To observe the effect of intracarotid administration of adrenomedullin (AM) on the spontaneous electrical activity of area postrema (AP) neurons, 78 spontaneous active units were recorded from 63 sino-aortic denervated Sprague-Dawley rats using extracellular recording technique. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Following intracarotid administration of AM (0.3 nmol/kg), the discharge rate of 47 out of 78 units increased markedly from 2.99+/-0.24 to 4.79+/-0.29 spikes/s (P<0.001), 20 units decreased from 3.24+/-0.46 to 1.97+/-0.37 spikes/s (P<0.001), and the remaining 11 showed no response. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) did not change throughout the experimentation. (2) Pretreatment with intracarotid administration of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 (3 nmol/kg) did not change the effects of AM. (3) Following intracarotid injection of NO precursor L-arginine (30 mg/kg), the excitatory effect of AM was attenuated. The above results indicate that AM can excite spontaneous electrical activity of AP neurons, this effect is not mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor but may be attenuated by NO precursor L-arginine.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Adrenomedullin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; innervation ; physiology ; surgery ; Area Postrema ; physiology ; Carotid Sinus ; innervation ; physiology ; surgery ; Denervation ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In this paper, an analysis was made on the varieties and standards of labiatae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine. The results showed 71 species of labiatae plants in 21 genera (including varieties) recorded in relevant literatures, involving 44 varieties of medicinal materials. Specifically, seven species (9.9%) were intersected with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), 19 varieties (43%) were recorded in Chinese medicinal material standards at all levels, and 27 species (38%) were source plants. In Tibetan medicine standards and literatures, there are great differences between Tibetan names and translated Chinese names and among varieties of source plants. Apart from a few of varieties intersected with traditional Chinese medicines had complete standards and regulations in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, most of species only had characters, microscopic, physical and chemical identifications in Standards Issued by Ministry of Health-Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Standard and local standards. Therefore, the Tibetan medicinal material variety-source specification and quality standard system shall be promoted on the basis of literatures research, investigations for resources and current applications and modern pharmaceutical studies.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; standards ; Phytotherapy ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification

Child ; Epiphyses ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Lower Extremity

This paper is in order to discussion with the composition and characteristics of Tibetan medicine plant resources, and promote the reasonable protection and utilization of the resources of Tibetan materia medica. Statistical analysis of species, distributions, and others of Chinese endemic seed plant from Tibetan medicine plants and usually used in the clinic of Tibetan medicine. The results showed that there are 523 species (25%) of Chinese endemic seed plant, belonging to 65 families and 162 genera, in about 2 000 varieties of Tibetan medicine plants recorded in relevant literatures. There are 180 Chinese endemic seed plant species (28%) belonging to 42 families and 72 genera from 625 medicine plants usually used in the clinic of Tibetan medicine. Specifically, the most of these Chinese endemic seed plant species are characteristic crude drug used in Tibetan medicine, and mainly or only distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. And a few species of them were intersected with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and other ethnic medicines. In addition, about 10% are listed in China Species Red List. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most abundant areas of Areal-types of the Chinese endemic seed plant. This is the biological and ecological reason formation the characteristics of Tibetan medicine plant resources. Therefore, strengthen the research of Chinese endemic seed plants used in Tibetan medicine is great significance for the reasonable protection and utilization of Tibetan medicine plant resources.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Seeds ; chemistry ; classification ; Tibet

The fermentative H2-producing strain Clostridium sp. H-61 was isolated from anaerobic sludge,was used as an original strain which was induced by NTG and UV for increasing and the hydrogen production ability. One of the highest efficient H2-producing mutants was named as HCM-23 with its stable hydrogen production ability. which was measured in the batch culture experiments. With the condition of 10 g/L glucose,its cumulative hydrogen yield and hydrogen production rate was 3024 mL/L and 33.19 mmol H2/g DW?h,69.89% and 68.14% higher than that of the original strain,respectively. The terminal liquid product compositions showed that the mutant HCM-23 fermentation was ethanol type,while the original strain H-61 fermentation was butyric acid type. Varieties of parameters of hydrogen production fermentation studied,including time,carbon source,nitrogen source,glucose concentration,glucose utilization,initial pH and incubation temperature had been studied,indicated the optimum condition of hydrogen production for the mutantHCM-23 as initial pH 6.5,temperature 36 ℃,and the favorite substrate was sucrose. The hydrogen production characters of the mutant and the original strain were different,such as,the growth lag phase and the utilization of inorganic nitrogen source,etc. This work shows a good application potential of NTG-UV combined mutation in the biohydrogen production. And the hydrogen production mechanism and metabolic pathway should be explored furthermore.

The effects of local injection of genistein on femoral, renal, and mesenteric vascular beds were investigated respectively by constant flow perfusion method in 72 anaesthetized rats. The results are as follows: (1) genistein (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 mg/kg) decreased the perfusion pressure (PP) of femoral vascular bed in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of genistein (0.8 mg/kg) was partially inhibited by L-NAME, or by sodium orthovanadate (50 microg/kg), a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase; (2) genistein also decreased the PP of renal vascular bed in a dose-dependent manner and the effect of genistein was completely inhibited by pretreatment with sodium orthovanadate, but unaffected by L-NAME; and (3) genistein decreased the PP of mesenteric vascular bed in a dose-dependent manner, an effect which was partially inhibited by sodium orthovanadate, but unaffected by L-NAME. From the results obtained, it is concluded that genistein can decrease the vascular tone in the femoral, renal, and mesenteric vascular beds with the underlying mechanism that involves tyrosine kinase inhibition, while in femoral arterial beds, it also involves NO release.
Animals ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Hindlimb ; blood supply ; Kidney ; blood supply ; Male ; Mesentery ; blood supply ; Perfusion ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

BACKGROUND: At present, the using of self-ligating brackets is more and more extensive. But it is unclear about the rules and mechanisms underlying the tooth control by double wires in three dimensions, especially in tipping.OBJECTIVE: Using the finite element method to establish different three-dimensional finite models of DamonQ brackets and archwires with different sizes, and then to explore the tip mechanical properties when using double wire technique. METHODS: Different three-dimensional finite models of DamonQ brackets and archwires with different sizes were established by Pro/E Wildfire5.0. The models were assembled and imported to MSC.Marc.Mentat2005R3 followed by simulating the tip load, calculating torque moment and drawing the corresponding graph and histogram. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With tipping movement of single wire, tipping moment of auxiliary single archwires was multiplied by the same size as main archwires. (2) With tipping movement of double wires, the tip moment value increased when the size of the main or auxiliary archwire increased, and the influence of the size of the auxiliary archwire was greater than that of the main archwire. (3) When the tilt angle is large, we can simply level the tooth using the main archwire first, and then precisely adjust the tooth position with double wires. And in the clinical pratice, orthodontists can choose the appropriate size of double wires according to their needs.

OBJECTIVETo explore the implication of the dynamic changes of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and Tei index of left ventricle (LV) in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) treated by transcatheter closure.

METHODSSixty children with VSD treated by transcatheter closure with VSD occluder (Group VSD) and 30 healthy children (Group C) were included in this study. The plasma concentration of NT-proBNP, Tei index of LV and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured in Group C and at before, 5th minute, 4th hour, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after VSD closure in Group VSD.

RESULTS(1) The concentration of plasma NT-proBNP was significantly increased in children with VSD before transcatheter closure compared with Group C [(229.45 ± 57.75) ng/L vs. (99.21 ± 46.86) ng/L, P < 0.01], significantly increased at 5th minute and 24th hour after transcatheter closure [(356.27 ± 96.78) ng/L and (356.38 ± 91.95) ng/L vs. (229.45 ± 57.75) ng/L, all P < 0.01], and significantly decreased at 1st month, 3rd months and 6th months after transcatheter closure [(131.33 ± 34.79) ng/L, (96.56 ± 31.55) ng/L and (93.39 ± 29.46) ng/L vs. (229.45 ± 57.75) ng/L, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. (2) The Tei indexes of LV in Group VSD before transcatheter closure were significantly higher than in Group C (0.45 ± 0.05 vs. 0.33 ± 0.08, P < 0.01) and Tei index was significantly increased at 24th hour, 1st month after transcatheter closure (P < 0.01) while significantly decreased at 3rd and 6th month compared with those before transcatheter closure (0.34 ± 0.07 and 0.34 ± 0.06 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05, all P < 0.01). (3) There is a positive correlation between the changes of the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP and the change of Tei index of LV before and after transcatheter closure (r = 0.653, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTei index of LV and NT-proBNP can monitor cardiac function changes in children with VSD before and after transcatheter closure.

Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Heart Ventricles ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the digestive system manifestations in children infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus.

METHODSA prospective study of 153 children infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from November 2009 to January 2010 was conducted. The clinical features and outcomes of 69 children with digestive system manifestations were analyzed.

RESULTSThe children presenting with digestive system manifestations accounted for 45% (69 cases) in the 153 hospitalized children with novel influenza A (H1N1) infection. Gastrointestinal manifestations were observed in 50 cases (33%) and liver function abnormality in 19 cases (12%). The incidence rate of coma, neurological complications, increase in creative kinase level, ICU admission, and death in the patients with digestive system manifestations were significantly higher than those without digestive system manifestations (P<0.05). In the 69 patients with digestive system manifestations, 5 died from severe complications and 64 recovered fully. Gastrointestinal manifestations disappeared through 1 to 3 days and abnormal liver function recovered through 4 to 7 days.

CONCLUSIONSDigestive system manifestations are common in children infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. Neurological system involvements are more common in the patients with digestive system manifestations than those without.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Digestive System Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; Male ; Prospective Studies

To decrease the hemolysis side effect of puerarin, the basic formula and preparation of puerarin submicron emulsion were optimized and the physicochemical properties were evaluated. Puerarin submicron emulsions were prepared by phase inversion-ultrasound combining with phospholipids complexes technology. The effects of preparative parameters, such as emulsification time, stirring velocity and ultrasound time, on mean diameter, span of dispersity, entrapment efficiency and overall desirability were investigated. The three dimensional response surface graphs were produced by second-order polynomial and liner equation, which predict the optimal experiment conditions. All response variables were found to be greatly dependent on three independent variables. Second-order polynomial equations were fitter than liner equations for this study. The optimal emulsification time, stirring velocity and ultrasound time was 15 min, 2 000 r x min(-1), 30 min, respectively. The mean diameter, span of dispersity, entrapment efficiency, drug content and zeta potential of emulsions prepared by the method were 228.23 nm, 0.628 4, 84. 32%, 9.98 mg x mL(-1), - 29.03 mV, respectively. Puerarin submicron emulsion was prepared by the optimized preparation method. The narrow particle diameter distribution, high envelopment efficacy and good stability were obtained. The physicochemical properties were suitable for the requirement of the intravenous emulsion.
Emulsions ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Particle Size