0.05). While the length of penetration had statistical differences between 0.02 tapered angle group and 0.06 tapered angle group (P

Objective:To differentiate the methamphetamine users according to the developmental stages of addictive behavior, and explore the characteristics of different stages in order to provid a theoretical reference for our clinical intervention.Methods:Take the male methamphetamine users in compulsory detoxification institute whom were admitted from September 2018 to December 2019 as research objects.All the objects were asked to complete clinical diagnosis, interview and questionnaire evaluation in one week.According to the developmental stages of addictive behavior, the subjects were divided into occasional use group ( n=51), regular use group ( n=95) and compulsive use group ( n=157).All subjects were evaluated using visual analogue scale(VAS), Barrett impulsiveness scale(BIS)and CogState scale.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis, AVOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for group comparison.Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with the development of addictive behavior. Results:(1)The compulsive use group had higher cumulative duration(24(8, 48), 12(4, 24), 22(10, 36)), average dose(6.6±3.8, 2.8±1.4, 4.5±3.4) and craving score(1(0, 5), 0(0, 1), 1(0, 3)) than the other two groups(all P<0.05).And individuals in compulsive use group had more previous heroin use experience(20.4%, 9.8%, 14.8%, P<0.05).The regular use group had more withdrawal times than the other two groups(1(1, 3), 1(0, 1), 1(1, 2), P<0.05).The total scores of Barrett impulsiveness scale(42.8±13.3, 34.5±13.6, 36.1±14.9) and the scores in all dimensions in the compulsive use group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(motor impulsiveness: 37.5±15.8, 27.8±13.4, 29.2±17.8; attentional impulsiveness: 43.2±18.0, 39.4±17.0, 37.2±18.1; non-planning impulsiveness: 47.2±19.8, 38.8±18.7, 40.7±20.8; P<0.05) .In the compulsive use users, the ISL(16.50±4.87, 19.30±4.78, 18.33±4.91) and SEC(0.76±0.21, 0.89±0.22, 0.81±0.21) scores about cognitive assessment were significantly lower than other two groups(both P<0.05).(2)The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that cumulative duration ( β=0.022, OR=1.022, 95% CI: 1.003-1.042), dosage( β=0.625, OR=1.869, 95% CI: 1.196-2.921), craving ( β=0.194, OR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.002-1.215), the total scores of Barrett impulse scale( β=0.036, OR=1.037, 95% CI: 1.013-1.061), scores of non-planning impulsiveness( β=0.040, OR=1.041, 95% CI: 1.004-1.038), scores of motor impulsiveness( β=0.033, OR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.001-1.068) were associated with the periodic grouping of addictions. Conclusions:Addictive behavior is a progressive process and methamphetamine users at different stages have different characteristics in substance use, impulsiveness and cognitive function.The development of addictive behavior is associated with the time, dosage and craving of substance use, as well as the personality impulsivity of users.And the compulsive users suffered more cognitive impairment than the other two groups. The methamphetamine users should be identified dynamically and targeted therapeutic intervention measures should be carried out to block the addictive process to achieve the goal of harm reduction.

OBJECTIVESTo study the essence of N-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 000-protein in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

METHODSGCF samples from patients with RPP and AP were collected. 12 000-protein was separated by SDS-PAGE and transformed to PVDF by electronic transformation. The aim band was cut to be analyzed in 491 Protein Sequencer.

RESULTSThe first ten of N-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 000-protein in GCF was Met, Leu, Thr, Glu, Leu, Glu, Lys, Ala, Leu, Asn. Through checking up in MS-Edman, the sequence was similar to "Ca binding protein, MRP8" which is the light subunit of Calprotectin.

CONCLUSIONSCalprotectin is a major protein in granulocytes and monocytes, and is related to many inflammatory diseases, maybe served as a effective marker for evaluating the inflammation of periodontium.

