Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 125I seed strands cavity brachytherapy for ureteral carcinoma.Methods To tally 10 patients with ureteral carcinoma underwent Carm CT and DSA guided percutaneous nephrostomy with 125I seed strands cavity brachytherapy.The technical success rate,complications,tumor local control rate,ureteral patency andsurvival time,and compared the Karnofsky scores,Girignon grade,pain score before and after treatment were evaluated.The dose related parameters were compared between pre-and post-treatment.Results 125I seed strands implantation was successfully completed in all patients with technical success rate of 100％.The mean procedure time was (12.3 ±3.8) min.No severe complications such as ureteral perforation,infection,severe bleeding occurred.Local tumor response was CR in 4 cases and PR in 6 cases,showing local control efficiency (CR + PR) 100％ after 2-3 months.Ureteral patency rate was 50％ (5/10).Postprocedure Karnofsky scores,Girignon grades,and pain scores were significantly improved (Z =-2.72,-2.88,-2.83,P＜0.01).The average follow-up time was (14.6 ±6.5) months (5-25 months),tumor progression was observed in 3 cases,stable disease in 7 cases.Nine cases were alive and one died due to multiple organ failure.The differences of D90％,mPD,V100％,V150％,V200％,CI,EI,HI between the preand post-treatment were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions 125I seed strands cavity brachytherapy for ureteral carcinoma is an effective and safe procedure without serious complications,and an effective alternative treatment for patients who are unable to undergoor refuse surgery.

Objective To compare the efficacy of partial splenic embolization (PSE)with 150－350 μm and 350－560 μm polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).Methods A total of 24 patients were analyzed retrospectively in this study.Among them,9 patients underwent PSE with PVA of 1 50－350 μm (group A)and 1 5 patients with PVA of 350－560 μm (group B).Hematological parameters including white blood cell and platelet counts before and 1 week after surgery were compared between the two groups,as well as postoperative complications. Results The white blood cell and platelet counts were both significantly increased after 1 week of surgery compared with that before surgery (both P＜0.05).Furthermore,group A had obvious advantage over group B in increasing platelets (P＝0.05).The incidences of postoperative complications were 100% (9/9)in group A and 87% (13/15)in group B,respectively,but the incidence and severity of complications between two groups were comparable.Conclusion PSE with PVA of 1 50－3 50 μm has advantage in postoperative platelet improvement over PVA of 350－560 μm.

Objective To design a kind of nasal feeding nutritional tube that can carry 125I particles,to use this tube for the treatment of upper digestive tract malignant occlusive disease in order to achieve double effect of nasal feeding nutrition and brachytherapy.Methods 125I particles were put into a 3F catheter,then both ends of the catheter were sealed off to make 125I particle chain.By using binding technology,the 125I particle chain was fixed on the nasal feeding tube.Under DSA guidance,the nasal feeding tube carrying 125I particle chain was inserted into the esophagus,with the 125I particle chain segment crossing over the section of esophageal stenosis or occlusion to conduct brachytherapy.This technique was employed in 6 patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.The technical success rate,operation time and complications were recorded.Two months after the treatment,the Karnofsky score,visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,Neuhaus dysphagia grading,esophagus patency on esophageal radiography,and local tumor control rate were determined.Results The preparation of nasal feeding nutritional tube carrying 125I particle chain was simple.The technical success rate was 100％,the mean operation time was 15.5 min,no serious complications such as bleeding or infection occurred.Two months after the treatment,the Karnofsky score,VAS pain score and Neuhaus dysphagia grading were significantly improved when compared with the preoperative data (P＜0.O1).On esophageal radiography,the contrast agent passed through the narrow area smoothly.Partial remission (PR) of local tumor was obtained in all patients,and the local tumor control rate was 100％.The patients were followed up for 2-6 months,one patient developed recurrent obstruction.Conclusion It is simple and easy to prepare a nasal feeding nutritional tube carrying 125I particle chain,the use of this kind of tube can achieve both parenteral nutrition and brachytherapy at the same time.Therefore,this technique opens a new way for the treatment of esophageal malignant tumor.

Objective To observe the effects and regulatory mechanism of rotavirus infection on the expression and bioactivity of Na+/H+exchanger 3 (NHE3) on Caco-2 cells. Methods A cell model of Caco-2 cells expressing NHE3 was constructed. Four groups were set up,which were control(CTL) group, rotavirus(RV) infection group, Cdc42 inhibitor (Pirl-1) group and Pirl-1+RV group. Bioactivity and ex-pression of NHE3 on the surface of Caco-2 cells were determined by BCECF-AM and biotinylation method, respectively. Expression of Cdc42 protein was measured by Western blot. Co-immunoprecipitation was per-formed to detect the interaction between NHE3 and Cdc42. Results Compared with the CTL group,RV in-fection significantly inhibited the bioactivity and expression of NHE3 on Caco-2 cells. These inhibitory effects were antagonized by Pirl-1. Moreover,RV infection enhanced the expression of Cdc42 protein and promoted the interaction between NHE3 and Cdc42, which were also antagonized by Pirl-1. Conclusion RV infec-tion might regulate the expression and bioactivity of NHE3 through Cdc42-dependent endocytosis pathway.