Detection of lipids ,lipoprotein and lipid metabolism related indicators is important in the risk assessment and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD ) .Along with the research progress,there are still defects within the established lipid biomarkers and methods ,which need continuous optimization.The ASCVD risk assessment is expected to be further improved as the new biomarkers are coming up.

Objective To study the short-and long-term results for Cockett syndrome caused acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity by surgical thrombectomy or catheter-directed thrombolysis.Methods One hundred and two Cockett syndrome caused acute DVT cases were treated by surgical thrombectomy or catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) from Jan 2006 to Dec 2011.There were 52 patients treated by CDT (group A),and 50 cases by surgical thrombectomy (group B).All patients received warfarin treatment after operation.Results There were no significant differences in general clinical characteristics between the two groups.The limb edema reduction rates between the two groups were of no significant difference(83％ ± 6％ vs.82％ ± 8％ P ＞ 0.05).The venous patency were basically the same (64.6％ ± 6.7％ vs.65.3％ ± 7.2％,P ＞ 0.05).The mean time required was shorter in group A than in group B[(30.5 ±6.7) min vs.(97.5 ±23.6) min,P ＜0.01].The average hospital stay was shorter [(9.8±5.4) d vs.(17.7 ±8.2) d,P＜0.01],and morbidity was less[13.4％ vs.42％,P＜0.01].Eighty six patients were followed up.The circunference difference of thigh,the score of vein patency between the two groups were of no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with surgical group,patients in CDT group have shorter hospital stay,less complication and similar long and shortterm results.

Objective To investigate and analyze cognitive similarities and differences of nurses factors that lead to the tense nurse-patient relationship from both attitudes of nurses and patients. Methods By using the method of questionnaire, 284 nurses and 305 patients were investigated respectively in a top'three hospital of a city. Results There was a significant difference in cognitive scores of nurses factors that lead to the tense nurse- patient relationship (P < 0.01), patients' scores were (3.90±0.47) points which were higher than (3.52±0.35) points of the nurses′. In dimensions of prioritization, both nurses and patients believed that technical ability, professional knowledge and service attitude were the main factors leading to the tense relationship between nurses and patients. While nurses held that communication ability was more important, patients held that the nurse′s own personality was more important. Conclusions There are similarities and differences of attitudes to nurs's factors between nurses and patients regarding tension in nurse- patient relationship. The tense relationship between nurses and patients is affected to a great extent by nurses' professional knowledge, technical ability and service attitude. Managers should objectively evaluate and fully pay attention to cognitive similarities and differences of both sides, strengthen nurses′theoretical knowledge and clinical skills training, improve service attitude, and develop good character,in order to provide high quality nursing service for patients.

Objective To investigate the correlation of ? catenin expression with the carcinogenesis and progression of human colorectal cancer Methods The colorectal adenoma carcinoma tissue chips including 400 cores were constructed and the expression of ? catenin in 220 cases of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemical staining Results The effective rates of information by tissue chips stained by hematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemistry were 98 8% and 98 0%, respectively The nuclear expression rate of ? catenin was 35 9% in malignant changes in adenoma, which was significantly higher than that in adenoma (16 7%) and carcinoma (19 7%) ( P

