Objective: To design device to measure D/T index which is used for evaluation of arteriosclerosis. Methods:By calculating the detected date of blood pressure values, pulse pressure, pulse rate, pulse patterns and SpO2 on the extremities, we get a set of analytical data in the system in order to analyze the arteriosclerosis situations. Results: The device use the ECG signal as it based and modulated signal, the computer process the date of blood pressure and SpO2, then output the result by the display and printing systems. Conclusion:The device provides an effective noninvasive detection means for extremity vascular.

ObjectiveTo probe into the dependability of trochlear line (TL) as the reference axis for femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty.MethodsEighty-nine healthy adults had computed tomography (CT) scan for knees to position the surgical transepicondylar axis (STEA),posterior condylar line (PCL) and TL on the transverse sections.In the meantime,the angles including angle between TL and STEA (TSA),angle between TL and PCL (TPA) and angle between PCL and STEA (PCA) were measured and compare the dependability of TSA and PCA.ResultsThe TSA,TPA and PCA were (6.77 ± 3.12) °,(4.22 ± 2.64) ° and (2.95 ± 1.77) °,respectively.Three types of angles showed no statistical differences between males and females or between right knees and left knees (P ＞0.05).Rank sum test displayed significant differences in the overall distributions of three kinds of angles ( HC =66.837,P ＜0.01 ).The coefficient of variation of TSA was insignificant,but the standard variation was significant (3.12°).ConclusionTL can be considered only as the subsidiary femoral rotation osteotomy axis in total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Centrifugal force is a contributing factor inducing osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow stroma cells.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether centrifugal force promote osteoblastic differentiation from rabbit marrow stroma cell seeded on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow stroma cells were isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow method, purified by attachment method, and digested by trypsin-EDTA at 80% confluency. The cell concentration was adjusted to 1×10~9/L. PLGA was cut into pieces, 5 mm×5 mm, soaked in serum-conditioned culture medium for 24 hours. The third passage of bone stroma cell suspension at a density of 300 μL was respectively seeded into the PLGA material. The scaffold/cell compound was placed in centrifuge tube, with cell at the upper layer and cultured in osteoblastic induced medium containing antiscorbic acid, β-sodium glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone respectively under centrifugal force every 12 hours (1 000 r/min for 30 minutes, relative centrifugal force 132 g) and static condition. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin content and calcium content as well as observation by light microscopy were used to evaluate osteoblastic differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 16 days of in vitro culture, the scaffolds of centrifugal force group were coated by multiplayer cells and mineralized matrix, but only a thin layer of cells were observed on the scaffold of control group. The centrifugal force system resulted in a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity at day 2 (P < 0.05) but significant increase at day 4 compared with the static culture condition (P < 0.05). During the whole culture time, osteocalcin secretion remained low in control group. At days 12 and 16, a significant enhancement in osteocalcin secretion was observed for centrifugal force culture compared with static culture conditions (P < 0.05). Moreover, after 16 days of culture a significant increase in calcium deposition was observed in the scaffolds subjected to centrifugal force compared with static culture condition (P < 0.05). Centrifugal force can enhance osteoblastic differentiation and mineralized matrix production of bone marrow stroma cell seeded in PLGA.

