Aim To study the effect of novel AChE inhibitors, 2-phenoxy-indan-1-one derivatives (YKY-1~7), against glutamatic acid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and on learning & memory impairment in dementia model mice induced by A?25~35 icv Methods The PC12 cells were preincubated with different concentrations of YKY-1~7 for 24 h and subsequently treated by glutamatic acid, at the high concentration of 2 mmol?L-1 for 15 min to induce cytotoxicity. The cell viability was assessed with MTT method.. Dementia model mice were made by intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of aggregated A?25~35. From the next day, the model mice were administered YKY-7 (2.5, 5, 10 mg?kg-1, ig) for 10 consecutive days and sham control mice or A? model control mice received daily ig saline. After the final treatment, the passive avoidance learning was tested, regional cerebral blood flow at cerebral cortex was assessed, and the activity of AChE in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and blood serum were determined. Results Six out of the seven YKY compounds appeared to be effective against glutamatic acid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, with YKY-7 demonstrating the most activity. YKY-7 significantly ameliorated the learning and memory ability in dementia model mice induced by A?25-35 icv, slightly and selectively inhibited the cortical and hippocampal AChE, and gently increased the blood flow at cerebral cortex. Conclusion Some of 2-phenoxy-indan-1-one derivatives reported here have protective effects against glutamatic acid induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, and improve the learning and memory impairment induced by A?25-35, which may be partly attributable to its selective inhibition of AChE activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Radius Fractures ; therapy

Volatile oil components and the contents and types of amino acid in spica of Prunella vulgaris were analysed by GC-MS and amino acid analyzer. Esters, fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone and several alcohol compounds were identified by mass spectrum comparison. In these ingredients, beta-ionone smelled aroma of cedar, raspberry, nerolidol showed weak sweet soft orange blossom flavor, neroli tasted sweet and fresh, nerolidol tasted sweet with light aroma of wood, hexadecanal showed a weak aroma of flowers and wax, alpha-sinensal had rich and fresh sweet orange flavor. To some extent, these types of aromatic substances can affect the taste of herbal tea or decoction made of Spica Prunellae. Among amino acids detected, natural amino acids accounted for a larger proportion, and those natural amino acids showed bitterness, slight bitterness, sourness (freshness), sweetness, slight sweetness, sourness (slight freshness). The results indicated that bitter and slightly bitter amino acids have the greatest impacts on the sense of Spica Prunellae.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Prunella ; chemistry ; Taste

Objective To investigate the correlation ofClaudin-1, Ki-67 and CD34 expressionsin the tumor tissue to the invasiveness, grading and proliferation of astrocytic tumors. Methods In 50cases of astrocytic tumor, the expressions of Claudin-1, IO-67 and CD34 were detectedimmunohistochemically in the tumor tissue, normal brain tissues and in the junctional area between thetumor and normal tissues. The expressions of Claudin-1, Ki-67, and CD34 were analyzed in relation tothe clinicopathoiogical characteristics of the patients. Results The expression rate of Claudin-1 was70.59% in the astrocytic tumors of histological grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ, significantly higher than that in grade Ⅲand Ⅳ tumors (9.09%, χ2=20.206, P=0.000). In grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ tumors, the positivity rates of Ki-67 inthe normal tissues, junctional area and the tumor tissue were all significantly higher those in grade Ⅲ andⅣ tumors (t=9.144, 5.958, and 6.297; P=0.000, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively). Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ tumorsdisplayed significantly greater mierovessel density (MVD) than grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ tumors in the tumor tissue(t=3.101, P=0.003) and the junctional area (t=4.139, P=0.000). In all the tumors, significantly higherKi-67 expression was seen in the tumor tissue (12.74±6.93) than in the junctional area (7.42±3.93) andthe normal tissue (3.22±1.57) (F=51.726, P=0.000), and the MVD was also greater in the tumor tissue(27.48±8.26) than in the junctional area (10.72±3.93) and normal tissue (6.48±1.45) (F=215.538, P=0.000).Conclusion Expressions of Claudin-1, Ki-67, and CD34 are closely correlated to the proliferation andinvasion of astrocytic tumors, and these cytokines may serve as important indicators for evaluating themalignancy of astrocytic tumors..

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to measure trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine in human blood with GC-MS. METHODS: The specimens were alkalized (pH > 10) and extracted with V (benzene):V(ethyl acetate) = 1:1, and qualitatively analyzed using GC-MS-Full Scan with internal standard SKF525A. The specimens were alkalized (pH > 10) and extracted with V(benzene):V(ethyl acetate) = 1:1, and quantitatively analyzed using GC-MS-SIM with internal standard diazepam-d5. RESULTS: The lowest detection limits of trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine were 0.3, 0.3 and 0.7 ng/mL (S/N > or = 3) respectively. The calibration curve in 20-10 000 ng/mL showed a good linear distribution. The recovery rate was 79.9% to 85.5%. The RSDs of intraday and interday were less than 5.1%. CONCLUSION The established method was simple, sensitive and accurate for simultaneous determination of trihexyphenidyl, chlorpromazine and clozapine in human blood, and can be applied in forensic toxicological cases.
Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents/poisoning* ; Chlorpromazine/blood* ; Clozapine/blood* ; Female ; Forensic Toxicology ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solvents/chemistry* ; Trihexyphenidyl/blood*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of early rapid virological response on the outcomes of hepatitis B associated acute on chronic liver failure during antiviral treatment.

