Objective To realize the feature of drug resistance in elderly inpatients with tuberculosis in Tianjin. Methods The data of anti-tuberculosis drug sensitivity test of 296 elderly inpatients in Tianjin Haihe Hospital were collected from January 2008 to September 2009. And they were retrospectively analyzed compared with the non-elderly tuberculosis inpatients in the same period.Results (1)The 296 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled in this study. The total rate of drug resistance was 28.7% and total rate of multi-drug resistance was 8.8 %. The initial drug resistance rate was 22.2% and initial multi-drug resistance rate was 6.1%. The acquired drug resistance rate was 41.8% and acquired multi-drug resistance rate was 14.3%. (2)The order of drug resistance rate from high to low was isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampin and ethambutal, respectively.(3) The drug resistance rate did not show significant difference among different sex groups (x2 =0. 002, P＞0. 05). (4)The drug resistance rate and multi-drug resistance rate between elderly patients and non-elderly patients had significant differences (x2 = 10.8, 5.24, both P＜0.05). Conclusions The proportion of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is high, however, its drug resistance rate and multi-drug resistance rate are much lower than non-elderlies.

0.05. No marked side effects and complication were found. The obliterate rate of needles for D-TH direct injection is lower than that of Histoacryl sandwich method. Conclusion Tissue adhesive D-TH injection for hemostasis of acute esophagogastric varices bleeding was an effective treatment and was easy to perform without side effects, and could be served as a recommended application in clinics.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and effects of surgical treatment of children with thalamic tumors.Methods The clinical data of 22 cases were retrospectively studied and followed-up 6 months to 9 years.Results There were 13 boys and 9 girls,their ages ranging from 3 to 13 years.The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis about 2 months.Headache and papilledem were the most symptoms and signs,respectively.Most children′s thalamic tumors were low grade tumors with clear verge.In this group,good results were obtained that total remove 9 cases,subtotal remove 8 cases,partial remove 3 cases,biopsy 2 cases and no surgical death.Conclusions Clinical character of children thalamic tumors is distinct and good surgical results in the nearly future.The long results are determined by type of pathology.

Individual stature estimation is one of the most important contents of forensic anthropology. Currently, it has been used that the regression equations established by the data collected by direct measurement or radiological techniques in a certain group of limbs, irregular bones, and anatomic landmarks. Due to the impact of population mobility, human physical improvement, racial and geographic differences, estimation of individual stature should be a regular study. This paper reviews the different methods of stature estimation, briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and prospects a new research direction.
Body Height ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology* ; Extremities ; Female ; Forensic Anthropology ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Male ; Regression Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To control the incidence of infection during transportation process of supply room,reinforce the management of collecting and sending carts in supply room and ensure the effect of disinfection and safety of use.Methods Available chlorine of 500 mg/L was used to disinfect thein ner face of the clean carts,available chlorine of 1000 mg/L for the outer face,irradiation for 1 hour by ultraviolet lamp before use.The inner and outer faces of the dirty carts were disinfected by available chlorine of 1000 mg/L and irradiation for l hour by ultraviolet lamp.The wheels were flushed by clean water and then sterilized by available chlorine of 1000 mg/L"Clean"or"dirty"was indicated on the carts and they were strictly used and stored.The carts were covered with water-proof cloth,also indicated with"clean"or"dirty".Results The bacteriaJ colony was ≤5 cfu/m2 after disinfection on the clean carts and≤15 cfu/m2 on the dirty carts.Conclusions Disinfection by available chlorine and irradia- tion by ultraviolet lamp can reach the standard of sterile area,clean area and contamination area set by the Ministry of Health.This method is an effective measure in the control of transportation process of supply room with simple,feasible,economical and effective characteristics.

Objective To evaluate roles of color doppler echocardiography(CDE)and angiocardiography(ANGI)in diagnosis of children's combined with congenital heart diseases(CHD).Methods From Jan.2006 to Jun.2008,31 children with combined with CHD underwent not only CDE but also ANGI.Of those,18 cases were subjected to surgical operation.Main diagnosis and concomitant cardiovascular malformations derived from CDE and ANGI,operative findings as well,were compared.Results In 18 cases undergoing surgery,diagnosis of 15(83.33%)cases from CDE and 17(94.44%)cases from ANGI were in line with the operative findings.Of intracardiac malformations,diffe-rences between CDE and ANGI were:CDE diagnosed 1 case with pulmonary atresia /ventricular septal defect(PA/VSD)as persistent truncus arteriosus(PTA),2 cases with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)as PA/VSD by mistake,and 1 case with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection(PAPVC)was suspected by CDE but missed by ANGI,all above mentioned confirmed by sugery;except main diagnosis,CDE missed atrial septal defect(ASD),anomalous origin of right coronary artery and single left coronary for 1 case,respectively.In diagnosing extracardiac abnormal structures:1 case of interrupted aortic arch(IAA)was suspected by CDE but diagnosed and classified by ANGI;for double aortic arch(DAA),pulmonary arteriovenous fistula(PAVF),patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)and absence of right pulmonary artery,1 case of each was missed by CDE;furthermore PDA reported by CDE but not found by ANGI in 4 cases with PA/VSD.Conclusions The diagnostic difference between CDE and ANGI mainly lies in extracardiac malformations including coronary arteries.In diagnosing combined CHD,combination of CDE and ANGI can improve accurate rate.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):44-45

Objective Through detecting CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells(Treg)in the peripheral blood in children suffering autoimmune diseases and normal controls to learn about the changes of Tregs during the diseases and to acquire some references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The data were reviewed for CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of the 93 children diagnosed as pediatric autoimmune disease in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from Nov.2007 to Jun.2008.Thirty-five normal children in the contempora-neous physical examination were selected as the control group.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and CD4+ T cells to the total T cells were determined by flow cytometric method.Data of the JRA group(22 cases),SLE group(12 cases) and HSP group(12 cases),which were the first three according to the number of cases,were respectively compared with the controls.Independent-samples t test was performed for a statistic analysis with SPSS 11.5 software.Results 1.The percentages of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells to the total T cells and CD4+ T cells in the autoimmune diseases children[(6.14?3.21)% and(21.85?11.68)%,respectively] were both higher than those in the control group[(3.68?1.02)% and(12.83?3.61)%,respectively Pa

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than one-third of patients with COVID-19 experience neurological symptoms, including confusion, headaches, and decreased/disordered taste. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer's disease patients are at high risk and susceptible to infection with COVID-19, which may cause severe illness and even death. There appears to be an interaction between AD and COVID-19, and on the one hand, patients with COVID-19 seem to be more likely to develop AD. AD patients, on the other hand, may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the common link between COVID-19 and AD may help to develop treatment strategies. Risk factors common to AD and COVID-19 are aging, ApoE ε4 allele, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), neuroinflammation, oxidative stress. Here, this article focuses on the relationship between COVID-19 and AD, explores common risk factors and potential pathogenesis, and provides help for early prevention, treatment and recovery.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss and summarize the major characteristics, autopsy examination, and scene investigation in infant homicide cases. METHODS: From 2008 to 2013 in Suzhou, the information of seven detected infant homicide cases were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The criminal suspects were victims' mothers with young ages and pregnancies were premarital. Infant homicide cases occurred at the same location of the delivery. The infants died of mechanical asphyxia in the majority of the cases. Most bodies were naked and their umbilical cords were not cut by iatrogenic method and didn't connect with the bodies. CONCLUSION The standardization of forensic investigation can improve the analysis and detection of infant homicide cases.
Asphyxia ; Autopsy ; China ; Criminals ; Death ; Forensic Medicine ; Homicide ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the influence of factors related to metabolic syndrome(MS)on the outcome in subjects without diabetes mellitus in a community.Methods A two-year follow-up study was conducted in 885 subjects who were enrolled in the epidemiologic survey carried out in Pingliang Community, Shanghai in 2002.Oral glucose tolerance test,lipid prefde,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),waist and hip circumferences were measured.Results (1)The baseline of BMI,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2h plasma glucose after glucose loading(2hPG),BP,triglyceride(TG)in the subjects with impaired glucose regulation(IGR)increased significantly as compared to those with normal glucose regulation(NGR)(all P