Objective To observe the changes in the pathological diagnosis rate of Graves'disease(GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)in the past 28 years and to probe its relationship to the environmental factors. Methods Statistic analysis was performed on data of thyroid disease,GD,HT and the complications of HT in Department of Pathology(1978-2005)in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University with Run test,Cox-stuart test,ANOVA,t or t'test and Chi-square test.Results In 28 years there were 243 403 biopsies(average 8 693/ year)including 6 771 cases of thyroid disease(27.8‰),216 cases of GD(0.89‰),352 cases of HT (1.45‰).The biopsy rate of thyroid disease and GD showed a descending tendency since 1982 but an ascending tendency from 1995,furthermore,with GD it showed a descending tendency from 2001 to 2005 once more.While the biopsy rate of HT and GD+HT showed a descending tendency from 1986 and an ascending tendency after 1996,being 1-4 years later than thyroid disease and GD.The biopsy rate of GD+HT and the proportion of HT showed a descending tendency in 2002-2005 and 2003-2005 respecitvely.The average age of total and female patients with GD showed a descending tendency from 1997.The average age of GD was 13.7 years younger than HT,the patients of GDⅠ-type andⅡ-type being younger thanⅢ-type.The average age of lymphoid type(L), oxyphilie epithelium type(O),pronounced epithelium destruction type(P)in HT increased sequentially.In 28 years,there were more female patients with GD and HT,especially with HT.There existed 7.95% hyperthyroidism,6.25% nodular goiter,2.27% carcinoma in HT(more in L-type)and 2.56% hypothyroidism in HT(more in P-type).Conclusion Within 28 years,according to the pathological diagnosis rate,GD,HT,and GD+HT showed phasic tendencies related to drinking low iodine water and the implement of universal salt iodization policies in 1994 and 2000.Therefore,on the levels of genetics and environment,the factors that influence autoimmunity of thyroid gland could not exclude the variations of iodine intake,infection,affection or emotional stress.The mechanism of the changes in the pathological diagnosis rate needs further study.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical value of the neonatal hearing combined with deafness gene screening.METHODSFrom February 2014 to August 2015, 1933 newborns were included in the study. We analyzed the effects of combined screening of hearing and deafness gene.RESULTSAmong all the 1933 neonates, 71.34% (1379/1933) passed and 28.66% (554/1933) failed the initial hearing screening.The hearing impairment rate was 4.14‰ (8/1933). Genetic screening mutation rate was counted. GJB2 mutation rate was 28.97‰ (56/1933). SLC26A4 mutation rate was 13.97‰ (27/1933). GJB3 mutation rate was 6.21‰ (12/1933). Mitochondrial 12 S rRNA gene mutation rate was 1.03‰ (2/1933). 1 case of 235 delc homozygous mutation did not pass the initial hearing screening and lost to follow-up rescreening. 2 cases of 12 S rRNA 1555A>G homogeneous mutations passed early hearing screening. 8 cases of auditory handicaps were all normal.CONCLUSIONDeafness gene screening can make up for the deficiencies of the universal newborn hearing screening. Joint use of both of them should complement each other and play the biggest role.

According to the theory of in vitro radioassay, using TSHAb as binder and 125I-staphylococcal protein A (125I-SPA) as tracer agent, a new method for detecting the abnormal immunoglobulin (aIgG) in the sera of patients with Graves disease (GD) was reported. In the initial study of the method, the most appropriate interacting conditions of TSHAb with aIgG were explored and compared with ELISA using ganglioside (GLS) as a binder. The relationship between aIgG and thyroid-stimulating imunoglobulin(TSI) was probed into. The results showed that TSHAb could interact specifically with aIgG in vitro; but it could not interact with IgG from sera of normal subjects, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) patients and diabetic patients. With aIgG as an evaluating index, the mean value in 29 normal subjects was 1. 06?0. 17. When the sera of 72 patients with GD in different clinical stages were studied, the aIgG index was positive in 83% of untreated GD patients (n = 24), in 12% of GD patients in clinical remission (n = 25) and in 82% of relapsed GD patients (n = 23). Very significant difference was observed between normal subjets and untreated and relapsed patients with GD (P