AIM:To study the protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride(PHC) on transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion injury in gerbils.METHODS:The model of transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion was established in gerbils by bilateral carotid artery clamping.The effects of PHC on neurological function scores and the morphous of hippocampal pyramidal neuron of gerbils were observed after receiving transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion.SOD activities and contents of MDA in the hippocampus and cortex of gerbils were measured.RESULTS:In the groups of PHC(0.08),(0.24)(mg?kg~(-1)) and atropine,the stroke index was decreased,compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group after the gerbils received transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion for six hours.PHC could reduce the degree of injury in hippocampal pyramidal neuron after ischemia reperfusion for three days.CONCLUSION: PHC has protective effects on transient forebrain ischemia reperfusion injury in gerbils.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of Interleukin(IL)?6 and matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)?13 in synovial fluid by in?vigorating kidney and activating blood formulae in treating rabbit knee osteoarthritis model. Methods A total of 30 New Zealand rabbit were ran?domly divided into blank group,model group,invigorating kidney group,activating blood group and invigorating kidney and activating blood group. Rabbits model with knee osteoarthritis were established by improved Hulth method. To give corresponding respectively the medicinal broth,model group was given saline,knee joint synovial fluid was collected after 4,8 and 12 weeks. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of IL?6 and MMP?13. Results The levels of IL?6 in rabbit knee osteoarthritis were obviously higher than that of normal control group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks(P<0.001). But there was no statistical difference on the levels of IL?6 compared with controls in 12 weeks. In addition,the level of MMP?13 at 4 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks were significantly higher than the blank control group(P<0.001). After 8 weeks of Chinese medicine administration,the levels of IL?6 in synovial fluid were significantly decreased in invigorating kidney group,activating blood group and invigorating kidney and activating blood group(P<0.001),but there was no statistical difference among groups in 12 weeks. The MMP?13 levels of synovial fluid was significantly lower than the model group(P<0.001). Conclusion Our results indicate that IL?6 and MMP?13 par?ticipate in the pathological development of the rabbit knee osteoarthritis. Invigorating kidney and activating blood formulae could reduce the expres?sion of IL?6 and MMP?13 and alleviate osteoarthritis progression,and which is superior to the pure invigorating kidney formulae and activating blood formulae.

Objective To observe the blood flow changes of left ventricular cavity and quantify the energy loss (EL) and circulation of left ventricular during systole and diastole in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) via vector flow mapping(VFM).Methods Thirty-six healthy volunteers and 32DCM patients were enrolled.According to the severity of mitral regurgitation(MR),DCM patients were divided into two groups.The quantitative parameters,including average energy loss(EL-base,EL mid,EL-apex) and circulation (vortex quantity,vortex area,circulation) were measured in the different periods of VFM imaging mode in apical four-chamber view,apical three-chamber view and apical two-chamber view respectively.The difference of parameters was evaluated between different groups during the different periods.The early transmitral valve blood flow velocity E,the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity A,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the early diastolic mitral valve velocity E/e,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity E/A and Tei index were derived via dual-Doppler imaging technology.Meanwhile,the correlation between VFM parameters with E,A,E/A,E/e or Tei index was also analyzed.Results ①The level of EL were decreased significantly among EL-mid and EL-apex during early diastole,EL-mid during mid-systole,EL-mid and EL-apex during late-systole (P ＜0.05),when compared with the control group.The vortex quantity,vortex area and circulation during early diastole and the vortex area and circulation during atrial contraction period were significantly different between two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).As for mid-diastole,only vortex area showed significant difference (P ＜0).01).(②) When compared with different grades of MR in DCM patients,the level of all segments EL during diastole and EL-base during systole increased with severity of MR(P ＜0.05).The circulation during diastole also increased with the severity of MR(P ＜0.05).③The vortex area and circulation had positive correlation with E/e during diastole in all subjects(all P ＜0.05).The vortex area during atrial contraction period and early diastole had positive correlation with E/A and Tei index in all subjects(r =0.630,0.345,0.468,0.316,0.663,0.264,respectively,allP ＜0.01).EL-mid during late-systole were negatively correlated with LV end diastolic volume,end systolic volume,but positively correlated with ejection fraction in all subjects(r =0.335,-0.312,0.340,respectively,all P ＜0.05).While,there was positive correlation between E/A with the basal segment of mid-diastole(r =0.376,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The visualization of hydromechanics inside the heart of DCM patients could be directly accomplished by VFM,which can provide a new method for diagnosis and evaluation of DCM.