A soft coral Sinularia sp., collected from the South China Sea, was selected to investigate the bioactive and chemical constituents. The EtOAc fraction were isolated by repeatedly silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to obtain lobophytolide A (1), 3-dehydroxylpresinularolide B (2), sarcophine (3), 3 beta-acetoxyisolobophytolide (4), Crassocolide D (5), (3E,7E,11E)-6-acetoxy-3,7,11,15(17)-cembratrien-16,14-olide (6). The structures of compounds 1-6 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds were tested against a small panel of human tumor cell lines. And these compounds were obtained for the first time from this coral.
Animals ; Anthozoa ; chemistry ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure

Objective After implementation of new standard iodized salt,to comprehensively assess the iodine nutrition levels of different populations in Dali City of Yunnan Province.Methods From 2012 to 2015,in Dali City,there were 5 districts divided into east,west,south,north and middle,each district selected 1 township (town),and each township (town) selected 4 administrative villages,15 households for edible salt in each administrative village were sampled,and the salt iodine content was measured by "General Test Method in Salt Industry Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012).In 2014,in the five districts of east,west,south,north and middle of Dali City,one township (town) was selected,and 20 pregnant women in the early,middle and late stages,respectively,20 lactating women,20 ordinary healthy adults and 20 children aged 0 to 4 were selected from each township (town);one primary school in each township (town) was selected in each district,and 40 students aged 8-10 years old were selected from each primary school as the survey objects.The urine samples of the survey objects were collected,and the urinary iodine content was measured by "Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry" (WS/T 107-2006).In 2015,in each administrative village of Dali,a water source with the largest number of drinking people was investigated,and water iodine was detected by the "Method of Water Iodine Detection Suitable for Iodine Deficiency and High Iodine Areas".Through questionnaires,the sources of iodine supplementation for pregnant and lactating women were investigated.Results The qualified iodized salt consumption rate of residents was higher than 90％ per year from 2012 to 2015,and median of salt iodine decreased from 29.38 mg/kg (2012) to 24.96 mg/kg (2015).The medians of urinary iodine in different populations were 136.85 μg/L for pregnant women (n =356),102.63 μg/L for lactating women (n =111),164.03 μg/L for adults (n =163),209.61 μg/L for 8-10 years old children (n =200),157.27 μg/L for children aged 0-＜ 2 years old (n =57),and 134.08 μg/L for 2-4 years old children (n =50).The median of iodine content of drinking water (n =142) in Dali was 0.62 μg/L,the range of iodine content was 0.00-9.92 μg/L.The average intake frequencies of iodine-rich seaweed for pregment women and lacting women were 0.99,1.07 time/month,respectively,only 1.99％ (9/453) of the population supplemented iodine through multivitamin and minerals tablets.Conclusions After reduction of salt iodine content,the iodine nutrition of populations in Dali City (a low water iodine region) is generally at an appropriate level.Maintaining a higher level of qualified iodized salt consumption rate,strengthening the monitoring of different populations and promotion of healthy behaviors are key steps in prevention and control of the disease in the future.