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common clinical disease that seriously threatens human health and life. Accurate location of the upper airway obstruction is the key to the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS. Acoustic pharyngometry uses sound reflection to quickly assess the cross-sectional area and volume of the upper airway. Acoustic pharyngometry represents a simple, quick, non-invasive method for measuring upper airway dimensions which could predict sleep apnea risk. In this article we sought to introduce the application of acoustic pharyngometry in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS.
Acoustics ; Humans ; Larynx ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Syndrome

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlationship between clinical and histopathological results of adrenocortical hyperplasia,adenoma and adenocarcinoma in the adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular and reticular zones. MethodsA total number of 167 702 surgical specimens were collected by the Department of pathology at the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 1993 -2008.Of these,there were 631 adrenocortical specimens.Statistic analysis was done with Run test,t or t'test and x2 test on data in the aspects of proportion rate,mean age,sex proportion and relationship between clinical and pathological results of adrenocortical diseases.ResultsThe total number of adrenal diseases and adrenocortical diseases were 910 cases (0.54％) and 631 cases (0.38％),respectively.The number of adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular,reticular diseases were 310 cases (49.13％),319 cases (50.55％) and 2 cases (0.32％),respectively.The rate of adrenal diseases and adrenocortical diseases specimens did not change during the 16 year study period.The trend in proportion of hyperplasia,adenoma,adenocarcinoma in adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular and reticular zones did not change as well.The proportion pattern showed that there were more cases of adenoma than of hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma.The functional diseases of adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular and reticular zone (90.97％,79.00％,100.00％ ) were higher than nonfunctional diseases in the corresponding zones (9.03％,21.00％,0％ ) and both were higher in female patients.The mean age of nonfunctional patients with adenoma,glomerular zone adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia,adenoma of fascicular zone was higher than that in functional diseases.Interestingly,the mean age of glomerular zone adenocarcinoma patients (62.7 yrs) was higher than that in hyperplasia patients (47.8 yrs) and in adenoma patients (44.8 yrs).The mean and male diagnostic ages of adenocarcinoma of fascicular (44.3 yrs,50.0 yra) were higher than that in adenoma (44.0 yrs,49.1 yrs) and hyperplasia (41.5 yrs,40.9 yrs) respectively.But the female mean diagnostic age of fascicular adenocarcinoma (38.7 yrs) was lower than that in adenoma (42.4 yrs) and hyperplasia (41.9 yrs) respectively and the lowest average age was for nonfunctional adenocarcinoma (34.4 yrs).The diameters of the functional and nonfunctional adenocarcinoma were large (4.3 cm and 4.0 cm in glomerular zone,7.1 cm and 8.0 cm in fascicular zone).The carcinoma cells were in serious atyrpia,haemorrhage,necrosis and capsular or vascular infiltration.The rates of functional hyperplasia,adenoma with hypertension in Conn,Cushing or adrenogenital syndrome of adrenocortical glomerular,fascicular,reticular zone were higher than that without hypertension,but their tumor diameters were similar.The diameters of functional adenoma in glomerular or fascicularer ( 1.7 cm,2.3 cm ) were lower than that of nonfunctional adenoma (2.3 cm,2.4 cm ) and the diameters of glomerular tumors were smaller than that of fascicular tumors.Nonfunctional adenoma ( 2.5 cm,2.0 cm ) of glomerular or fascicular by check up finding were bigger than that of non-endocrine adenoma ( 2.5 cm,2.3cm).There were seven cases with adrenogenital syndrome (2 male cases,5 female cases ),among these,there were 4 fascicularer adenoma cases,1 adenocarcinoma case,1 network hyperplasia case and 1 adenoma case.ConclusionsGenetic abnormality plays an important role in pathogenesis of adrenocortical disease and environment had less influence.Radiological examinations (CT and MRI) of adrenocortical diseases are the first choice and have important roles in evaluating tumor characteristics.There is close relationship between clinical manifestation and pathology.However,the exact diagnosis of definite type of disease and nature of tumor needs to be made by pathologic examination.

