Objective To learn the damage on infants and effect of treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection and non-congenital cytomegalovirus infection which included perinatal infection and postnatal infection.Methods According to the diagnosis standard of cytomegalovirus infection in China,46 infants diagnosed CMV infection were retrospectively reviewed.In this research,CMV infection was diagnosed if serum CMV-IgM or CMV-pp65 in polymorphous leukocytes was positive.According to beginning time of CMV infection symptom,46 cases were divided into 2 groups: congenital infection and non-congenital infection,clinical features of 2 groups were compared.Ganciclovir was given to the infants with infantile hepatic syndrome of 2 groups,and compared liver transaminases and bilirulin with itself after treatment,side-effect was observed.Infants of 2 groups were followed up,and prognosis was compared.Results In 46 infants,21 were enrolled congenital infection group,25 were non-congenital infection group.CMV-IgM was positive in 38 cases of 46 patients,CMV-pp65 was positive in 19 cases of 43 patients,both CMVIgM and CMV-pp65 were positive in 11 cases.More congenital malformation were found in congenital group than non-congenital group,there was significant difference between 2 groups((P

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical related T-cell undepleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (Allo-BMT) combined with Chinese medicine for the treatment of leukaemia.

METHODSFour patients with chronic myeloblastic leukemia (CML) and 4 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) received allo-BMT with graft from 1 - 3 HLA-mismatched related donors. All patients were pre-treated with standardized conditioning regimen consisting of high dose Ara-c, cyclophosphamide (CY) and total body irradiation (TBI) or busulfan. Donors were given G-CSF 250 microg/d for 7 days prior to marrow harvest. To prevent GVHD, besides application of CSA and MTX, ATG 2.5 mg/kg was given everyday for 4 days before transplantation, and MMF 1.0 g per day starting from the 7th day after transplantation. Chinese medicine for replenishing qi and yin and strengthening Pi and Wei was administrated orally after transplantation.

RESULTSSuccessful haematopoietic reconstruction was seen in all patients. The median days for reaching of granulocyte >0.5 X 10(9)/L and platelet > 20 x 10(9)/L were 12 (range 10-14) and 20 (range 18-25) days respectively. GVHD of skin in various grade was seen in 7 patients, among whom only one advanced to grade IV; besides, 2 accompanied with GVHD of gut, one with hemorrhagic cystitis, one died for concurrent infection on the 81st day, and one left hospital of his own accord on the 46th day. The median follow-up duration was 18 (range 2-32) months, during this period six patients were alive in a disease-free situation.

CONCLUSIONCombined therapy of HLA haploidentical related T-cell undepleted Allo-BMT and Chinese medicine plus immunosuppressants with pre-harvest G-CSF application in doner could effectively reduce the incidence of acute severe GVHD and raise the disease-free survival rate in treating leukaemia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Haplotypes ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of perindopril for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in rabbits.

METHODSA total of 45 male New Zealand white rabbits (10 months old, weight 3.0 to 3.5 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups involving normal control group (muscle injection of saline solution, n = 15, group NC), model group (muscle injection of dexamethasone, n = 15, group GIOP), and treatment group (muscle injection of dexamethasone combined with oral perindopril, n = 15, group GIOP+ACEI). All rabbits put to death after 12 weeks' treatment. The changes of bone mass and strength were observed and analyzed by bone histomorphology, biomechanics, metabolic bone related serological indexes and mRNA expression.

RESULTSAt 12 weeks, the analysis of bone histomorphology and biomechanics results showed that the bone mass and bone strength of group GIOP were significantly lower than that of group NC (P < 0.05); after perindopril treatment, the bone mass and bone strength of group GIOP+ACEI were higher obviously than that of group GIOP (P < 0.05). Mineralizing surface,mineral apposition rate and serum osteocalcin in group GIOP decreased than group NC; however, osteoclast number, osteoclast surface, eroded surface, and urinary deoxypyridinoline in group GIOP increased than group NC (P < 0.05); these changes were inhibited after perindopril treatment (P < 0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that after dexamethasone treatment, the ratio of SOST mRNS expression and RANKL/OPG mRNA expression obviously increased than that of group NC (P < 0.05); and Runx2 expression decreased significantly (P < 0.05); while the changes of mRNA expression were improved by perindopril treatment.

