypothermic ischemia and 60 min reperfu-sion. Group Ⅳ was controlled reperfusion with warm blood cardioplegia containing mannitol. Results:Myocardial functlon was significantly depressed after 60 min reperfusion- Increased myocardial water con-tent and low ATP c0ntent were observed also. Controlled reperfusion with warm bl0od cardioplegia con-taining mannitol was helpful to improve the recovery of myocardial function and ATP content, and to re-duce the myocardial water content. Conclusion: These results indicate that controlled reperfusion after is-chemia provides benefit in avoiding myocardium from reperfusion injury.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic olmesartan in treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension in comparison with losartan. Methods Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, paralleded and active-controlled trial, and were divided into olmesartan group (olmesartan 20 mg + losartan 50 mg placebo) and losartan group (losartan 50 mg + olmesartan 20 mg placebo) for a 8-week therapy. Four weeks after treatment, dosages of drugs were doubled in patients with seated diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa). All patients were followed up every two weeks, and the efficacy and adverse effects were observed. Another 32 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled and given olmesartan only, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed before and 8 weeks after treatment. Results Compared with those before treatment, both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased in olmesartan group and losartan group 8 weeks after treatment [(15.2 ±13.3) mmHg and (19.5 ±11.8) mmHg, respectively for systolic blood pressure (P <0.001); (15.9 ±7.48) mmHg and (16.2 ± 5.95) mmHg, respectively for diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01) ], while there was no significant difference between these two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in total effective rate and incidence of adverse effect between these two groups (86.9% vs 93.7% and 7.63% vs 5.88% , P > 0.05) . Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring demonstrated that trough to peak ratios of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 86% and 71%, respectively. Conclusion Domestic olmesaratan provides an effective, safe and long action in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for metastasis of lymph nodes between sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscle (LNSS) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: Papillary thyroid cancer patients with clinically positive lateral lymph node metastasis (cN1) who underwent surgery including LNSS dissection between May 1, 2013 and May 31, 2016 at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were retrospectively studied. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate possible clinicopathological factors related to LNSS metastasis. Results: In 85 patients, 54 patients (63.5%) showed LNSS in their surgical specimen, and 20 patients (23.5%) had pathologically positive LNSS metastasis. Patients with LNSS showed preoperatively higher levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) compared to patients only with fibrofatty tissues between sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscle (P<0.05), and they also displayed a higher proportion of multifocality in ipsilateral thyroid lobe (P<0.05). Multi-factor analysis indicated that LNSS metastasis was correlated with original tumor size (OR=1.819, 95%CI 1.050-3.850, P=0.002) and Level Ⅳ lymph node metastasis (OR=2.190, 95%CI 1.132-2.334, P=0.005). Furthermore, the number of positive LNSS was tightly correlated to that of level Ⅳ lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). Conclusion LNSS metastasis is occult but not quite rare in PTC. Patients with extensive lymph node metastasis in Level Ⅳhave a higher risk for metastasis of LNSS.