Coprinus comatus cultivated on cotton seed hull medium decomposed lignocellulose straggly and was high of absolute biological efficiency. Lignocellulose is the main carbon source for the fruiting stage of the fungus. There existed the positive correlation between the degradation rates of the cellulose and hemicellulose in the medium and the activities of extracellular CMCase (carboxymenthelcel lulase), FPase (filter paper cellulase) and HCase (hemicellu-lase), there also existed the positive correlation between the degradation rate of the lignin in the medium and the activity of extracellular laccase, but no correlation between the degradatio rate of the lignin in the medium and the activity of peroxidase. The activity of extracellular amylase was comparatively high at mycelial growth stage, and the protease activity peek was at teh time when the fruitbody matured.

BacKground:Acetic acid spray combined with narrow-band imaging ( NBI ) endoscopy can improve the earIy diagnosis of coIorectaI cancer and precancerous Iesions. Aims:To assess the vaIue of acetic acid spray combined with NBI in diagnosis of earIy coIorectaI cancer and precancerous Iesions. Methods:A totaI of 236 coIorectaI cancer and precancerous Iesions in 180 patients detected by screening endoscopy from Nov. 2011 to JuIy 2013 were enroIIed in this study. Acetic acid spray combined with NBI( combination group),singIe NBI,and indigo carmine staining were used to observe pit pattern,bIood capiIIary forms of the Iesion and mucosa whitening time,and vaIues of the three methods in diagnosis of earIy coIorectaI cancer and precancerous Iesions were evaIuated. Results:Image cIarity of pit pattern in combination group was significantIy improved than that in NBI group and indigo carmine group(χ2 =15. 113,P=0. 000;χ2 =6. 128,P=0. 013);image cIarity of bIood capiIIary forms in combination group was significantIy improved than that in NBI group(χ2 =7. 384,P =0. 007). The overaII coincidence rates of diagnosis in combination group,NBI group, indigo carmine group were 91. 9%,89. 0%,86. 9%,respectiveIy. The diagnosis rate of pit pattern in combination group was significantIy higher than that in NBI group(χ2 =4. 490,P=0. 034),but no significant difference in bIood capiIIary forms was found between combination group and NBI group. The sensitivity of type Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ pit pattern,type Ⅱ,ⅢbIood capiIIary forms,mucosa whitening time <30 seconds for diagnosis of coIorectaI cancer and precancerous Iesions in combination group were 94. 0%,92. 8%,92. 2%,respectiveIy,the specificity were 87. 4%,88. 1%,88. 0%, respectiveIy,and the accuracy were 91. 5%,91. 1%,90. 7%,respectiveIy. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of type ⅤN or highIy irreguIar ⅤI pit pattern,type ⅢB bIood capiIIary forms and mucosa whitening time 0-5 seconds for predicting invasive carcinoma in combination group were aII quite weII. Conclusions:Acetic acid spray combined with NBI can cIearIy show the pit pattern and bIood capiIIary forms of earIy coIorectaI cancer and precancerous Iesions,and is fairIy consistent with the pathoIogicaI diagnosis. It is heIpfuI for diagnosing the nature of Iesion and depth of invasion.