CONCLUSIONPerindopril can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption to deduce glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. This study provides a new method for prevention and treatment of GIOP.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Glucocorticoids ; adverse effects ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Perindopril ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the diameter of the esophageal hiatus on multislice spiral CT(MSCT)and to present the MSCT manifestations of esophageal hiatus hernia (EHH).Methods(1)The distance between diaphragmatic crura(DDC),which indicated the diameter of esophageal hiatus,was measured in 140 normal adult patients on their thoracic and/or abdomenal CT images.(2)The DDC of 56 patients with EHH diagnosed by barium examination was measured on MSCT, and the MSCT findings were analyzed retrospectively.Results(1)The DDC of 140 normal adult cases were(13.44?4.41)mm on average and increased with age.The mean DDCs of patients under the age of 59 year-old(80 cases)and over 60-year-old(60 cases)were 11.03?2.10 mm and 16.67?4.64 mm respective]y,there was a significant difference(t=8.762,P

Objective To evaluate the value of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing intrauterine adhesions.Methods Transvaginal ultrasound was performed in 136 patients with suspicious intrauterine adhesions and compared with hysteroscopy correspondingly .The ultrasonographic features of intrauterine adhesions on transvaginal ultrasound were summarized .Results One hundred and twenty one cases (89.0%, 121/136 ) of intrauterine adhesions were verified by hysteroscopy .The hysteroscopic findings included:(1) Forty seven cases(38.9%,47/121) were minimal intrauterine adhesions , 46 cases(38.0%, 46/121) were moderate intrauterine adhesions , and 28 cases (23.1%,28/121) were severe intrauterine adhesions.(2) Sixty one cases(50.4%,61/121) were central intrauterine adhesions , 24 cases(19.8%, 24/121) were marginal intrauterine adhesions , and 36 cases (29.8%, 36/121) were mixed type of intrauterine adhesions.The transvaginal ultrasound findings included:(1)Nineteen cases(40.4%,19/47) were minimal intrauterine adhesions ,33 cases(71.7%,33/46)were moderate intrauterine adhesions ,and 23 cases(82.1%,23/28) were severe intrauterine adhesions .(2) Thirty nine cases (63.9%,39/61) were central intrauterine adhesions ,9 cases(37.5%,9/24) were marginal intrauterine adhesions ,and 27 cases (75.0%, 27/36 ) were mixed type of intrauterine adhesions .By transvaginal ultrasound, seventy-five (62.0%,75/121) cases of intrauterine adhesions were correctly diagnosed , whereas 46 cases (38.0%, 46/121) were missed.And 3 cases ( 3.8%, 3/78 ) were misdiagnosed as intrauterine adhesions on transvaginal ultrasound,including one endometrial polyp ,one thin endometrium and one septate uterus .The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing intrauterine adhesions were 62.0%(75/121), 80.0%(12/15) and 64.0%(87/136) respectively.There were significant statistical differences in diagnosing different degrees of intrauterine adhesions ( χ2 =15.956,P=0.000) and different parts of intrauterine adhesions( χ2 =8.792,P=0.012) by transvaginal ultrasound.Conclusions Transvaginal ultrasound is an effective, easy to perform and noninvasive technique in screening and diagnosing intrauterine adhesions.Transvaginal ultrasound is an effective way in diagnosing intrauterine adhesions showing a noninvasive and simpler way than hysteroscopy .Transvaginal ultrasound is of great value in screening and diagnosing intrauterine adhesions .

