Objective To investigate the effect of Kanglaite injection (KLT) on immunological function of rat models with Lewis lung carcinoma. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were used to establish Lewis lung carcinoma models and divided randomly into the high dose(25 mL/kg), middle dose (12.5 mL/kg) and low dose (6.25 mL/kg) of KLT groups and model group(n=10). The mice in the KLT groups were sacrificed after injecting corresponding dose of KLT with intraperitoneal injection for 14 d. No treatment was performed on the rats in model group. The body weight, tumor and spleen weight was weighed, then the ratio of tumor restriction and the index of spleen was calculated. MTT colorimetric method and ELISA were used to detected activity of T cell proliferation and expression of IL-2 in spleen. The expression of NF-κB and IκBα protein was detected by Western blot. Results The ratio of tumor restriction in the high, middle, low dose of KLT groups decreased gradually. The indexes of spleen of the high and middle dose of KLT groups were higher than those in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the model group, the activity of T cell proliferation in the high, middle, low dose of KLT groups and the expression of IL-2 in the high and middle dose of KLT groups was increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of NF-κB protein in the nuclei of high, middle, low dose of KLT groups increased dose-dependently, and the expression of NF-κB and IκBα protein in the cytoplasm decreased dose-dependently. ConclusionKLT could enhance immunological function by effecting T cell proliferation, expression of IL-2, NF-κB and IκBα, while restricting tumor growth in Lewis lung carcinoma models.

AIM:To research the effects of Kanglaite(KLT)injection on antitumor and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)in Lewis lung carcinoma(LLC).METHODS:A total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups,including model group,KLT 6.25,12.5,25 mL/kg groups.All the mice were injected with 2?106 LLC cells at 1st day.At the next day,mice in the KLT groups were peritoneally injected with KLT for 14 days.And at the 16th day,all the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were harvested.The tumor weight was measured and the tumor growth inhibition rate was analyzed.The expression of EGFR was detected by westernblot.RESULTS:The growth of LLC was significantly inhibited by KLT,the changes of tumor appearance and histology were affected and the expression level of EGFR was decreased.CONCLUSION:KLT injection could obviously inhibit the growth of LLC,whose mechanism maybe related to the inhibition of EGFR expression.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML). Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma admitted in our hospital from 1989 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Result There were 4 male patients and 10 female patients. Median age was 41 years old. The lesions located in right lobe in 8 patients, and in left lobe in 6 patients. B-US was taken in 12 patients before operation, and other examinations included CT in 8 patients, MRI in 7 patients and angiography in 2 patients. Five patients were diagnosed with HAML by imagine features. Fine needle biopsy was taken in 1 patient with no definite diagnosis. All patients underwent resection and got the histopathologic diagnosis with HAML. All specimens were HMB-45 positive. S-100 and SMA were tested in 7 and 6 patients respectively, and were positive in all those patients. All cases were followed up for 6 months to 18 years (median time was 3 years). 13 patients were still alive without recurrence and 1 patient died of postoperative DIC and heart failure. Conclusion There was marked female predominance in HAML. Imaging features are helpful for preoperative diagnosis of HAML, but correct diagnosis was achieved in only a fraction of patients. HMB-45 positive was definitive proof for histopathologic diagnosis of HAML. Hepatectomy was an effective treatment for HAML.

This study started from the effect of baicalin (BC), the main active component of the labiaceae plant Scutellaria baicalensis, on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats, to explore the mechanism of glucose metabolism reprogramming in fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLSs), a key effector cell of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). First of all, CIA rats and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced RASFs in vitro and in vivo models were established, the arthritis index (AI) score and histopathological changes of CIA rats after BC administration were observed, and the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and cell supernatant were quantified by ELISA, immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) proteins. In addition, the kit was used to measure the levels of key products and enzyme activities in glucose metabolism reprogramming. The results showed that BC (50, 100 and 200 mg·kg^-1) could alleviate the symptoms of arthritis in CIA rats in a dose-dependent manner, inhibit synovial hyperplasia, alleviate the infiltration of inflammatory cells, down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and up-regulate the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in CIA rats. At the same time, the secretion levels of lactate, pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, citrate and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) were decreased, and the expressions of GRP81 and PDK1 were down-regulated, suggesting that BC mediated the reprogramming process of glucose metabolism. However, when GPR81 inhibitor 3-OBA inhibited lactate uptake, the activity of LDH-B was significantly increased, suggesting that BC inhibited the expression of PDK1, a key enzyme in the reprogramming metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. All animal experiments in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Laboratory Animal Care Center of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: AHUCM-rats-2021049). These studies revealed that baicalin mediated metabolic reprogramming of RASFs from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting PDK1 protein expression, and alleviated joint inflammation in CIA rats.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than one-third of patients with COVID-19 experience neurological symptoms, including confusion, headaches, and decreased/disordered taste. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer's disease patients are at high risk and susceptible to infection with COVID-19, which may cause severe illness and even death. There appears to be an interaction between AD and COVID-19, and on the one hand, patients with COVID-19 seem to be more likely to develop AD. AD patients, on the other hand, may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the common link between COVID-19 and AD may help to develop treatment strategies. Risk factors common to AD and COVID-19 are aging, ApoE ε4 allele, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), neuroinflammation, oxidative stress. Here, this article focuses on the relationship between COVID-19 and AD, explores common risk factors and potential pathogenesis, and provides help for early prevention, treatment and recovery.

