Objective To explore the feasibility of using the prospective space-time analysis and early warning in health emer-gency command system in Chongqing .Methods Prospective space-time scan analysis method was used for the early detection of disease outbreaks in mumps patients from 5 districts(Jiangbei ,Shapingba ,Dadukou ,Jiulongpo ,Nan′an ,) in Chongqing in 2006 ,then verified the aggregation using the actual reported mumps outbreaks .Results The results showed that 3 early warning signals at October 9th ,November 13th ,December 4th ,involving a total of 5 locations(streets/towns) .The strongest warning happened on Oc-tober 9th in Zengjia town of Shapingba district ,and Jingfeng town of Jiulongpo district ,the recurrence interval was 1 916 495 550 992 471 years .There were 2 mumps outbreaks have been reported in the surveyed areas .Both the the 2 outbreaks were detected by the prospective space-time scan statistic 5-6 days early than the actually occurred time .Conclusion The prospective space-time scan analysis method could be applied to the disease monitoring and early warning in health emergency command decision-making system in Chongqing .

Objective To preliminarily investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of Senecio cannabifolius Less.Ⅱ(FHC-Ⅱ) on perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) inhalation-induced acute lung injury. Methods Totally 156 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the PFIB group and the FHC-Ⅱ prevention group, with 32, 62 and 62 rats in each group respectively. The FHC-Ⅱprevention group were given FHC-Ⅱthree times per day at the dosage of 340 mg/kg before PFIB exposure. 1 h after the last time of FHC-Ⅱ administration, the FHC-Ⅱ prevention group were exposured to gaseous PFIB (0.2 mg/L) for 10 minutes in a static whole-body exposure inhalation system. The survival rate of the rats were recorded at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h post PFIB exposure;the lung index and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h and 24 h; IL-1β and IL-8 in sera were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h post PFIB exposure and the histopathological examination of the lung tissue was performed at 8 h post PFIB exposure. Results FHC-II significantly reduced the content of the total protein in BALF, lung index and the levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in aera as well, and dramatically alleviated the histopathological changes in the lung tissue. Conclusion FHC-Ⅱ demonstrates some preventive effect on PFIB inhalation-induced acute lung injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of Furong-Tongmai capsules on the expressions of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the sciatic nerve in diabetic rats.Methods A total of 50 rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,model group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose of Furong-Tongmai groups,10 rats in each group.Diabetes mellitus in rats were induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (60 mg/kg).The rats in the low-,medium-,and high-dose of Furong-Tongmai groups were intragastric administrated with Furong-Tongmai suspension 0.7,1.4 and 2.8 g/kg daily for 8 weeks,respectively.The rots in the normal control group and model group were intragastric administrated with equal-volume normal saline daily for 8 weeks.The expression levels of IL-1 and TNF-α in the sciatic nerve were detected with immunohistochemistry staining.Results The expression levels of IL-1 (1.43％ ± 0.17％ vs.0.21％ ± 0.09％;P＜0.05) and TNF-α (1.98％ ± 0.12％ vs.0.35％ ± 0.03％;P＜0.05) in the model group were significantly increased than those in the normal control group.The expression levels of IL-1 (0.54％ ± 0.14％,0.51％ ± 0.13％ vs.1.43％ ± 0.17％;all P＜0.05) and TNF-α (0.57％ ± 0.17％,0.49％ ± 0.15％ vs.1.98％ ± 0.12％;all P＜0.05) in the medium-,and high-dose of Furong-Tongmai groups were significantly decreased than those in the model group and low-dose of Furong-Tongmai group (1.08％ ± 0.18％ in IL-1,1.11％ ± 0.09％ in TNF-α;all P＜0.05).Conclusion Furong-Tongmai capsules can reduce the expressions of IL-1 and TNF-α in sciatic nerve in diabetic rats.

Objective To explore the the influence ofFurong-Tongmai capsules on myocardial expression of LN and CollagenⅢ in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats.Methods A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the low-, middle- high-dosageFurong-Tongmai capsules group (n=10). The low-, middle-high-dosageFurong-Tongmai group was given 1.4, 0.7, 2.8 g/(kg body weight) Furong-Tongmai capsules. The other two groups were given the same dose of purified water. After 8 weeks treatment, the myocardial was taken to make pathology slice with SP immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of LN and CollagenⅢ were detected.Results Compared with model group, the expression of LN (0.67% ± 0.04%,0.65% ± 0.09%vs. 1.08% ± 0.13%) and CollagenⅢ (0.67% ± 0.15%, 0.69% ± 0.13%vs. 1.17% ± 0.12%) in the middle-high-dosageFurong-Tongmai groups significantly decreased (P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences between the low-, middle- high-dosageFurong-Tongmai groups and the model group (P>0.05).Conclusions TheFurong-Tongmai capsules could inhibit the expression of LN and CollagenⅢ in DM rats.

