Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience of surgical site infection(SSI)after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD).Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 11 cases of postoperative SSI after PELD from January 2016 to December 2022.After PELD surgery,severe lower back or lower limb pain occurred in all the patients,with a Visual Analog Scale(VAS)score of 7-9(average,8.1).The erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)was 17-114 mm/h(average,54.4 mm/h),and the level of C-reactive protein(CRP)was 8-151 mg/L(average,56.5 mg/L).The MRI showed changes of inflammatory signals in the intervertebral space of the surgical area.The SSI was diagnosed at 2-17 d(average,9.5 d)after PELD surgery.All the cases were treated with antibiotics(4 cases with empiric antibiotic therapy and 7 cases with sensitive antibiotic treatment),8 of which underwent combined surgery,including percutaneous endoscopic lesion removal,catheter irrigation and drainage in 4 cases,posterior lesion removal in 2 cases,and posterior lesion removal combined with internal fixation in 2 cases.Results The patients were followed up for 14-75 months(average,36.8 months).According to the modified MacNab criteria,5 cases were excellent,4 cases were good,and 2 cases were fair.Conclusions SSI after PELD is characterized by acute onset,recurrent severe lower back or lower limb pain,elevated inflammatory markers,and characteristic imaging features.Standardized antibiotic treatment combined with surgery can achieve good therapeutic effects.

With the aging of population， osteoporosis has become one of the main diseases endangering the health of the elderly in China. Therefore， the research on osteoporosis has become a hot spot. Since Chinese medicines demonstrate significant therapeutic effects on osteoporosis， this issue is attracting increasing attention from researchers， especially in the deciphering of the molecular mechanism. This paper introduces the mechanism of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by Chinese medicines via the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for deciphering the mechanism of Chinese medicines in the treatment of osteoporosis and promoting their clinical application. MAPK signaling pathway mainly involves p38 MAPK， extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 （ERK5）. Studies have shown that these proteins play a role in the progression of osteoporosis by regulating cell proliferation， differentiation， and apoptosis. Chinese medicines as a unique therapy with Chinese characteristics has definite efficacy， high safety， and mild side effects. Researchers have proved by experiments that the extracts or compounds of Chinese medicines can significantly mitigate osteoporosis by regulating the proteins involved in the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore， this article reviews the relevant studies with focus on these proteins.

In recent years， with the changes of population structure and the aggravation of aging， the prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing year by year. Osteoporosis poses great impacts on the body and family life of the patients and increases the burden on the society. Therefore， the research on osteoporosis is urgent and significant. The imbalance between osteoblasts， osteocytes， and osteoclasts causes abnormal bone metabolism， which destroys the fine structure of bone and increases bone fragility， thus increasing the risk of fracture. Although the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is complex， researchers have confirmed that the imbalance of the endocrine system directly or indirectly promotes the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a treasure of Chinese traditional culture and plays a key role in safeguarding the public health. With unique therapeutic effects and advantages， TCM has been widely accepted. Chinese medicines， moxibustion， acupuncture and other TCM therapies have play a unique role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Particularly， TCM prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by regulating the endocrine system has received extensive attention. By reviewing relevant literature， this paper introduces the research progress in the TCM modulation of bone metabolism and alleviation of bone loss by regulating estrogen， calcitonin， and parathyroid hormone in the endocrine system and affecting the hypothalamus capable of regulating these hormones， aiming to provide ideas for the TCM treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of static visual acuity (SVA) and kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and the correlation between the for children. Methods From April to June, 2018, SVA and KVA of 715 children aged 6 to 10 years in Suzhou were tested with logarithmic visual chart and KVA meter. Results KVA and SVA increased with age within 6 to 9 years old, and decreased then. KVA was higher in boys than in girls (t = 4.604, P < 0.001), but not significantly different for SVA (t = 1.822, P > 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between KVA and SVA (r = 0.552, P < 0.01). KVA can predicted SVA (B = 0.617, P < 0.001). Conclusion KVA and SVA develop for children aged 6 to 9, and moderately positive correlate with each other. It means SVA may be improved via training of KVA.