OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutics of complex calculi in solitary kidney, and to improve the effect and safety of treatment.

METHODSExperiences in the treatment of 42 patients were summarized. All patients were with mould or multiple calculi, 8 cases were complicated with ureter calculi, and 6 cases were hospitalized because of obstructive anuria. The patients with mould calculi received extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) prior to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). While the patients with multiple calculi received PCNL prior to ESWL. Some cases were treated by lithotripsy.

RESULTSThirty-six cases (86%) were cured by ESWL combined with PCNL. Eleven cases received lithotripsy during PCNL. The 6 cases with obstructive anuria recovered in 12 hours after emergent ESWL or lithotripsy; 6 cases (14%) underwent open operation because of deformity or obstruction in renal pelvis and ureter; 2 cases have to keep nephrostomy because of repeated infection. Followed up 6-18 months, 38 cases (86%) keep good kidney function; 5 cases (14%) had renal insufficiency; 4 cases (11%) reoccurred calculi.

CONCLUSIONSThe therapeutics of ESWL combined with PCNL may clear complex calculi of solitary kidney effectively and safe. It is necessary to take emergent ESWL in renal obstructive calculi cases. And the patients with lower ureter obstructive calculi may take lithotripsy first. It is proper to choose open operation on the patients with deformity of renal pelvis or obstruction of ureter.

Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; abnormalities ; Kidney Calculi ; therapy ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteral Calculi ; therapy ; Ureteroscopy

Objective To investigate how gene silence of CD40 by small interfering RNA(siRNA)influences the balance between Th1 / Th2 and Th17 / Treg in rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis(EAM). Methods Lewis rats were divided into a normal - control group,EAM group,CD40 siRNA - therapy group and siRNA - control group by using random number table. EAM,CD40 siRNA - therapy and siRNA - control groups were immunized on day 0 and day 7 with purified porcine cardiac myosin to establish EAM,and CD40 siRNA was administered intravenously on day 7. The basic data of each group were observed,and the rats were executed on day 21 to study the pathology of myo-cardial tissues and the myocardial histopathology scores were calculated,and than the changes in electrocardiograms (ECG)and echocardiogram were recorded. Enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the levels of interferon(IFN) - γ,interleukin(IL) - 10,IL - 17 and transforming growth factor(TGF)- β in peripheral blood. Results (1)The overall incidence of EAM,CD40 siRNA - therapy and siRNA - control group was 100% ,and no rats died from day 0 to day 21.(2)There were only 2 premature rats in EAM and siRNA - control groups,and the ECGs of normal - control group and CD40 siRNA - therapy group were normal.(3)The echocardiogram of EAM,CD40 siRNA - therapy and siRNA - control group,displayed the left ventricular dilatation,hypertrophy of the left ventricle, the weakening of the left ventricular wall motion,and heart failure,and pericardial effusion was discovered. The left ven-tricular fractional shortening(LVFS)and the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)of rats treated by CD40 siRNA were higher than those of rats in the EAM group[(46. 70 ± 8. 25)% vs(34. 28 ± 11. 81)% ,(80. 92 ± 11. 76)% vs (64. 03 ± 12. 60)% ,F = 0. 652,0. 234,all P ﹤ 0. 05].(4)Pathologic examination of the EAM group,CD40 siRNA therapy group and siRNA control groups,showed myocardial fiber fracture,myocardial tissue necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. But myocardial tissue pathological scores of the cardiac tissue of CD40 siRNA therapy group was lower than those of the EAM group(2. 10 ± 1. 07 vs 3. 40 ± 0. 72,F = 1. 290,P ﹤ 0. 05).(5)ELISA method examination re-vealed that the levels of IFN - γ,IL - 4,IL - 17 and TGF - β in EAM group were increased compared with those of nor-mal control group[(1 245. 55 ± 244. 56)ng/ L vs(501. 53 ± 18. 93)ng/ L,(78. 03 ± 10. 47)ng/ L vs(30. 77 ± 1. 74)ng/ L,(80. 82 ± 13. 33)ng/ L vs(27. 98 ± 3. 01)ng/ L,(156. 27 ± 12. 11)ng/ L vs(4. 33 ± 0. 79)ng/ L,t =7. 408,10. 764,9. 250,30. 608,all P ﹤ 0. 05]. However,the levels of IFN - γ and IL - 17 in CD40 siRNA therapy group were lower than those in the EAM group[(940. 62 ± 128. 40)ng/ L vs(1 245. 55 ± 244. 56)ng/ L,(60. 42 ± 12. 40) ng/ L vs(80. 82 ± 13. 33)ng/ L,t = 2. 704,2. 745,all P ﹤ 0. 05],while the levels of IL - 4 and TGF - β were higher [(97. 91 ± 13. 62)ng/ L vs(78. 03 ± 10. 47)ng/ L,(178. 84 ± 12. 10)ng/ L vs(156. 27 ± 12. 11)ng/ L,t = 2. 835, 3. 229,all P ﹤ 0. 05]. Conclusions The administration of CD40 siRNA markedly reduces myocardial inflammation of EAM rats and improves their cardiac function,which can be explained by Th1 - type and Th17 - type cytokines inhibi-ted,Th2 - type and Treg - type cytokines increased,and so then the imbalance of Th1 / Th2 and Th17 / Treg corrected.