Objective To investigate the expressions of cellular proliferative antigen (Ki-67)and androgen receptor (AR)in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)and their relationships with recurrence. Methods Sixty-six cases of TNBC and two hundred and fifteen cases of non triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC)tissues between January 2006 and December 2010 in Jiangmen Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were collected,the expressions of Ki-67 and AR were detected by immunohistochemical,and through follow-up the relationships between TNBC recurrence and the expressions of Ki-67 and AR were analyzed.SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the results.Results The positive rate of Ki-67 in TNBC (75.76%,50 /66)was significantly higher than that in NTNBC (62.33%,134 /215,χ2 =4.031,P =0.045),and Ki-67 expression was correlated with histological grade (χ2 =6.031,P =0.049),tumor diameter (χ2 =6.630,P =0.036)and lymph node metastasis (χ2 =5.440,P =0.020).The positive rate of AR in TNBC (31.82%,21 /66)was significantly lower than that in NTNBC (76.28%,164 /215,χ2 =44.382,P <0.001),and AR expression was correlated with menopausal status (χ2 =5.341,P =0.021 )and body mass index (χ2 =4.369,P =0.037).TNBC recurrence was related to Ki-67 expression (χ2 =4.125,P =0.042),and was not related to AR expression (χ2 =1.257,P =0.262).Conclusion High expression level of Ki-67 and low expression level of AR are characteristics of TNBC.Ki-67 positive patients are more likely to relapse,and it can be used as an indicator to predict TNBC recurrence.

BACKGROUND:The establishment of a safe, reliable and easily repeatable mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the prerequisite for the study of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a C57BL/6 mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and observe changes of biochemical indicators, which can provide a theoretical basis for its pathogenesis and drug treatment.
METHODS:Sixty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group of 30 cases (normal diet), and a model group of 30 cases (high fat diet). Models of nonalcoholic fatty liver were established. At 8 weeks, body mass, liver index, and homogenate superoxide dismutase activity in the liver were detected. Changes in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride glycerol, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. Pathological examination was performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Pathological sections showed that large droplets and smal lipid droplets in the mouse liver and spread the whole liver. Swel ing of the liver cel s, visible cytoplasmic vacuoles and obviously inflammatory changes in liver cel s were observed in the model group. (2) Body weight and liver index were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly reduced in the liver (P<0.05). (3) Triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the model group than in the control group (P<0.05). (4) Nonalcoholic fatty liver mouse model is ideal for high-fat diet-induced animal model. The method is simple, repetitive, and can provide a stable animal model for the study on the mechanism of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and drug treatment.

Objective To compare the dosimetric difference among TomoDirect (TD) radiotherapy,Helical Tomotherapy(HT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) in the treatment of upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma.Methods A total of 15 patients with cT2-4 N0-1 M0 upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled.Three plans were generated using the same dose objective for each patient:TD,HT and VMAT.Dose-volume histogram (DVH),homogeneity index (HI),conformal index (CI),dose at organ at risk (OAR),delivery time and monitor unit (MU) were compared among different plans.Results The D2 and D values in the HT and TD plans were significantly lower than those in the VMAT plans.The D98 value in the TD was similar to that in the HT,but lower than that in the VMAT.The HI of HT was significantly better than those of TD and VMAT (F =81.603,P ＜ 0.05).For the CI,there was no significant difference among the three techniques (P ＞ 0.05).For the V15 of lung,HT was significantly higher than TD (t =-2.626,P ＜0.05) and VMAT (t=3.547,P ＜ 0.05).The V20 of lung in TD was similar to that in HT,but higher than that in VMAT (t =2.824,3.052,P ＜ 0.05).The Dmax of spinal cord showed no significant difference among the three techniques.VMAT had a significantly shorter delivery time and lower MU compared with HT and TD (t =21.617,15.693,10.018,7.802,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HT and TD could gain a better planning target volume (PTV) coverage and HI than VMAT in the treatment of upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma.However,VMAT achieved the lowest lung V20,the least Mus and the shortest delivery time.HT achieved a better PTV coverage compared with TD,but TD had a lower lung V15 Mus and shorter delivery time compared with HT.

