G3BP (Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain binding protein), a protein which binds to RasGAP SH3 domain, belongs to RNA-binding protein family, implicating in the downstream of Ras signaling. G3BP harbors the activities of endoribonuclease and DNA helicase, and can induce stress granules formation. G3BP plays a general role in the signal pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and RNA metabolism. It has been shown to be over-expressed in a number of human malignancies and has a close relationship with tumor invasion and metastasis. Given that it has been implicated in several pathways that are known to be involved in cancer biology, G3BP may provide a new target for cancer therapy.

Sphingolipids as an important regulator play a critical role in the cell biological functions. Among them, ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine (Sph) induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation; on the contrary sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cell survival and proliferation. The balance between ceramide/sphingosine and S1P forms a so-called "sphingolipid-rheostat", which decides the cell fate. Sphingosine kinases, which catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P, are critical regulators of this balance. Here, we review the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in regulating fundamental biological processes and tumorigenesis and the potential of SphK1 as a new target for cancer therapeutics.

Objective To investigate the role of blood motilin and anorectal function in the pathogenesis of functional outlet obstructive constipation (OOC), and study if motilin and its receptor agonist are effective to treat OOC. [WTHZ]Methods Patients with OOC were selected according to colonic transit time and transit index. Twenty healthy subjects were also selected as control group. Anorectal manometry was performed, and blood motilin level was measured in patients with OOC and healthy subjects. Correlation between blood motilin level and anorectal function was analyzed. [WTHZ]Results Compared with healthy subjects, OOC patients had higher anal resting pressure, lower defecating pressure difference,larger minimum relaxation volume to elicit anorectal inhibitory reflex, and higher rectal sensation threshold. The plasma level of motilin was positively correlated with anal resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure and anal defecating pressure, but was negatively correlated with defecating pressure difference between rectum and anal canal. Conclusion OOC patients had anal sphincter dysfunction in relaxtion, discoordination of annorectum during defecation, and Low sensitivity of rectum. OCC patients with the normal level of blood motilin may have more severe outlet obstructive tendency, and motilin and its receptor agonist are not suitable for treating OOC patients.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to tne transition during which epithelial cells undergo the loss of apical-basal polarity, acquisition of migration capability and transformation into mesenchymal cells. EMT induces breast cancer in situ to developing into metastasis and associates with the drug resistence. The multiple elements including signal pathways, transcriptional factors and downstream genes orchestrate the transition. Among them, the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of EMT in breast cancer. And this paper reviews the development of TGF-β signaling pathway induced EMT in breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the radiotherapy curative effects on pains of bone metastases of breast cancer. Methods To analysis 32 patients retrospectively, in which 22 patients received radiotherapy(17 moderate pain, 5 severe pain, 6 dysfunction). Result 16 patients obtained complete remission with 6 cases partial response to radiation. Karnorfsky's score was improved and malfunction disappeared. Conclusion Radiotherapy is a simple and effective treatment on bone metastases of breast cancer with quick and persistent pain relieves.

This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of lidamycin (LDM) and rituximab on human B cell lymphoma Ramos cells. Cell proliferation was measured using MTS assay, cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, the expression of apoptosis related proteins was analyzed by Western blotting, and the in vivo lymphoma inhibition was verified using BALB/c mice inoculated via tail vein using Ramos cells which stably expressed pEGFP-N1 plasmid. The results showed that, after the pretreatment with rituximab for 48 h, rituximab and LDM showed significantly synergistic effects on cell proliferation. Cells in combined treatment group had a higher apoptosis rate than that in LDM treatment group. Compared with the LDM treatment group, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Cleaved caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-7, Cleaved caspase-9 and Cleaved PARP in combined treatment groups increased, and expression of cIAP-2 and Bcl-2 decreased. The result of in vivo experiment showed that, in the combined treatment group, the survival time of BALB/c mice was significantly longer than the mice in control group and LDM treatment group, and the degree of tumor accumulation and metastasis to lymph nodes and spleen was lower.