Objective: To explore the impact of the personal rehabilitation treatment on life quality and curative offect of the schizophrenia patients. Methods: A total of 84 patients with chronic schizophrenia in Shanxi Rongjun Corelle Hospital from December 2016 January 2018 were randomly divided into intervention group and control group on the basis of random number table, the two groups received psychiatric routine therapy nursing and general entertainment therapy, and the intervention group received 8 weeks of individualized rehabilitation therapy on this basis.The Schizophrenics Quality of Life Scale(SQLS) and Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale(PANSS) were respectively used to evaluate the effect of the two groups before and after intervention. Results: After 8 weeks of systematic social skills training, the scores of negative symptoms, general psychopathology and total PANSS score in the intervention group were (14.65±3.68)points, (24.21±3.23)points, (52.83±7.12)points, respectively, which in the control group were (21.82±4.25)points, (28.08±4.56)points, (60.67±9.52)points, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=5.18, 3.35, 3.92, all P<0.01), while the positive symptom score had no statistically significant difference between the two gorups (P>0.05). The PANSS scores and total score in the intervention group after intervention had statistically significant differences compared with those before intervention (t=2.17, 5.98, 3.86, 4.13, all P<0.05). After the intervention training, the psychosocial score, motivation and energy score, symptoms and adverse reactions score, and total score of SQLS in the intervention group were (32.64±7.32)points, (39.45±10.87)points, (18.16±10.48)points, (90.34±24.17)points, which in the control group were (35.32±10.64)points, (43.82±12.43)points, (21.05±11.52)points, (98.25±32.29)points, respectively, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=2.46, 3.51, 3.12, 3.96, all P<0.05). The SQLS scores and total score in the intervention group after intervention had statistically significant differences compared with those before intervention(t=3.94, 4.72, 3.87, 5.01, all P<0.01). Conclusion The personal rehabilitation treatment can greatly promote the curative offect of patients with chronic schizophrenia, improve their life qualities.

Objective To explore the effect of CD40 small interfering RNA(siRNA)on the expressions of pe-ripheral blood interleukin(IL)-21 and IL -35 in rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM)and its sig-nificance.Methods Twenty 6 -8 week male Lewis rats were divided into normal group,EAMgroup,CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group by using random number table,with 5 rats in each group.The normal rats were induced with phos-phate buffer saline in double foot pads on day 0 and day 7,while the rest 3 groups were induced with cardiac myosin protein to establish EAMmodels.The rats in CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group were respectively injected with CD40 siRNA and siRNA slow virus expression vector through the tail vein of rats on day 7.The rats were executed on 21 day after echocardiogram examination was made.The histopathologic changes were observed by using light microscope and the myocardial histopathology scores were calculated.Enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of IL -21 and IL -35 in peripheral blood.Results (1)Except the normal group,the total incidence rate of rats of each group was 100%,and there was no rat death.(2)Compared with EAM group,the heart mass/body ratio and myocardial histopathology scores were lower in CD40 siRNA group,and the differences were significant (3.13 ±0.21 vs 3.80 ±0.29,2.22 ±0.43 vs 3.32 ±0.51,F =0.332,0.456,all P <0.05).(3)The echocardiogram showed that there was only 1 rat in EAM group with massive pericardial effusion,and there was no pericardial effusion in CD40 siRNA group.EAMgroup,CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group displayed hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and left ventricular wall,narrow heart cavity and weakening of ventricular wall motion.The left ventricular shortening rate in CD40 siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the EAMgroup[(63.34 ±11.06)% vs (38.56 ±6.98)%,F =16.080,P <0.05].(4)The peripheral blood level of IL -21 in CD40 siRNA group was lower than that in EAM group [(141.19 ±17.46)ng/L vs (157.81 ±17.58)ng/L,F =57.008,P <0.05],while its level of IL -35 was signifi-cantly higher than that in the EAMgroup [(195.96 ±18.26)ng/L vs (174.78 ±13.91 )ng/L,F =31.727,P <0.05].(5)The level of IL -21 in peripheral blood was positively correlated with myocardial histopathology scores in EAM group (r = 0.69,P < 0.05 ),but IL -35 was negatively correlated with myocardial histopathology scores (r =-0.64,P <0.05).Conclusions CD40 siRNA might relieve the myocardial inflammation and reduce the myocar-dial injury of EAMrats.The levels of IL -21 and IL -35 can partly reflect the degree of myocardial injury.The mecha-nism may be related to down -regulating the expression IL -21 and up -regulating the expression of IL -35.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) plus low dose aspirin(LDA) in preventing twin pregnancy with preeclampsia high risk factors. Methods: From January 2013 to December 2017, the twin pregnancy cases with preeclampsia high risk factors who were diagnosed in Shanxi Rongjun Hospital were randomly divided into two groups according to the order of the treatment.The observation group(n=53) used LMWH plus LDA to prevent preeclampsia, while the control group(n=53) used LDA alone.The incidence of preeclampsia and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of severe preeclampsia in the observation group(5.7%) was lower than that in the control group(18.9%)(χ²=4.296, P<0.05), and there was statistically significant difference in the delivery time between the two groups(χ²=7.993, P<0.05). While the incidence of preeclampsia, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage and FGR between the two groups had no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). The proportion of NICU transferred fetus in the observation group(18.3%) was lower than that in the control group(30.7%)(χ²=4.289, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in perinatal mortality and neonatal asphyxia(all P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with using the LDA alone, LMWH plus LDA prevention can effectively reduce the incidence of severe preeclampsia in twin pregnancies; at the same time, it also can delay the delivery time and reduce the rate of NICU transferred.