METHODS106 acute on chronic liver failure patients in our hospital from January 2008 to July 2010 were enrolled in present study retrospectively. Besides internal medicine therapy, all patients received lamivudine (100 mg/d) or entecavir (0.5 mg/d) treatment. The profile of liver biochemistry, prothrombin time activity and viral load were detected at baseline and week 4, respectively. The patients were divided into HBV DNA negative group and HBV DNA positive group according to the viral load at week 4. The clinical features and treatment outcomes were compared between groups. Frequency variables were compared by x2 test or Fisher's exact test. Continuous variables were compared using independent samples T-test. The factors that impact on the treatment outcomes were determined using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSAt the week 4, the TBil and PTA in HBV DNA positive group [(261.6+/-205.6)mumol/L and 44.7%+/-19.7%, respectively] were significantly different from those in HBV DNA negative group [(160.1+/-173.4) mumol/L and 56.8%+/-23.1%, respectively] ( t = 2.190 and -2.077, respectively, P less than 0.05). The non-effective rate of HBVDNA positive group (50%, 9/18) was significantly higher than that of HBV DNA negative group (14.8%, 13/88) (x2 = 9.235, P less than 0.01). By using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, the disease stage and HBV DNA undetectable at week 4 were the independent factor. The OR values of disease stage and HBV DNA undetectable were 6.559 and 0.209, respectively, and 95% CI was 2.316~18.576 and 0.058~0.747, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe rapid suppression of viral load by nucleotide analogue may improve the efficacy of hepatitis B associated acute on chronic liver failure treatment. The early rapid virological response within first 4 weeks may contribute to the prediction of the treatment outcomes.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; End Stage Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effectiveness of applying comprehensive medical model in treating stroke in Chinese medicine (CM) hospitals.

METHODSTotally 236 stroke inpatients were randomly assigned to the comprehensive treatment group (as the experimental group, 121 cases) and the conventional treatment group (as the control group, 115 cases). A standard comprehensive treatment mode was applied in the experimental group. The Chinese materia medica (CMM) or acupuncture was combined during the rehabilitation treatment. Traditional basic drug treatment method was applied in the conventional treatment group. The health education for patients and their families was launched non-systematically. The mortality, the occurrence rate of complications, short-term clinical effectiveness, as well as NIHSS, Barthel index (BI), and Oxford Handicap Scale (OHS) were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSBefore treatment there was no statistical difference in NIHSS score, BI, or OHS score between the two groups (P > 0.05). On day 21 and 90 of the treatment, there was statistical difference in NIHSS score, BI, and OHS score (P < 0.01). Better results were obtained in the experimental group. On day 21 and 90 of the treatment, the total effectiveness rate was 80.99% and 88.43% in the experimental group, higher than that of the control group (61.74% and 72.17% respectively), showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The occurrence rate of common complications in the experimental group was obviously lower than that in the control group (30.58% vs 69.56%, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the mortality between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe application of the comprehensive medical model in treating stroke in CM showed better effects than using traditional basic drug treatment method. Treatment of stroke by CM showed superiorities.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Radius Fractures ; therapy ; Ulna Fractures ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anatomical study and clinical applications of sural neuron-myocutaneous flap transposition for repairing the special patients with soft tissue defect in foot and ankle.

METHODSThe branches, distributions and anastomoses of the vessels and nerves lie in superficial layer of the posterior crural region were observed on 30 sides of adult cadaver lower limb specimens perfused with red latex. Since February 2004, distally based sural neuron-myocutaneous flap was applied for repairing 7 cases of soft tissue defect in foot and ankle.

RESULTSThe nutrient vessels of sural nerve, small saphenous vein and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve anastomosed permanently with the musculocutaneous perforators of medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius. There were 2 - 3 anastomoses found respectively. The musculocutaneous perforators pierced the two heads of gastrocnemius muscle (1.8 +/- 0.5) cm medially and (3.7 +/- 0.9) cm laterally away from the groove of the muscle. The medial anastomoses more closed to the middle groove and their diameters were found larger than the lateral ones. In operation, we routinely observed the compound flap for 15 to 20 minutes and found actively errhysis on the muscle, so the fine blood circulation in the flap was demonstrated. All flap survived after operation and the cases were followed up 2 to 6 months with cured osteomyelitis and satisfied flap outline.

CONCLUSIONSDistally based sural neuro-myocutaneous flap can live. The operative method is simple. The flap offers an excellent donor site for repairing the soft tissue defect in foot and ankle in special cases.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Popliteal Artery ; anatomy & histology ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Sural Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation

OBJECTIVETo develop a gene chip for rapid detection of the "a" determinant hotpoint mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

METHODSPrimers were designed in the HBV conservative region, and probes for detecting 126A, 126S, 144A, 145R, 145E, 144A+145R, and 144A+145E mutants were developed for that gene chip. PCR amplification and gene chip technology were optimized. The performance of the gene chip was evaluated by detecting the reference plasmids. Forty five samples of serum obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis B were used to compare the sensitivity of the gene chip and the direct sequencing of PCR products.

RESULTSThe oligonucleotide microarray was specific for mutant and native plasmids. The sensitivity of the gene chip was 5 x 10(3)copies/micro l with a high reproducibility. The gene chip could detect minor variants when they were more than 10% among the HBV strains. The positive rates of 126A, 126S-1, 126S-2 detected in the 45 specimens by the gene chip (46.67%, 35.56% and 24.44%, respectively) were higher than those detected by direct sequencing of PCR products (9.00%, 4.44% and 2.22%; P=0.000, P=0.000 and P=0.002, respectively). The sequencing of cloned PCR products demonstrated that the gene chip was specific for the "a" determinant hotpoint mutation detection.

CONCLUSIONHBV "a" determinant hotpoint mutations can be detected by oligonucleotide microarray with high sensitivity and specificity, providing a method for large scale screening of the mutants.

Hepatitis B ; blood ; diagnosis ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Point Mutation