Malignant tumor is one of the principle diseases which threatens the health of human being, and its incidence rate has been dramatically increased in recent years.Modern medical model has transformed from biomedical model to the model of "biology-psychology-society",from experience-based medicine to evidence-based medicine (EBM).At the same time,individualization is also one of important principles of tumor combined therapy.EBM and individualization treatment are not to opposed to each other but to complement each other. This article expounded the relationship of EBM and individualization treatment in tumor therapy,and showed that both of these two principles must be grasped arid carried out in clinical work.

Biochemotherapy refers to the combination of biotherapy and chemotherapy,and it has been rapidly developed since its emergence.Biochemotherapy has brought both new therapies and new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of malignant tumors.In this article,we reviewed the recent advances in tumor biochemotherapies,including expansion of the indications,retaining of therapy even when tumor progressed(unique to biochemotherapy),and reversal of chemotherapy resistance by targeted therapy,the predicting response to tumor biochemotherapy,recent clinical trials of immunotherapy-based chemotherapy,and evaluation criteria for assessment of biochemotherapy response,and so on.

Objective To generate cytokine induced killer (CIK) by inducing lymphocytes cells from peripheral blood in vitro , and to study the phenotype and biological activities of CIK. Methods Lymphocytes cells were isolated fresh from peripheral blood of healthy donors by Ficoll Hypaque density centrifugation, and the cells obtained were resuspended in RPMI medium consisting of 10% fetal calf serum at 37℃, 5%CO 2 for 2h. On day 0, the nonadherent cells were activated with IFN ? (1 000U/ml) and the following days were stimulated with CD3mAb (3 75?g/ml) and rhIL 2 (600U/ml). Phenotype of CIK were analysed by FACS. The proliferation of CIK was tested using 3 H Thymidine, and the killing experiment using MTT tests. Results The proliferation peak of CIK was at day 20, and declined at day 30. The percentages of the cytotoxicity of CIK cells for stomach cancer cell line MGC803 and liver cancer cell line Bel7402 was 65 45%?5 68% and 68 37%?3 93% respectively. CIK cells expressed the phenotypes of CD3CD56, CD3, CD54, CD28CD54, CD11a, HLA DR and CD28. Conclusion IFN ?, CD3mAb and rhIL 2 can induce strong proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes to produce CIK cells expressing the phenotype of CD3CD56, CD3, CD54, CD28CD54, CD11a, HLA DR, CD28, which have strong cytotoxicity on tumor cells.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of nose jejunal tube (NJT) and nasogastric tube (NGT) in providing early enteral nutrition for patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods Forty patients with severe craniocerebral injury and required early enteral nutrition were equally and randomly divided into NJT group and NGT group based on the tube type. The biochemical indicators, gastrointestinal tract tolerance, and complications were compared between these two groups. Results Serum albumin, blood glucose, and lymphocyte count were not significantly different between these two groups before and immediately after nutritional support (all P ＞0. 05). However, 14 days after nutritional support, the blood sugar level significantly decreased compared with the baseline levels in the NJT group (P =0. 0001). The incidences of reflux (P = 0. 001) and abdominal distension (P =0.011) were significantly lower in NJT group than in NGT group. Conclusion NJT is superior to NGT in providing early enteral nutrition for patients with severe craniocerebral injury.

In recent years, more and more people has suffered from cancer which are causing more and more death. According to evidence-based medicine, the individualized therapy and normalized therapy are important principles of tumor therapy now.In order to improve the quality and effect of tumor therapy, produce qualified oncology physicians, it is important to emphasis the training of oncologist physicians. This article, gives some advices in enhance the level of oncology physicians.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and gin-senoside Rb1 in Shenqi xinshu capsule. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Zorbax SB-C18(150 × 4.6 mm,5 μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 203 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.199 8-3.996 0 μg for notoginsenoside R1,0.842 8-10.143 0 μg for ginsenoside Rg1 and 0.823 4-9.978 0 μg for ginsenoside Rb1;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were low-er than 2%;recoveries were 95.17%-100.17%(RSD=1.81%,n=9),97.32%-101.18%(RSD=1.44%,n=9)and 95.22%-98.89%(RSD=1.22%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous contents determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rb1 in Shenqi xinshu capsule.