Objective To investigate the relationship between alteration of gene in cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) signal transduction system in rats after myocardial damage and changes of cardiac function and ventricular remodeling. Methods Twenty eight male Wistar rats weighing 220 g to 250 g were randomly divided into three groups: acute myocardial damage group(AMD, n = 10), chronic myocardial damage group (CMD,n = 9 ) and sham-operation group (control, n = 9). Animal model of acute myocardial damage was established by ligation of rats left coronary artery in the AMD and the CMD groups. Rats in control group were treated similarly, except that the coronary suture was not tied. Hemodynamics and echocardiography were measured before rats were sacrificed 24 hours after operation in control and AMD groups but those in CMD groups were sacrificed 8 weeks later. Cadiocyte apoptosis were estimated by TUNEL method, cAMP levels in heart were tested by radioimmunity and the mRNA expressions for inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and bcl-2 were assayed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The difference of left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP), maximal rising and falling rate of ventricular pressure,left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), eject fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) were statistically significant among the three groups(F = 285.9, 196.8, 83.2, 80.4, 54.9, 196.6, 95.2, all P ＜ 0.01). LVEDD[(7.03 ±0.28), (8.20 ± 0.27)mm] and LVEDP[(11.19 ± 2.89), (19.76 ± 3.34)mmHg] in AMD and CMD groups were significantly increased, compared with those in control group[ (5.05 ± 0.30)mm, (- 5.62 ± 3.01 )mmHg, all P ＜0.01 ]. While maximal rising rate[ (2964 ± 449), (2214 ± 434)mmHg/s] and falling rate[(- 2617 ± 441),(- 1891± 424)mmHg/s] of left ventricular pressure, LVSP[ (94.19 ± 4.03), (85.85 ± 6.39)mmHg], EF[ (41.6 ±5.9)%, (35.9 ± 4.1 )%] and FS[ (36.9 ± 4.6)%, (23.1 ± 4.9)%] of left ventricular in the two groups were lower than those in control[(4759 ± 406)mmHg/s, (- 4327 ± 388)mmHg/s, (116.29 ± 8.25)mmHg, (80.9 ± 5.6)%,(53.1 ± 4.3)%, all P ＜ 0.01 ]. These changes in CMD group were more significant than those in AMD groups(P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). The difference of apoptotic index, cAMP and expression of ICER, CREB, PDE3A mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA were statistically significant among the three groups(F= 172.5, 141.0, 540.8, 246.8, 165.1, 563.9,all P＜ 0.01 ). Apoptotic index[ (32.8 ± 4.2)‰, (18.4 ± 3.9)‰] and cAMP in heart[ (9.95 ± 0.30), (5.60 ± 0.25)nmol/kg] in AMD and CMD groups were increased compared to control group[ (3.9 ± 1.7)‰, (2.48 ± 0.29)nmol/kg,all P ＜ 0.01 ], and those in CMD group were lower than in AMD group(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Expression of ICER mRNA (1.434 ± 0.093, 0.942 ± 0.076) and CREB mRNA(5.70 ± 0.50, 2.64 ± 0.51) in AMD and CMD groups were higher, and expression of PDE3A mRNA(48.98 ± 8.14, 16.68 ± 8.46) were lower than those in control group (0.154 ± 0.063, 1.08 ± 0.35, 105.94 ± 12.61, all P ＜ 0.01 ). The three genes in CMD group were fewer than those in AMD group(all P ＜ 0.01 ). bcl-2 mRNA was up regulated in AMD group(4.55 ± 0.27) and was down regulated in CMD group(0.35 ± 0.15) compared to control(2.18 ± 0.30, all P＜ 0.01). Conclusions There is PDE3A-ICER positive-feedback loop leading to myocyte apoptosis and heart failure after myocardial damage. The downregulation of PDE3A mRNA observed in chronic myocardial damage may play a causative role in the progression of ventricular remodeling and heart failure, in part, by inducing ICER mRNA and promoting cardiac myocyte dysfunction.

Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2(VEGFR-2)and its phosphorylated state in cancerous and peri-cancerous tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods Forty-three cases of second-stage surgery of HCC after TACE(TACE & surgery group)and twenty cases of surgery without TACE(direct surgery group)were performed.Surgical specimens were made into paraffin-embedded slices.VEGFR-2,phosphorylated VEGFR-2,hypoxia induced factor-1α(HIF-1α)and microvessel density(MVD,labeled by CD31)were detected using immunohistochemical method.All data was statistically processed with SPSS for Windows.Results The absorption factor(A factor)of phosphorylated VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α in the cancerous tissue of HCC were(0.034±0.016)and(0.047±0.021)in TACE & surgery group,and(0.024±0.009)and(0.035±0.016)in direct-surgery group,which showed statistically significant difference(F=6.75,4.77,P＜0.05).The A factors of VEGFR-2,phosphorylated VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α in the peri-cancerous tissue were(0.040±0.017),(0.031±0.011)and(0.037±0.015)respectively in TACE & surgery group,and(0.030±0.015),(0.020±0.008)and(0.024±0.014)respectively in direct-surgery group,all of which showed statistically significant difference(F=4.60,13.72,11.65,P＜0.05).MVD of the peri-cancerous tissue was(58.3±15.2)/HP in TACE & surgery group and(44.4±10.5)/HP in direct-surgery group,which showed statistically significant difference(χ2=13.64,P＜0.05).Conclusion The cancerous and peri-cancerous tissues in HCC after TACE showed more hypoxic changes.Both expression and function of VEGFR-2 were enhanced following TACE.

Objective To prepare recombinant human adenovirus type 3 expressing Norovirus cap-sid protein gene(Noro-orf2). Methods The cDNA for Noro-orf2 was amplifed by RT-PCR from stool of in-fantile gastroenteritis and cloned into the adenovirus shuttle vector pBSE3CMV-egfp. The vector pBSE3CMV-Nor was linearized with EeoR Ⅴ and Not Ⅰ, and transformed into E. coil BJ5183 with lined edenovirus ge-nomic DNA pLasmid pBRAdv3 by Rsr Ⅱ. The identification of recombinant adenovirus plasmid pBRAdv3E3dNor was performed by PCR, enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Then pBRAdv3E3dNor was digested with AsiS Ⅰ and transfeeted into Hep-2 cells with LipofectAMINETM 2000 to package recombi-nant adenovirus particles. Results Noro-orf2 was successfully inserted into the shuttle vector. The recombi-nant adenoviral plasmid pBRAdv3E3dNor was generated by homologous recombination in E. coil BJ5183 and confirmed by PCR and enzyme digestion. The recombinant adenovirus was successfully packaged and puri-fied. Norovirus eapsid protein gene expression was confirmed in Hep-2 cells by immunecytochemistry assay. Conclusion The recombinant type 3 adenovirus expressing Norovirus eapsid protein gene was successfully constructed. This study laid a foundation for developing vaccine against Norovirus.

OBJECTIVETo synthesize venlafaxine with an improved novel method.

METHODSp-methoxypheny lethyl-acid was reacted with SOCl(2) to produce acyl chloride which was reacted with N,N-dimethylamine solution to get amide; then through Ivanov reaction and reduction by KBH(4)/BF(3).Et(2)O to yield venlafaxine.

RESULTVenlafaxine was successfully synthesized by using this method with an yield rate of 50.3%.

CONCLUSIONThe improved method is suitable for industrial production of venlafaxine.

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation ; chemical synthesis ; Cyclohexanols ; chemical synthesis ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

OBJECTIVETo modify the synthetic method of fluvoxamine.

METHODSFluvoxamine was synthesized from 4-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile by the steps of Grignard reaction, hydrolysis and oximation.

RESULTThe chemical structure of the synthesized product was confirmed by (1)HNMR, and the total yield reached to 36.16%.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the synthetic route is practical.

Fluvoxamine ; chemical synthesis ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis