This paper is aimed to assess the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery. Trials were identified by computer searches of the Pubmed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library (Issue 10, 2012), from January 1980 to October 2012. References in identified trials and review articles were checked and experts contacted to identify any additional trials. The homogeneous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed with RevMan 5.1 software. Five trials involving a total of 1,203 patients were identified. The results of meta-analyses showed that restrictive transfusion strategies reduced the risk of receiving a RBC transfusion (MD = - 1.46, 95% CI -1.18(-) -1.1) and the volume of RBCs transfusion (RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.89). No significant difference was noted between the two strategies in terms of mortality, adverse events and hospital or intensive care length of stay. Based on the results mentioned above, one can draw a conclusion that restrictive transfusion strategies reduced the risk of receiving RBC transfusion and the volume of RBCs transfused. Restrictive transfusion strategies did not appear to impact on the rate of adverse events and hospital or intensive care length of stay, compared to liberal transfusion strategies.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

Each woman of childbearing age has the right to enjoy reproduction, including cancer patients. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Many factors led to the significant increase of young patients with fertility problems, and the majority of doctors neglected their reproductive requirements in clinical work. Given the comprehensive treatment, almost every young patient suffers from fertility decline and even loss. Patients who chose to get pregnant also harbor a variety of concerns. This paper reviews the effects of comprehensive treatment on fertility, preservation strategies, pregnancy and prognosis, optimal time for pregnancy, and other aspects and provides guidance for young breast cancer patients in their reproduction choices.

A study was made of the effects of carboxymethyl modified hemi-cellulose ( CMMH ) on the immune reaction in mice. When it was administered with 1.5% 300mg/kg ip daily for 5 d, CMMH remarkably enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate macro-phages(P

Objective To assess the efficacy of a long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd :YAG laser system in treating pediatric cutaneous hemangiomas. Methods 207 patients (20 days-10 years old,164 cases in pro-liferative phase and 43 in stationary phase) with cutaneous hemangiomas were divided into 2 groups ac-cording lesions. Group A contained 142 patients with lesions located in skin completely. Group B con-tained 65 patients, in which the lesions involved in subcutaneous portion. All patients were treated with single pulse shots by a long-pulsed 1 064 nm Nd :YAG laser, with 2 mm and 6 mm spot size in diameter, and with related energies from 50 to 90 J/cm~2 and pulse lengths of 10, 40 and 60 ms, respectively. All treatments were given at 1-month interval. Results After 1-6 times of treatment, there was no statistic significance of effective rate between group A and group B. Both general effective rates were 100%. The rate of side effects was 11.6 %, all of which recovered gradually. Conclusions The long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd : YAG laser offers efficient treatment of pediatric superficial cutaneous hemangiomas and side effects are minimal and transient.

Objective: To explore the effects of sensory integration training on the behaviors and cognition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity sorder (ADHD) . Methods: Fifty-two children with ADHD (experimental group) were undergone sensory integration training for 60 times and their behaviors were evaluated with the Corners Parents Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), and the cognition function was determined with the Combined Raven's Test (CRT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) before and after the training. Another 52 healthy volunteers were recruited as controls and given the corresponding tests described above for comparison of the results. Results: The scores of conduct disorder, compulsion, hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in children with ADHD were decreased significantly than those of controls after training [(0.60 ± 0. 34) vs. (0.68 ± 0.35), (0.92±0.57) vs. (1.25±0.70), (0.82±0.29) vs. (1.08±0.44); P<0.05] .Inaddition, the improvement was found in IQ, categories control, and conceptive level as compared with that before the training [such as IQ, (105. 37 ±22.76) vs. (97. 37 ±24.15); P<0.001], whereas the scores of response error, response error percentage, first category and persistent errors were decreased after the training [such as response error, (39.40 ± 22.22) vs. (46.60 ±23.44), P<0.001] . For the experimental subjects, the scores in the first response number and the persistent errors percentage right after the training were higher compared with the controls [(12.03 ±5.08) vs. (10.65±0.84), (50.75 ±18.35) vs. (39.95 ± 15. 34); Ps<0.05] .Conclusion: The sensory integration training can improve the behaviors and cognition in children with ADHD, but it produces fewer effects on some of the executive functions despite clinical symptom relief to a certain extent.

Objective To assess the prevalence of hand hygiene compliance rates of health care workers (HCWs) at general hospitals in China in 2010-2012. Methods Literatures about hand hygiene compliance of HCWs from 2010 to 2012 were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wan Fang database,VIP ,and PubMed database ,Comprehensive Meta Analysis V2 software and Stata 1 2 .0 software were adopted to conduct statistical analysis . Results Ninety literatures were selected with heterogeneity (Q= 48 118.32,P<0.01),random effect model was used. The overall hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs was 47.83% (95% CI:43.27% -52.42% );When stratified by occupation group,the overall compliance rate of doctors,nur-ses,and unclassified HCWs was 40.36% (95% CI:35.42% -45.49% ),46.70% (95% CI:41.81% -51.65% ),and 40.72% (95% CI:27.75% -55.13% )respectively. According to subgroup analysis,there was no statistical difference in compliance rate between doctors and nurses(Q= 3.12,P>0.05);the compliance rate after patient contact was higher than before patient contact (54.33% [95% CI :44.76% -63.59% ]vs 20.21% [95% CI:14.12% -28.06% ])(Q= 32.59, P<0.01 );hand compliance rate from field observation was higher than from covert observation (70.91% [95% CI :70.71% - 71.10% ]vs 41.20% [95% CI:37.55% -44.94% ])(Q= 247.66,P<0.01).Conclusion The overall hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs in 2010-2012 was low,in order to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infec-tion,hand hygiene compliance of HCWs need to be increased .

Objective To compare the characteristics of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF). Methods Patients with a diagnosis of ILD from June 2014 to December 2015 were selected in this study and patients with known other causes of ILD were excluded. The clinical manifestation, autoantibody, high resolution chest computed tomography (CT) and blood gas analysis were retrospectively analyzed. Results Six hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in this study. The prevalence of CTD-ILD and IPF were 459 (73.09%) and 169(26.91%) respectively. The age in IPF group was higher than that in CTD-ILD group:(67.10 ± 13.13) years vs. (52.10 ± 14.23) years, and there was significant difference (t =-10.092, P =0.000). The rate of male in IPF group was higher than that in CTD-ILD group: 75.15%(127/169) vs. 28.32%(130/459), and there was significant difference (P=0.000). Autoantibodies were commonly seen in CTD-ILD group and only antinuclear antibody, and anti-SSA antibody and anti-Ro-52 antibody were seen in IPF group. The most common chest images were honeycombing, bullae of lung and pneumonectasis in CTD-ILD group, while the presence of consolidation and small nodular shadow were more common in IPF group. The concurrence of respiratory failure was higher in IPF group compared with that in CTD-ILD group:49.11%(83/169) vs. 13.07%(60/459), and there was significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusions Patients with CTD-ILD and IPF possess distinct characteristics. Overall assessment of clinical manifestation, autoantibody serology, high resolution chest CT and other indicator will be conducive to the differential diagnosis and treatment of ILD.

Objective To summarize the clinical characters,diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyoidism (PHPT).Methods The diagnosis,treatment and efficacy of 35 cases of PHPT were retrospectively reviewed.Results PHPT presented a variety of clinical manifestations,and occoured to different age groups without significant gender differences.All the 35 cases had elevated blood calcium and PTH.All patients underwent preoperative ultrasonography and 99Tcm-MIB imaging,and the positive rates were 68.6％ and 97.1％ respectively.34 patients received surgical treatment,among whom 30 cases had parathyroid adenoma,1 case had parathyroid hyperplasia and 3 cases had parathyroid carcinoma.Through operation,31 cases were cured,2 cases improved,and 1 case of parathyroid carcinoma suffered from lung metastasls.Conclusions PHPT can be diagnosed according to co-elevated serum calcium and PTH.Ultrasonography combined with 99Tcm-MIB imaging should be recommend for preoperative localization.The main cause of PHPT is solitary parathyroid adenoma.PTPT can be cured by surgery.Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with accurate location is an efficient surgical strategy,and the prognosis is favorable.

Objective:To observe the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B( NF-κB) in rats with acute lung injury ( ALI) caused by oleic acid ( OA) and investigate the protective effect of puerarin ( Pue) in ALI. Methods:Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups:the control group, OA group and Pue group. Morphological changes in lung tissues were observed under a light mi-croscope and the expression of NF-κB in lung tissues were examined. Results:Morphological changes in lung tissues showed that pul-monary inflammation was relieved in Pue group compared with that in OA group. Compared with the control group, the expression of NF-κB was increased obviously in OA group (0. 39 ± 0. 07 vs 0. 12 ± 0. 04, P<0. 05), and that was decreased obviously in Pue group (0. 24 ± 0. 05), which was still higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Puerarin can alleviate the inflammation reaction in ALI through inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.

Objective:To observe the effect of Pidotimod and Thalidomid to enhance the immune response and protective immunity induced by the epitope Vaccines From W2b2a of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.Methods:Mice were immunized intramuscularly with Pidotimod and pcDNA3-W2b2a,thalidomide and pcDNA3-W2b2a,respectively,then the immune response and the survival time of mouse attacked by Toxoplasma gondii were observed.Results:After the immunization,the level of IFN-γin sera of mice inculated with pcDNA3-W2b2a and Pidotimod,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Freund adjuvant,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Thalidomid were significantly higher than pcDNA3-W2b2a (all P<0.05).After the immunization,IgG,CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio ,proliferation of T cell induced by pcDNA3-W2b2a and Pidotimod,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Freund adjuvant were higher than pcDNA3-W2b2a,pcDNA3-W2b2a and thalidomid ( all P<0.05).After challenged with highly virulent tachyzoites,the mean survival time in immunized groups were significantly longer than control group (all P<0.05).Conclusion:Pidotimod ,Thalidomid adjuvant can increase protective immunity of epitope Vaccines From W2b2a of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.