AIM: (1) To investigate the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on rabbit conjunctival surface reconstruction with severe alkali burns. (2) To evaluate the possibility of AMT treatment for ocular alkali burns during recovering stage.METHODS: Animal models were established on 30 eyes of rabbits by creating severe alkali burns on the conjunctiva from the upper corneal limbus to the upper conjunctival fornix.Preserved human amniotic membrane transplantations and reconstruction of conjunctival fornix were performed at one week after injury (recovering stage). Epithelium growth of burned area after transplantation was observed using light microscope at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks. Conjunctival tissue in transplantation area was collected at 1, 4 and 8 weeks. The ultrastructure of the collected tissue was studied by electron microscope. The results were compared with control group,which received only vitamin C subconjunctival injection and antibiotic eye drops as treatment for alkali burn. Exterior eye pictures were also taken at the end of the observation, the width from upper corneal limbus to the edge of upper fornix was measured. Data was analyzed statistically.RESULTS: 1) Tn the transplant group, conjunctival epithelium growth was observed in the area of AMT under both light and electron microscope 1 week after surgery. At 4weeks, conjunctival epithelium with goblet cells that resembled normal conjunctival tissues was observed in the whole amniotic membrane area. At 12 weeks, the conjunctival epithelium on the amniotic membrane was well formed, and the connective tissue under the epithelium was loose at the fornix. No fibrosis was identified. In contrast, conjunctival epithelium necrosis was observed in the control group at 2weeks after alkali burns. Re-epithelization did not occur through the 12-week observation. Severe fibrosis with inflammatory cells infiltration was observed between 4 to 8weeks. At 12 weeks, fibrosis of the connective tissue at the fornix developed and there were no conjunctival epithelium covering the burned area. 2) In the transplant group, the conjunctiva in transplanted area had no scarring and appeared smooth at 12 weeks. Upper fornix was reconstructed. The depth of fornix was 7.9±0.3mm (7.6-8.2mm), which was approximate to the normal depth 8.2±0.2mm (8.0-8.4 mm,P＞.05). While in the control group, the burned area appeared rough with granuloma formation and severe scarring. Upper fornix became shallow. The depth of fornix was 3.1±1.7mm(1.0 to 4.5mm.), and significant difference was found between control and transplant group (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Human amniotic membrane preserved in glycerin can promote cell adhering, migrating and differentiating of normal conjunctival epithelium.Reconstruction of conjunctival surface in early stage of alkali burn can be achieved by AMT. AMT can effectively prevent symblepharon formation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) in China.

METHODSA total of 161 patients diagnosed as IPAH in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from June 2008 to June 2010 were retrospective analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean diagnostic age was (33 ± 15) years old and 70.2% patients were female. The median duration from symptoms onset to diagnostic right heart catheterization was 12 months. Incidence of NYHA class III to IV was 56.5% at diagnosis and the mean six minutes walk distance was limited to (398 ± 108) meters. Incidence of mild obstructive, restrictive and diffusing impairment in pulmonary function test was 7.8%, 42.2% and 82.2% patients with IPAH, respectively. Right heart catheterization demonstrated severe elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure [(63 ± 17) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa)] and pulmonary vascular resistance index [(25 ± 12) Wood U/m(2)] in this patient cohort. The response rate of acute pulmonary vasoreactivity testing was 8.7% in this cohort. Compared with non-responders, responders to acute pulmonary vasoreactivity testing were younger and with less severe pulmonary hypertension. Among non-responders, 89% patients were treated by one specific anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension drug and 27% patients received combined anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension medications.

CONCLUSIONSYoung female was predominantly involved in patients with IPAH in China. The diagnosis of IPAH is often made at advanced disease stage and majority patients with IPAH received specific anti-pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies in this patient cohort.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of Xinqin tablets on guinea-pig nasal hypersensitivity.

METHOD2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) was selected as antigen and used in nose to establish guinea-pig allergic rhinitis. The effects of Xinqin tablets on symptoms of nasal hypersensitivity in guinea-pigs, histamine content of nasal mucosa and activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were examined.

RESULTXinqin tablets could significantly relieve the pathological symptoms of nasal hypersensitivity in guinea-pig, reduce histamine content of nasal mucosa and inhibit the activity of nitric oxide synthase.

CONCLUSIONXinqin tablets have significant effect on nasal hypersensitivity, and prevent the occurrence of allergic rhinitis.

Animals ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate