Objective: To explore the impact of non-ionic dimeric isotonic iodine contrast agent on rabbit kidneys using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-DWI and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging. Methods: Totally 25 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly equally divided into 5 groups (each n=5). IVIM-DWI and BOLD scanning and blood collection were performed in four experimental groups (1, 24, 48, 72 h group) 1, 24, 48,72 h after injection of iodixanol, respectively, also in base-line group after injection of equal amount of saline. The rabbits were killed immediately after MRI,and the kidneys were taken for histopathological analysis. Results: Compared with base-line group, both cortex and medulla of kidneys showed decreased ADC, D and f values and the lowest D* value, as well as increased R2* in 1 h group. The lowest ADC, D and f values, the highest R2* and increased D* value of both cortex and medulla were observed in 24 h group. In 72 h group, R2* value of both cortex and medulla were still lower than baseline (all P<0.05), and D* value basically returned to baseline, while f and D values of medulla were still statistically different with respect to baseline (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, different degrees of glomerular and tubular damage were observed in the pathological sections. The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in 48 h group and 72 h group were higher than those in base-line group (all P<0.05). The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and heme oxygenase-1 increased in 1 h group and up to peak in 24 h group. Conclusion: Combining IVIM-DWI with BOLD can effectively evaluate rabbit renal pathophysiologic changes associated with contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Objective To explore the methodology of reconstruction of a three-dimensional model of lid/cheek junction through continuous paraffin sections and stained lid/cheek junction three-dimensional visualization,and to further explore the feasibility and reliability to provide anatomical basis for clinical teaching of plastic and reconstructive surgery.Methods The full size of lid/cheek junction was cut from the specimens,the size of 25 mm× 15 mm× 10 mm,and then embedded in paraffin,and sectioned in thickness of 15 μm for 200 slices;the experimental HE staining and Masson staining were conducted,Sony camera photos using Adobe Photoshop CS 5.1 image processing software for image registration and 3D-Docter software image segmentation were used to give different colors for establishment of complete three-dimensional model.Results Histologically the LOT of the fascia area,the existence of reconstruction and the LOT model were confirmed.It showed the histological characteristics:the Masson stain displayed red,blue and white tissues in color;fascia tissue staining infered intertexture of elastic fibers and collagen fibers in LOT.LOT was the bottom edge of the triangle toward the orbital base with length of 26 mm,31 mm in high,0.8 mm in thick,and area of approximately 4.03 cm2 in size.Layers of skin,orbicularis oculi muscle,orbicularis retaining ligament,middle temporal fascia,periosteum and LOT were visible in the 3D model.By the three-dimensional model of lid/cheek junction,adjacent relationship could be rotated to any angle.Conclusions This initial establishment of a three-dimensional model of the lid/cheek junction confirms that the histological characteristics of lid/cheek junction and the feasibility of the fine structure of soft tissue within the three-dimensional model can be used as a new method for further research.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging for detecting renal changes after iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) development in a diabetic rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two rabbits were randomized into 2 groups: diabetic rabbits with the contrast agent (DCA) and healthy rabbits with the contrast agent (NCA). In each group, 6 rabbits underwent IVIM and BOLD imaging at 1 hour, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 4 days after an iohexol injection while 5 rabbits were selected to undergo blood and histological examinations at these specific time points. Iohexol was administrated at a dose of 2.5 g I/kg of body weight. Further, the apparent transverse relaxation rate (R2*), average pure molecular diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated. RESULTS: The D and f values of the renal cortex (CO) and outer medulla (OM) were significantly decreased compared to baseline values in the 2 groups 1 day after the iohexol injection (p < 0.05). A marked reduction in the D* values for both the CO and OM was also observed after 1 hour in each group (p < 0.05). In the OM, a persistent elevation of the R2* was detected for 4 days in the DCA group (p < 0.05). Histopathological changes were prominent, and the pathological features of CI-AKI aggravated in the DCA group until day 4. The D, f, and R2* values significantly correlated with the histological damage scores, hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α expression scores, and serum creatinine levels. CONCLUSION: A combination of IVIM and BOLD imaging may serve as a noninvasive method for detecting and monitoring CI-AKI in the early stages in the diabetic kidney.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Diffusion ; Iohexol ; Kidney ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective: The method of compositional data analysis was used to explore the relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and obesity indicators, and to examine the difference of quantitative effect on obesity indicators when one behavior replaced another behavior, so as to provide specific movement behavior advice for weight control in children and adolescents. Methods: In June 2021, 231 students from eight classes in a primary school and a middle school in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province were voluntarily recruited by using random cluster sampling. ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to measure 24 hour movement behavior and Inbody J20 body composition analyzer was used to measure body composition. The relationship between each component and obesity indicators was analyzed by compositional multivariate linear regression model. In addition, 30 minutes of one behavior was used to replace another behavior to predict the effect difference of the outcomes. Results: After adjusting for covariates such as height, weight, age, and sex, compared with time spent in sedentary behavior(SB), sleep (SLP) and light physical activity (LPA), time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was positively correlated with fat free mass index (FFMI) ( β= 0.40, P ＜0.05), negatively correlated with waist circumference (WC) ( β=-2.50, P ＜0.05) and waist hip ratio (WHR) ( β= -0.04 , P ＜0.05). Compared with SB, SLP and MVPA, time spent on LPA was positively correlated with WHR ( β=0.06, P < 0.05 ). If MVPA of 30 min/d replaces SLP, SB, and LPA respectively, WC and WHR decrease 1.10,1.10,1.34 cm and 0.02, 0.02 ,0.02 respectively, and FFMI increases 0.19,0.19,0.15 kg/m 2 respectively. Conclusion In 24 h movement behavior, with consistent level of sedentary behavior, sleep or low intensity movement behavior, maintaining a high level of MVPA and replacing sedentary with active activities are crucial for optimal abdominal fat and fat free mass in children and adolescents.