Objective:To investigate the effect of 24-hour continuous feeding by pump on gastrointestinal dysfunction and early growth of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Methods:Eighty VLBWI fed by tube in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Fuyang Women and Children′s Hospital, Anhui Province from January 2017 to June 2019, were retrospectively analyzed.They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to the simple randomization method, 40 cases in each group.The observation group included 23 males and 17 females, with the gestational age of 28 + 2-33 + 5 weeks, and birth weight of 1.04-1.47 kg.The control group included 21 males and 19 females, with the gestational age of 28 + 1-33 + 5 weeks, and birth weight of 1.05 -1.47 kg.On the basis of giving both groups routine treatment, nursing, and non-nutritional sucking, the control group was treated with intermittent tube feeding and infusion of formula milk, while the observation group was microfed 24 h continuously by pump.The general situation, meconium discharge time, frequency of daily defecation, daily milk volume, gastrointestinal dysfunction, increase of body weight after birth, and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) at 40 weeks of gestational age were compared between the two groups.The increase of body mass after birth and the determination of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) in neonatal behavioral nerve at 40 weeks of gestational age were statistically analyzed by χ2 test and t test. Results:(1)There were no significant differences in sex, gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and body length between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the premature infants in the observation group had increased daily milk volume [(12.95±2.34) g/d vs.(10.08±2.08) g/d], shortened meconium discharge time [(3.90±0.84) d vs.(5.02±0.86) d], and higher frequency of daily defecation[(3.85±1.07) times/d vs.(3.00±0.81) times/d], shortened extubation time[(14.75±3.20) d vs.(16.80±3.08) d], shortened time of weight to loss to minimum[(3.38±0.86) d vs.(4.22±0.89) d], faster growth of the daily average body weight[(15.25±2.29) g/(kg·d) vs.(11.55±1.56) g/(kg·d)], shortened average hospitalization time [(35.58±8.29) d vs.(39.42±8.29) d], and faster increase of the head circumference[(35.23±2.40) cm vs.(33.74±1.63) cm]. The differences were statistically significant ( t=5.805, -5.907, 3.981, -2.918, -2.825, 3.890, -2.060, 3.233, all P<0.05). (3)The incidence of vomiting, abdominal distension, hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( χ2=5.000, 16.050, 5.165, 14.528, all P<0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and dyspnea between the two groups ( χ2=1.438, 10.251, all P>0.05). The total scores of behavioral ability, passive muscle tension, active muscle tension, primitive reflex, general evaluation and NBNA in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.026, 3.207, 3.000, 2.421, 3.150, 6.141, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Twenty-four-hour continuous feeding by pump combined with non-nutritious sucking can significantly reduce the occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in VLBWI, promote the development and maturation of gastrointestinal function, improve the nutritional status, accelerate the physical growth, and thus facilitate the development of behavioral nerve.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in prevention of peri-operative pulmonary embolism (PE) in lower limb bone fracture patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

METHODSFrom January 2003 to December 2012, 2 248 cases of lower limb and pelvic fractures with DVT were retrospectively analyzed. Before the procedure of IVCF implantation began, January 2003 to December 2007, there were 1 052 cases of acute trauma patients with DVT were classified as the group of early none-IVCF. The IVCF implantation was began since January 2008. From that time to December 2012, 712 cases of bone fractures with DVT received filter implantation, which were classified as IVCF group. The other 484 patients who had not undergone filter deployment were divided as group of late none-IVCF. The baseline conditions of the three groups were significantly different in addition to the ages between group of early none-IVCF and IVCF group. The incidences of PE and mortality of PE in each group were recorded and analyzed by χ(2) test.

RESULTSThere were totally 31 cases of symptomatic PE, among which 12 cases died. Totally 712 filters were deployed successfully without any major complications. The incidences of symptomatic PE were 0.14% (1/712), 2.19% (23/1 052) and 1.45% (7/484) in IVCF group, group of early none-IVCF and group of late none-IVCF, respectively. The mortality of PE were 0 (0/712), 0.86% (9/1 052) and 0.62% (3/484) in these groups. The incidence of symptomatic PE in IVCF group was significantly different from that in the group of early and late none-IVCF (χ(2) = 11.762, P = 0.001; χ(2) = 7.395, P = 0.007, respectively). The mortality of IVCF group was also significantly lower compared with the other two groups (χ(2) = 6.122, P = 0.013; χ(2) = 4.424, P = 0.035, respectively).

CONCLUSIONIVCF implantation effectively prevents symptomatic and fatal PE of patients of lower limb and pelvic fractures with DVT in the peri-operative period.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Leg Injuries ; complications ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Vena Cava Filters ; Venous Thrombosis ; complications