The development of cholangiocarcinoma is slow, but its metastasis is extremely quick.When the tumor is found, the patients often have missed optimal operation period, and there is a lack of effective diagnostic indexes at present.In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, studies find that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with cholangiocarcinoma.Because of miRNAs have great stability in various types of body fluids, so miRNAs in serum/plasma and bile are expected to become potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.