Objective To evaluate a combination of interventional treatment and surgical exploration for acute lower limb ischemic disease.Methods We reviewed 42 cases admitted from July 2007 to January 2010,all patients complained pain,paralysis,pulselessness,pallor and paresthesia.After Fogarty thrombectomy angiography was taken in DSA room.Patients with angiostenosis greater than 50％ were then managed by interventional treatment(CDT,PTA,Stenting).Results Lives were saved in all patients,40 lower limbs were saved,and 2 patients received below knee amputation.The amputation rate was 4.76％.Dorsal or(and)posterior tibial artery of foot was felt in 33 patients,symptoms significantly improved.The other 7 patients still had painful and paralysis on the diseased limb.Conclusions The interventional treatment and surgical operation in acute lower limb ischemic disease is safe and result is satisfactory,which can improve the long-term patency and salvage rate of the lower limb.

Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid artery plaque formation and blood pressure(BP),pulse pressure(PP),mean blood pressure(MBP) in elderly men.Methods A total of 1461elderly men were divided into carotid artery plaque group(n =1012)and non-carotid artery plaque group(n =449) according to vascular ultrasound examination.Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) were recorded by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM),at the same time pulse pressure (PP)and mean arterial blood pressure(MBP)were calculated.The relationship between carotid artery plaque formation and SBP,DBP,PP,MBP were analyzed.Results The age in carotid artery plaque group was significantly higher than that in non-carotid artery plaque group[(80.5±5.4) years old vs(77.3±5.9) years old,t =-4.233,P ＜ 0.01];The levels of SBP,PP and M BP in artery plaque group were significantly higher than those in non-carotid artery plaque group[SBP:(132.2±17.0) mm Hg vs(127.5±16.0) mm Hg,t =-4.893,P ＜ 0.001; PP:(60.8±13.4) mm Hg vs(55.9±12.5) mm Hg,t =-5.021,P ＜0.001) ;MBP:(92.6±10.3)mm Hg vs(91.0±9.9)mm Hg,t =-3.897,P ＜ 0.01].The incidence of carotid artery plaque was closely related to age(OR =1.061,P =0.0001),myocardial infarction(OR =1.896,P =0.0135),hypertension grades(OR =1.177,P =0.0019),high cholesterol(OR =1.353,P =0.0335),reduced systolic function(OR =2.466,P =0.0001),lower extremity arterial plaque(OR =5.453,P =0.0001).Conclusion In elderly men,formation of the carotid artery plaque is closely related to increased SBP,PP and MBP,but independent to DBP.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and impact of recombinant human cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 fusion proteins (rhCTLA-4Ig) on serum human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CX3CL1 in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods Forty-four RA patients were treated with rhCTLA-4Ig and placebo.Clinical response was assessed by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28).The levels of serum TNF-α and CX3CL1 were determined in 44 RA patients and 20 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Comparisons between groups were performed by t-test or x2 test.Results At week 12,ACR20,ACR50and ACR70 responses in RA patients with rhCTLA-4Ig were achieved by 95％(20/21 ),76％( 16/21 )and 19％(4/21) respectively,but no patient with placebo achieved ACR20,ACRS0 and ACR70 responses.There were significantly statistical differences in ACR20 and ACR50 responses (x2=39.17,26.69,P＜0.01 ).At week 12,the mean DAS28 in the rhCTLA4Ig group was 3.1±1.3 versus 6.2±1.1 at baseline (P＜0.01).Similarly,health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) improved significantly,declining from 1.4±0.5 at baseline to 0.4±0.5 at week 12 (P＜0.01).However,the mean DAS28 in the placebo group was 5.8±1.2 versus 6.0±0.7 at baseline (P＞0.05),HAQ declined from 1.6±0.4 to 1.6±0.6 (P＞0.05).In addition,there were higher levels of TNF-α and CX3CL1 in the active RA patients than those of the healthy controls (P＜0.01).After 12 weeks therapy,Serum TNF-α and CX3CL1 levels in the rhCTLA-4Ig group decreased significantly (P＜0.01).There weren't decline in the placebo group (P＞0.05).Conclusion This study has shown that rhCTLA-4Ig is very effective in reducing disease activity,improving function during the 12 weeks treatment.rhCTLA-4Ig therapy for 12 weeks can lead to significant decrease of serum TNF-α and CX3CL1.