Objective To investigate the status of coal-burning type endemic fluorosis in Ludian County of Yunnan Province,to evaluate the prevention and control effect.Methods Multi-stage sampling was adopted in 2016.Five townships from Ludian endemic fluorosis areas and 2 villages of each township were randomly selected.The condition (children's dental fluorosis,urinary fluoride,adult skeletal fluorosis),epidemic factors (use of stoves,fluoride content of main household foods,indoor air fluoride content),health education awareness of endemic fluorosis were investigated in the above mentioned villages.Results The dental fluorosis positive rate of children aged 8-12 was 10.14％ (51/503) while a total of 503 children were investigated,the index of dental fluorosis was 0.16,and adult skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 1.92％ (2/104) while a total of 104 adults were investigated.The geometric mean of urinary fluoride content of children was 0.39 mg/L,ranging from 0.02 to 2.54 mg/L.Totally 98,161,and 151 samples of pepper,rice,and corn were detected.The medians of fluoride content were 0.96,0.42,and 0.43 mg/kg,respectively,ranging from 0.26 to 13.46,0.13 to 2.20,and 0.21 to 2.54 mg/kg,respectively,in which the fluorine contents of pepper 48.98％ (48/98) was higher than 1.0 mg/kg.The correct drying rates of both corn and pepper were 100.00％ (201/201),and the correct preservation rates of corn and pepper was 99.50％ (200/201) and 100.00％ (201/201),respectively.The use rate of improved stove,rate of intact stove,correct use rate of intact stove were 100.00％ (201/201),96.02％ (193/201) and 100.00％ (193/193),respectively.The fluoride contents in the indoor air of the families (the fire period was 0.32 μg/m3 and the fire extinguishing period was 1.22 μg/m3) from the areas of fluorosis which had properly used the improved stoves were lower than that of the national hygienic limit content (the one-hour average concentration limit is 20 μg/m3).The knowledge of prevention and control of coal-burning type fluorosis among fifth-grade primary school students and household heads was investigated in 104 and 201 people,respectively,with the awareness rates of 80.77％ (252/312) and 86.23％ (520/603),respectively.Conclusion By implementing the comprehensive prevention and control measures,which mainly focus on the improvement of the stove and the health education,the coal-burning fluorosis in Ludian County has been effectively controlled,and the prevention and control work has achieved remarkable results.

Objective To study the urinary iodine and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in adult women (pregnant women, lactating women, childbearing age women) in Dali City, Yunnan Province, and to explore the feasibility of TSH and Tg as indicators for iodine nutrition evaluation in pregnant women. Methods From July to December 2014, from the five districts of east, west, south, north and middle district of Dali City, Yunnan Province, one township ( town ) was selected , and 20 pregnant women in the early, middle and late stages, respectively, 20 lactating women, 20 childbearing age women were selected from each township ( town ) , collected urine and blood samples , and urinary iodine , serum TSH and Tg levels were detected. Results The medians urinary iodine (MUI) in different populations were 136.85μg/L for pregnant women (n = 356 ) , 102 . 63 μg/L for lactating women ( n = 111 ) , 166 . 21 μg/L for childbearing age women ( n = 98 ) . The medians TSH in pregnant women (n = 368), lactating women (n = 112) and childbearing age women (n = 96) were 1.995, 2.345 and 2.565 mU/L, respectively, the difference between the different populations was statistically significant(χ2=16.128, P<0.05). The medians Tg of pregnant women, lactating women and childbearing age women were 10.49, 9.28 and 9.66μg/L, respectively, the difference between the three groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 2.083, P > 0.05). A total of 120, 126, and 122 cases of pregnant women in the early, middle, and late stages were investigated. The medians TSH of early, middle and late pregnancy were 1.850, 2.030 and 2.235 mU/L, respectively, the difference between the different stages of pregnancy was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.970, P <0.05). The medians Tg of early, middle and late stages were 10.56, 10.78 and 10.08 μg/L, respectively, the difference between the different stages of pregnancy was not statistically significant (χ2= 1.058, P > 0.05). Conclusions Tg levels are stable in the different stages of pregnancy women and it can be considered as an indicator of iodine nutrition evaluation in pregnant women.