Effects of carbon sources (Na2CO3, NaHCO3 and glucose) and concentration of NaHCO3 on the growth density and lipid contents of Nannochloropsis oculata were studied. N. oculata preferred inorganic carbon to glucose, the growth density and lipid content of algae cultured with NaHCO3 were higher than that with glucose. The effects of concentration of NaHCO3 on growth density and lipid content were related to inoculation density and nitrogen level. In high nitrogen level, the concentration of NaHCO3 had little effect on the growth density, but in low nitrogen level, the growth density increased at first, and then decreased with the increase of concentration of NaHCO3. Based on the results we suggest that an optimum ratio of carbon to nitrogen was existed. Furthermore, we found the optimum ratio was changed with inoculation density. The optimum ratio of carbon to nitrogen was 3 when inoculation density was OD440 of 0.10, the optimum ratio increased to 5 with OD440 of 0.70. Concentration of NaHCO3 and ratio of carbon to nitrogen had significant effects on the lipid content and productivity. Lipid content reached the highest value when the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was 1 with experimental range of nitrogen level and inoculation density. The lipid productivity was 56.7 mg/(L.d) , and the EPA productivity was 6.5 mg/(L.d) at optimum cultivation condition with NaHCO3 as carbon source, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen at 1, the concentration of NaNO3 at 0.225 g/L, and the inoculation density with OD440 of 0.70.
Carbon ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Microalgae ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Population Density ; Stramenopiles ; growth & development ; metabolism

Members of the genus Anaplasma are important emerging tick-borne pathogens in both humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas. Here, we investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in 621 sheep and 710 goats from six provinces of China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were conducted to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. bovis targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA or the major surface protein 4 gene. PCR revealed Anaplasma in 39.0% (240/621) of sheep and 45.5% (323/710) of goats. The most frequently detected species was A. ovis (88/621, 14.2% for sheep; 129/710, 18.2% for goats), followed by A. bovis (60/621, 9.7% for sheep; 74/710, 10.4% for goats) and A. phagocytophilum (33/621, 5.3% for sheep; 15/710, 2.1% for goats). Additionally, eight sheep and 20 goats were found to be infected with three pathogens simultaneously. DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of these three Anaplasma species in the investigated areas, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that there was geographic segregation to a certain extent, as well as a relationship between the host and cluster of A. ovis. The results of the present study provide valuable data that helps understand the epidemiology of anaplasmosis in ruminants from China.
Anaplasma ovis ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum ; Anaplasma* ; Anaplasmosis ; Animals ; China* ; Epidemiology ; Goats* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Ruminants ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sheep*

Objective To evaluate the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Weifang City, Shandong Province and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate patients in endocrine outpatient clinics in four medical institutions in Weifang from July to September 2022. The survey included general information, multi-dimensional evaluation of quality of life with the EQ-5D-5L scale, calculation of health utility values, and analysis of influencing factors using Tobit regression models. Results A total of 397 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the present investigation, with health utility value of 0.82±0.21 points and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 79.47±12.81 points. Pain or discomfort, anxiety or depression were more prominent in the study population. Age, diabetic complications, BMI, daily need for care, social support, and daily level of glycemic control were factors influencing health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion In the actual treatment of type 2 diabetes patients, an emphasis should be placed on protecting elderly type 2 diabetic patients, preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of diabetic complications, and improving daily blood glucose control to further improve the health-related quality of life of the population.