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) plays critical roles in cell biological functions. Here we investigated the effects of SphK1 inhibitor SKI II on hepatoma HepG2 cell cycle progression and invasion. Cell survival was determined by SRB assay, cell cycle progression was assayed by flow cytometry, the ability of cell invasion was measured by Matrigel-Transwell assay and protein expression was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that SKI II markedly inhibited HepG2 cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, induced G1 phase arrest in HepG2 cell and inhibited cell invasion. SKI II markedly decreased the expressions of G1-phase-related proteins CDK2, CDK4 and Cdc2 and the levels of cell invasion-associated proteins MMP2 and MMP9. The results showed that SKI II inhibited cell cycle progression and cell invasion, implying SphK1 as a potential target for hepatoma treatment.

Objective To investigate the gender differences and psychological influencing factors for anal rectal function in senile patients with functional constipation (FC) .Methods The gender differences and correlation of anal rectal function and psychological factors were compared in elderly patients and control group by anorectal manometry and psychological testing methods .Results The anal pressure drops of analog defecation of elderly female and male patients were attenuated and the rectal sensation thresholds increased compared with that of control group ,and the maximal squeezing pressure ,the rectal defecation pressure and anorectal pressure difference of elderly female patients were attenuated compared with that of elderly male patients .The SAS and SDS stand‐ard score of elderly female and male patients were significantly higher than that of control group .The SAS standard score of elderly female patients were higher than elderly male patients .SAS and SDS were negatively correlated with anorectal pressure difference and positively correlated with rectal first sensation volume (FSV) .Conclusion Anorectal dysfunction and psychological factors were involved in the elderly FC pathogenesy ,and they were related .Elderly female patients suffered more severe anxiety and anorectal motility disorders than male patients .

Objective The objective of this experiment was to find out the causes and mechanisms of vocal cord granulomas,to analyze the results of different treatments and to establish an effective protocol of treatment.Methods 24 patients with vocal cord granulomas were analyzed in terms of genders,ages,occupations,etiologies,such as voicing,gastroesophageal reflux,and treatment under general anesthesia and jet-ventilation,treatments and outcomes.Results Based on different etiologies,patients were divided into 4 groups: Group I of 9 patients with pathologic phonation,Group II of 8 patients with gastroesophageal reflux,Group III of 2 patients with treatment under general anesthesia and jet-ventilation,Group IV of 5 patients with unknown causes.9 patients received operations while 8 demonstrated good prognosis and one was completely cured.The vocal cord granulomas for 11 patients disappeared,8 had reduced vocal cord granulomas,and the vocal cord granulomas for 5 patients without any treatment were gone 6 months later.Conclusion The vocal cord granulomas can be caused by many factors with gastroesophageal reflux as a main etiology.Higher recurrences were noted after surgical treatment;therefore,treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and voice therapy should be considered as major approaches.

Objective To study the influence of hemodialysis on inflammatory state and immune function by analyzing the change of serum protein components in uremic patients before and after hemodialysis.Methods 75 cases of uremic patients confirmed by the Nephrology from October 2013 to May 2014 were selected as the observation group,and 15 healthy volun-teers at the same time as the control group.Then the serum protein electrophoresis pattern of observation group beford the first hemodialysis,after the first hemodialysis,after one month’s treatment and control group were compared with each oth-er.Results In the observation group before and after the first hemodialysis,the ALB levels were lower,α1 and α2 globulin levels were higher than those in control group.There was a statistically significant between the observation group before and after the first hemodialysis and control group (P <0.001).After the first hemodialysis,there were differences inα1 globulin levels compared with before the first hemodialysis (P <0.01).ALB was no significant difference after one month’s hemodi-alysis compared with before the first hemodialysis,andα1,α2 globulin were significantly reduced and the difference was sta-tistically significant (P <0.001),ALB was lower than the control group and was statistically significant (P <0.001).After one month’s hemodialysis,the levels ofγglobulin were higher than those in control group,before the first hemodialysis and after the first hemodialysis.There were significant differences (P <0.001 or P <0.01).Conclusion Regular and effective hemodialysis can improve inflammatory state and immune function of uremic patients.