Objective To compare the clinic effect of the locking compression plate (LCP) fixation and the anatomical plate in treatment of high-energy distal tibial fractures. Methods The study involved 42 patients with high-energy distal tibial fractures treated between May 2003 and May 2009. The anatomical plate group included 24 patients ( 16 males and 8 females, at average age of 39 years), of whom there were 13 patients with type A fractures, five with type B and six with type C according to the AO/ASIF classification. The LCP group included 18 patients ( 15 males and 3 females, at average age of 40 years), of whom there were 11 patients with type A fractures, three with type B and four with type C according to the AO/ASIF classification. All the patients were followed up for 8-17 months. Their functional and radiographic outcomes were collected. The operation time, intra-operative blood loss, X-ray exposure, bone healing time, post-operative complications and therapeutic effects were compared between both groups. Mazur's criteria was used to evaluate the function of the ankle. Results The LCP group was followed up for average 11.6 months and the anatomical plate group for average 14.2 months, which showed fracture healing in all the patients. The bone graft in the anatomical plate group was used more frequently than the LCP group, while the X-ray exposure in the LCP group was much more than that in the anatomical plate group. The operation time, incision size, blood loss, postoperative complications and radiographic bone healing time in the LCP group were significantly less than those in the anatomical plate group. Conclusions Both the LCP and anatomical plate are effective methods for the high energy distal tibial fractures. LCP has advantages of less trauma, quick fracture healing and less complications, is consistent with the biomechanics of internal fixation and hence is an ideal method for the treatment of the high-energy tibial fractures.

Objective To explore the status of Cryptosporidium infection among injection drug abusers(IDUs) based on the purified recombinant CP23 protein antigen.Methods The serologic antibody response of Cryptosporidium infection was examined by indirect ELISA in the collected 588 serum episodes of IDUs and 384 cases of healthy persons. Results Among 588 cases of IDUs, 69.90% of them were serologic antibody-positive, compared with 29.43% of the healthy persons, with a significant difference(P

Objective　To investigate the association betwee n the β3-adrenergic receptor gene (β3-AR) and obesity. Methods　147 patients with obesity and 106 controls were selected. Genotype of the β 3-AR was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragme nt length polymorphism methods (RFLP). Body mass index (BMI) was detected. Results　The frequency of Arg64 allele of β3-AR gene in the obesit y g roup (20.3%) was significantly higher than those in the control group (10.2%) ( P=0.001) . The distribution of Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg genotype in the patient group (38.7% and 0.9%) were both higher than that in the control group (19.0% and 0.7%). In the female subj ects, the Trp64Arg mutation and frequency of Arg64 allele of the β3-AR gene in the obesity group(40.6% and 20.3%) were also higher than those in control (16 . 7% and 9.5%)(P<0.01). Conclusions　These results suggest th at the Trp64Arg mutation of the β3-adrenergic-receptor gene may be associat ed with increased body fat.

Objective To realize the effect of WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy (MHHIS)on improving hand hygiene compliance of health care workers(HCWs).Methods From June to December 2012,HCWs in a hospital was intervened by adopting MHHIS,hand hygiene compliance rate before and after intervention was com-pared,and effectiveness of intervention was assessed.Results Hand hygiene compliance of doctors and nurses improved from 14.06%(35/249)and 28.62%(81/283)before intervention to 31.73%(79/249)and 57.60%(163/283)after inter-vention respectively(both P <0.05).Except outpatient and emergency department,hand hygiene compliance of the other departments significantly improved (all P <0.05);hand hygiene compliance of various hand hygiene indicators significantly improved except ‘after contact with patient surrounding’(all P <0.05),the differences were statistically different (P<0.05).Conclusion Using WHO MHHIS can effectively improve hand hygiene compliance of HCWs.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of geographic distribution and change trend of myopia prevalence for children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old from 2005 to 2014, which provides the basis for the prevention of myopia. Methods: Research material was selected from the data of 2005, 2010, and 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health, including 31 provinces (with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). The complete detection data of binoculus in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old were selected as our research objects. The research objects of three studies were 233 505, 216 474, and 215 160, respectively. We analyzed the characteristics of geographic distribution and change trend of myopia prevalence for children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in 31 provinces from 2005 to 2014. Results: The overall myopia detection rates in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old in 31 provinces were 47.4% (111 707/235 505), 55.6% (120 456/216 474), and 57.2% (122 965/215 160) in 2005, 2010 and 2014, respectively. The growth range in this two phases were 8.0 percentage points, and 1.6 percentage points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The detection rate of Myopia was growing quickly from 2005 to 2010 and only three provinces were in the situation of decline state including Tianjin, Hainan, and Ningxia. 90.3 percent (28/31) of provinces were in the situation of growth state and the growth range was 1.3%-22.3%. The growth of myopia was in the situation of slowdown from 2010 to 2014, and 38.7 percent (12/31) of the provinces were in negative growth districts including Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet, Qianghai, and Xinjiang. The growth range in other provinces was 0.4%-24.7%. Conclusion The myopia detection rate was at a higher level and growing constantly in China. There was large difference for myopia of children and adolescents among the 31 provinces. However, the overall growth rate of myopia in children and adolescents was in the situation of a relatively low level form 2010 to 2014.

Objective: To evaluate the physical fitness and its regional distribution of students aged 13-18 years in China, using the National Standards for Students’ Physical Fitness (revised in 2014). Methods: We recruited 105 834 students aged 13 to 18 years from the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health project in 2014. Related total scores, rates for qualified and for excellence (the proportions of individuals whose total score greater than or equal to 60.0 or 90.0) of these students were gathered. T test was applied to compare means of total score in different groups. χ² test was used to compare the differences of qualified or excellence rates between different groups while Pearson correlation method was applied to test the relation of each index with per capita GDP. Results: The average score was (70.1±10.7) among students aged 13 to 18 years in China. 88 805 (83.9%) students whose score exceeded 60.0 while 1 734 (1.6%) exceeded 90.0. Average score, rates of both qualified or excellence of students aged 13 to 15 appeared higher than those aged 16 to 18 but lower in males than in females. However, the rate of excellence was much higher in male students. Students living in urban areas showed both lower average score and qualified rate but higher rate of excellence than those living in rural areas. Both qualified and Excellent rates decreased with the increase of age in both sexes. We also noticed that both higher physical fitness and health status appeared in students from the east coast. Pearson correlation coefficient of each index (average score, qualified or Excellent rate) on per capital GDP appeared as 0.56, 0.43 and 0.65, respectively. Conclusion In 2014, the physical fitness of Chinese students aged 13 to 18 was not satisfactory, with older students and those living in underdeveloped areas, in particular.

Objective: To analyze the change in mortality and major causes of death among Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Data of death for Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016). The data was used to describe the change in mortality of Chinese adolescents from 1990 to 2016.Top 15 causes of death were compared between 1990 and 2016. Results: From 1990 to 2016, the all-cause mortality of Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years old dropped from 102.5/100 000 to 41.2/100 000, reaching about a half of the global average (78.6/100 000) but still almost twice as high as the average of high-income countries (24.3/100 000) by 2016; the reduction in mortality was higher among females than that among males (decreased 68.7% vs. 54.7%), and among adolescents aged 10-14 years than that among those aged 15-19 years (decreased 62.1% vs. 57.1%). During the 26-year period, the cause-specific mortality of all top 15 causes saw sharp decreases. Among them, communicable, maternal, and nutritional diseases saw the most significant decrease (78.1%), and its proportion in all adolescent deaths fell from 11.1% to 6.1%. Meanwhile, non-communicable diseases and injuries saw relatively small decreases (58.2% and 57.3% respectively), and their proportions rose from 33.4% and 55.6% to 34.8% and 59.1%, respectively. The top 5 causes of death changed from drowning (17.39/100 000 in mortality, 17.0% in proportion), road injuries (14.77/100 000, 14.4%), self-harm (11.44/100 000, 11.2%), leukemia (5.48/100 000, 5.4%) and interpersonal violence (3.12/100 000, 3.0%) in1990 into road injuries (9.27/100 000, 22.5%), drowning (6.83/100 000, 16.6%), leukemia(2.73/100 000, 6.6%), self-harm (2.53/100 000, 6.2%) and congenital birth defects (1.76/100 000, 4.3%) in 2016, and tuberculosis, poisonings and rheumatic heart disease had dropped out of the top 15 in 2016. Conclusion The mortality of Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years has decreased significantly, but still higher than developed countries. Since 1990, injuries,especially for road injuries and drowning, have always been the leading causes of death among Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years, followed by non-communicable diseases.