Objective To understand the situation of iodine deficiency disorders and iodine nutrition of children in Yunnan Province after the implementation of new standard of salt iodine,and provide the basic data for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods Using multistage sampling method,Yunnan provincial evaluations for iodine deficiency disorders elimination were carried out.According to the comparative analysis of 2010 (pre-adjustment) and 2015 (post-adjustment) evaluation results,the changes of the median of salt iodine,the coverage rate of iodized salt,the qualified rate of iodized salt,the rate of qualified iodized salt consumption,goiter rate of school children aged 8-10 and the median of urinary iodine were evaluated.Salt iodine was tested using the "Salt Industry General Test Method for Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-1999);thyroid volume examination of children using B-scan ultrasonography,thyroid volume calculation and enlargement judgment using "Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Goiter" (WS 276-2007);and urinary iodine detection using "Urinary Iodine Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry" (WS/T 107-2006).Results The medians of salt iodine in 2010 and 2015 were 30.6 and 22.4 mg/kg,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (U =317 503.50,P ＜ 0.01).The coverage rates of iodized salt in 2010 and 2015 were 99.6％ (1 681/1 688) and 98.9％ (2 592/2 622),the qualified rates of iodized salt were 98.6％ (1 657/1 681) and 89.7％ (2 325/2 592),and the rates of qualified iodized salt consumption were 98.2％ (1 657/1 688) and 88.7％ (2 325/2 622),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =6.42,125.11,130.18,P ＜ 0.01);the rates of children goiter in 2010 and 2015 were 0.8％ (25/3 272) and 1.4％(44/3 245),respectively;the medians of urinary iodine of children were 289.0 and 157.3 μg/L,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (U =1 121 669.50,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion After decreasing of salt iodine level starting from 2012 in Yunnan Province,the children iodine nutrition condition is in a more proper level.

Objective:To compare the efficacies of robot-assisted unilateral and manual unilateral/bilateral puncture kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture (OTLF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 64 OTLF patients admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2021 to May 2022. The patients included 28 males and 36 females, aged 57-88 years [(74.5±5.6)years]. Fracture segments were 12 patients from T 1-T 9, 32 from T 10-L 2, and 20 from L 3-L 5. All the patients were treated with PKP. Among them, 25 patients underwent manual unilateral puncture (manual unilateral group), 18 patients underwent manual bilateral puncture (manual bilateral group), and 21 patients underwent robot-assisted unilateral puncture (robot-assisted unilateral group). The operation time, channel establishment time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, bone cement injection volume, and bone cement spatial distribution score were compared among the three groups. The visual analogue score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Cobb angle of kyphosis were compared among the three groups before operation, at 3 days and 3 months after operation, and at the last follow-up. The incidence of complications was compared. Results:All the patients were followed up for 6-10 months [(7.0±0.9)months]. The operation time of the manual unilateral group was (30.2±6.1)minutes, which was shorter than (37.9±8.9)minutes of the robot-assisted unilateral group and (49.0±10.2)minutes of the manual bilateral group; the operation time of the robot-assisted unilateral group was markedly shorter than that of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The channel establishment time of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (4.7±1.4)minutes, which was markedly shorter than (10.4±4.4)minutes of the manual unilateral group and (21.7±6.2)minutes of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (23.8±7.2)ml, which was less than (34.3±7.7)ml of the manual unilateral group and (55.9±18.7)ml of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (12.1±2.5)times, which was markedly less than (21.2±5.9)times of the manual unilateral group and (39.6±9.5)times of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The channel establishment time, intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of the manual unilateral group were markedly shorter or less than those of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The bone cement injection volume and bone cement distribution score of the robot-assisted unilateral group were (4.7±1.3)ml and (7.9±1.2)points, which were not statistically different from (5.7±1.3)ml and (8.7±1.1)points of the manual bilateral group (all P>0.05), but were markedly higher than (3.0±1.3)ml and (5.1±1.8)points of the manual unilateral group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, ODI and Cobb angle among the three groups at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05), but which were all lower than those before surgery (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, ODI and Cobb angle among three groups before operation, at 3 days, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). The complication rate was 4.8% (1/21) of the robot-assisted unilateral group, 32.0% (8/25) of the manual unilateral group, and 33.3% (6/18) of the manual bilateral group, with no significant difference between the manual unilateral group and the manual bilateral group ( P>0.05), but both of which was markedly higher than that of the robot-assisted unilateral group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Robot-assisted unilateral puncture and manual unilateral/bilateral puncture PKP can both achieve satisfactory results for the treatment of OTLF, but robot-assisted unilateral puncture has shorter channel establishment time, less intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and lower complication rate.