Objective To investigate the effect ofcranioplasty on prognosis of patients accepted intracranial aneurysm clipping combined with simultaneous decompressive craniectomy.Methods One hundred and forty-four patients accepted intracranial aneurysm clipping combined with simultaneous decompressive craniectomy (first-stage operation) in our hospital from January 2013 to June 2017 were chosen;there were 56 patients without cranioplasty in the control group and 88 patients with cranioplasty (second-stage operation) in the observation group.The degrees of coma before first-stage operation were assessed by Glasgow coma scale (GCS).The general state three months after first-stage operation was assessed by GCS and activity of daily living (ADL) scale.The prognoses of these patients 9 and 15 months after first-stage operation were assessed by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and ADL scale.The clinical data,prognoses and incidence of hydrocephalus of patients from the two groups were compared.Related factors associated with hydrocephalus were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results GCS,GOS and ADL scale scores in the observation group 9 and 15 months after first-stage operation were all significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05);incidence of hydrocephalus in the observation group after first-stage operation (31.82％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (62.5％,P＜0.05).Logistic regression model revealed that cranioplasty,Hunt-Hess grading and Fisher grading were independent related factors for incidence of hydrocephalus (P＜0.05);cranioplasty was the protective factor of hydrocephalus (OR=0.126),and Hunt-Hess grading and Fisher grading were the risk factors of hydrocephalus (OR=5.311 and 5.073).Conclusion Cranioplasty can reduce the incidence of hydrocephalus and improve the prognosis of patients accepted intracranial aneurysm clipping combined with simultaneous decompressive craniectomy.

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression profile and immunofluorescence localization of the major egg antigen p40 of Schistosoma japonicum (Sjp40) during granuloma formation in the liver of infected New Zealand white rabbits.

METHODSNew Zealand white rabbits were infected with S. japonicum cercariae, and the livers were harvested at 29 and 45 days post-infection (dpi). The total RNA of the liver tissues was extracted for expression profiling of Sjp40 by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) with GAPDH of S. japonicum as the endogenous reference gene. The expression of Sjp40 in the liver were detected by Western blotting using anti-Sjp40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9G7 or anti-Toxoplasma gondii tSAG1 mAb Y3A8 (control) as the primary antibody. Paraffin sections of the liver were prepared for observing egg granuloma formation using HE staining and for indirect immunofluorescence assay of Sjp40 location in the trapped eggs and egg granulomas.

RESULTSThe level of Sjp40 mRNA in the eggs trapped in rabbit livers was significantly higher at 45 dpi than that at 29 dpi (P<0.05), and Western blotting confirmed the presence of Sjp40 protein in the rabbit livers at both 29 and 45 dpi. Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated localized expression of Sjp40 in the immature eggs in the rabbit liver at 29 dpi, but at 45 dpi fluorescence was detected in clusters of mature eggs containing miracidium and in the surrounding egg granulomas.

CONCLUSIONSThe transcriptional levels of Sjp40 significantly increased with the maturation of eggs trapped in the rabbit livers. Sjp40 protein spread from the eggs to the surrounding egg granuloma at 45 dpi when acute liver granulomatous lesions occur, suggesting that Sjp40 plays a key role in egg granulomas formation in the livers of infected New Zealand white rabbits.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Helminth ; metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Granuloma ; parasitology ; Helminth Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; parasitology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Schistosomiasis japonica

As a promising candidate seed cell type in regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention. The unique capacity of MSCs to exert a regulatory effect on immunity in an autologous/allergenic manner makes them an attractive therapeutic cell type for immune disorders. In this review, we discussed the current knowledge of and advances in MSCs, including its basic biological properties, i.e., multilineage differentiation, secretome, and immunomodulation. Specifically, on the basis of our previous work, we proposed three new concepts of MSCs, i.e., "subtotipotent stem cell" hypothesis, MSC system, and "Yin and Yang" balance of MSC regulation, which may bring new insights into our understanding of MSCs. Furthermore, we analyzed data from the Clinical Trials database ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ) on registered clinical trials using MSCs to treat a variety of immune diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, we highlighted MSC clinical trials in China and discussed the challenges and future directions in the field of MSC clinical application.
Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases ; immunology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; immunology ; physiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Regenerative Medicine

Objective    To explore the factors of postoperative cough in lung cancer patients. Methods    Totally 130 lung cancer patients of single medical team (average age of 58.75±9.34 years, 65 males and 65 females), from February 2016 to February 2017 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, were investigated by Mandarin Chinese version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ-MC). We analyzed and calculated the preoperative and postoperative scores of LCQ-MC, Cronbach α and the influencing factor. Results    The preoperative score of LCQ-MC's physiological dimension was significantly lower in the postoperative cough group (6.30±0.76) than that of the postoperative non-cough group (6.56±0.60, P=0.044), while the preoperative total score of LCQ-MC (19.53±1.78, 20.03±1.45) was not statistically different (P=0.080). The postoperative score of LCQ-MC was significantly lower in the postoperative cough group (17.32±2.79) than that of the postoperative non-cough group (19.70±1.39, P<0.001). And the scores of physiological, psychological and social dimension were significantly lower in the postoperative cough group (5.32 ±1.14, 5.73±1.14, 6.23±0.89) than those of the postoperative non-cough group (6.25±0.63, 6.67±0.54, 6.78±0.49) (P values were all less than 0.001). The result of multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed the condition of preoperative cough symptom (OR=0.354, 95%CI=0.126–0.994, P=0.049) and anesthesia time (OR=1.021, 95%CI=1.003–1.040, P=0.021) were the risk factors. Conclusion    The risk factors of postoperative cough symptoms in lung cancer patients are the condition of preoperative cough symptoms and anesthesia time.

Urolithiasis is a common and complex disease of the urinary system, which can cause urinary tract blockage, urinary tract infection, and even damage to urinary system-related tissues. Although urolithiasis can be cured, its high recurrence rate and the development of chronic kidney disease in some patients have drawn the attention of nephrologists. Although the application of extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and other minimally invasive techniques have made the treatment of urolithiasis more efficient, pharmacotherapy plays an indispensable role in reducing their morbidity and recurrence rates. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treatment and prevention of urolithiasis in developing countries for centuries, known for its unquestionable efficacy and safety. This article reviews the progress of clinical trials and pharmacological studies on the treatment of urolithiasis with Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). The mechanism of CHMs in the treatment of urolithiasis mainly involve preventing further growth and aggregation of urolithiasis, reducing the PH of urine, promoting calculus dissolution. Furthermore, some CHMs can increase urine output, relax smooth muscles, and promote the removal of calculus. These findings provide new treatment strategies and options for urolithiasis and secondary kidney damage.

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest. During CPR, both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection. The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients. Main recommendations: 1) A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs. 2) Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended, since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest. 3) Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). 4) Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19. 5) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended. 6) Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early. 7) CPR should be provided for 20-30 min. 8) Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members, ethics, transmission risks, and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control. Changes in management: The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed: 1) Healthcare workers should wear PPE. 2) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols. 3) Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered. 4) Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.