Objective The purpose of present study was to compare the efficacy of topical dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),intralesional hyaluronidase(HAase)and intralesional HAase plus topical DMSO on skin damage caused by docetaxel extravasation in a rat model.Methods After the establishment of animal model of docetaxel extravasation on each hind limb in 30 SD rats,the animals were assigned randomly into 6 groups with 5 rats for each group:topical DMSO group(TD),intralesional HAase group(IH),IH plus TD group(IH+TD),topical normal saline group(tNS),intralesional NS group(iNS),and control group(C).The extent of skin damage and the healing time were observed and compared.Results The extent of skin damage was different among the 6 groups:severer skin damage was seen in tNS,iNS and C groups compared with TD,IH and IH+TD groups.The healing time was significantly shorter in TD group than in both tNS and C groups [(19.10?2.13)d vs(23.70?2.41)d and(25.70?2.26)d,P

Objective To establish a gemcitabine-resistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cell line and study its characteristics.Methods The drug-resistant cell line CNE2/Gem was established by a procedure of treating the human NPC cells CNE2 with gemcitabine by pulse drug selection and continuous stepwise selection.The IC50 and resistance index(RI)to several commonly used anti-tumor drugs were tested by MTT assay.Fluorescence activated cell analysis(FACS)was employed for determining the cell cycle and concentration of fluorescence dye rhodamine 123 within the cells.Cell growth curve,doubling time and cell morphology were measured and observed.Results Duplication time of CNE2 and CNE2/Gem was 17.13h and 23.13h,respectively,as evaluated by the growth curve.The IC50 to gemcitabine increased from 2.84?1.63?g/ml in CNE2 to 42.95?7.53?g/ml in CNE2/Gem as tested by MTT assay at 48～72h exposure,the RI was 23.61(P

Objective　To investigate dynamic changes of the p53 gene and its protein during occurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer and explore the relationship between p53 mutation and survival of the patients. Methods　p53 gene (exon 5-9) was examined by PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and automated sequencing. Results　p53 alterations were found in exons 5 through 9 in 26 of the 41 patients (63%). Of the 26 patients, 6 had the alterations in the liver metastatic lesions but not in the original colorectal lesion. The other 20 had the alterations in both of the primary colorectal and hepatic metastatic lesions. Meanwhile, an additional mutation in the metastatic lesions was found in 3 cases. The analysis about the survival revealed that the patients with mutant p53 in the metastatic lesions had a longer survival as compared with those with wild type p53. Conclusion　In the process of liver metastasis of the colorectal cancer, p53 mutations mainly start in the primary colorectal lesion and then is kept and brought into the liver. It also might start from metastatic lesion in a few cases. For the patients who had liver metastasis of colorectal cancer and underwent hepatectomy, the survival is longer in mutant p53 group than in wild type p53 group.

Objective:To investigate the expression change of voltage-gated calcium channels(VGCC) in the facial nucleus motoneurons of adult rats after facial nerve injury.Methods:The facial motor nucleus was localized by retrograde labeling with a fluorescent dye,Dil,and identified by Nissl staining.The facial nerve injury model was established by amputation of the main trunk of left facial nerve.Exposure of the right facial nerve without nerve transection was used as the control.Rats were sacrificed at 3,7,14 and 28 days after injury respectively(n =10),the brainstem containing facial nucleus were collected,the expression of P/Q,N,L,R-type calcium channel α1A,α1B,α1C and α1E subunits was examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results:Immunohistochemistry results show that whereas α1A,α1E subunits levels did not vary compared with control group 3,7,14,28 days after injury(P ＞0.05),α1B and α1C subunits immunoreactivity decreased in the motoneurons after injury,a sharp decrease was detected at 14 days after injury(P ＜ 0.01),thereafter returned to the control level at 28 days after axotomy(P ＞0.05).The expression of α1B and α1C mRNA was down-regulated,especially 14 days after the injury(P ＜0.01),and then recovered to normal level at 28 days (P ＞ 0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference of α1A and α1E subunits and their correspoding mRNA between operated group and control group at all time points(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:VGCC is involved in facial nerve injury and down-regulation of N-type and L-type calcium channels may be one of the role.