Objective To investigate the influences of mutation at precore and basic core promoter(BCP) region in hepatitis B virus(HBV) on the immune response of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL) in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods The number of specific CTL in peripheral blood mononuclear(PBMC) of CHB patients were tested by cytokine flow cytome- try(CFC) and HBV core18-27 peptide.HBV precore and BCP fragments were directly sequenced. Results Twenty-one(38.9%) samples were HBV precore G1896A mutation.Twenty-six(48.1%) samples were BCP region 1762/1764 combined mutation.Thirteen(24.1%) stains were three sites mutated simultaneously.Stimulated with HBV core 18-27 in vitro,the specific CTL level was signifi- cantly higher in the patients with G1896A mutation and BCP region mutation [(0.41?0.09)%, (0.36?0.08)%,(0.48?0.08)%,respectively]than those without mutation[(0.11?0.06)%, P

Objective To investigate the influence of factors related to metabolic syndrome(MS)on the outcome in subjects without diabetes mellitus in a community.Methods A two-year follow-up study was conducted in 885 subjects who were enrolled in the epidemiologic survey carried out in Pingliang Community, Shanghai in 2002.Oral glucose tolerance test,lipid prefde,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),waist and hip circumferences were measured.Results (1)The baseline of BMI,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2h plasma glucose after glucose loading(2hPG),BP,triglyceride(TG)in the subjects with impaired glucose regulation(IGR)increased significantly as compared to those with normal glucose regulation(NGR)(all P

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) for selectively carrying out prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).Methods 114 patients with LA-NSCLC between Jun 2006 and Oct 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Related risk factors and features about brain metastases were analyzed.Results The 2-year incidence rate of brain metastases was 31.58 ％ (36/114),the first brain metastases was 20.18 ％ (23/114),and sole brain metastases was 9.65 ％(11/114),respectively.Variables involved in the equation of binary logistic regression analysis were pathology (OR =5.892) and treatment mode(OR =2.888).The incidence rate of brain metastases in patients of non-squamous carcinoma and single treatment mode was higher than others (P ＜ 0.01) Model fitting is better (P ＞ 0.05).Overall accuracy rate of predicting brain metastases is 67.7 ％.The increased rate of lactate dehydrogenase in the patients with brain metastases or death was 17.54 ％, which was higher than that in the survival patients without brain metastases (P ＜ 0.01).At the same time,the station number and the number of mediastinal lymph node metastases were positively correlated (r =0.716, P ＜ 0.01).The incidence rate of brain metastases or mortality rate was higher in the adenocarcinoma cases than that in the squamous carcinoma cases (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05),with more frequent occurrence of mediastinal metastases.The mean diameter of squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were 5.8 cm and 3.9 cm, respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The incidence rate of brain metastases was higher in patients with single treatment.Large primary tumors, high lactate dehydrogenase, non-squamous carcinoma, multiple stations, and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes metastases can be regarded as risk factors of brain metastases to perform PCI.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze prognostic risk factors of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 19 cases of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma admitted in our hospital from January 1999 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival function was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. The possible prognostic risk factors were tested by χ2-test. Results Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed by pathology in the 19 patients, among which hepatic tunic was infiltrated in 13 cases, peritoneum involved in 1 case, intravascular cancer embolus in 1 case. At that time lymphocyte nodes metastasis in 2 cases were found by regional lymphadenectomy in 7cases. The 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 61% and 42%,respectively. Prognosis of patients with tumor size ＞ 5 cm ( χ2 = 4. 392, P = 0. 036 ), history of heavy drinking ( χ2 = 11.010, P = 0.001 ) or intraoperative blood transfusion ( χ2 = 4. 645,P = 0. 031 ) were worse than others. Conclusion It was difficult to get correct preoperative diagnosis of combined hepatocellularcholangiocarcinoma. Tumor size, history of heavy drinking and blood transfusion were all prognostic related risk factors.

Objective In the context of worldwide shortage of amytal,explore the intracarotidpropofol test for lateralizing language area and assessing hemispheric memory function.Methods Fourteen patients with refractory partial epilepsy who were candidates for surgical intervention were included in the study.With guide under a digital subtraction angiography,propofol was injected in bilateral intracarotidsequentially.Muscle power deceasing to level 0 at the contralateral limb and eyes gazing to contralateral side were used as the mark of hemispheric anesthesia completely.The immediate language alterations were recorded.To evaluate the bilateral language and memory functions,the visual and auditory memory tasks were performed sequentially once patient could concentrate his attention ; and after limb muscle power recovering to normal level,patients were required to perform a free recall test.Any abnormal responses were recorded.Results Language dominant hemisphere was determined in 14 patients.Nine patients were confirmed as left language dominance,2 patients were right language dominance.The remained 3 patients were considered as bilateral language dominance.Meanwhile,the hemispheric memory function was able be evaluated in 13 patients.More than 67％ memory function was sustained in hemisphere contralateral to mesial temporal lesions.Transient responses including eye pain,facial muscle spasms,laughers and involuntary movements were observed.Conclusion Hemispheric language and memory functions can be assessed with direct intracarotidpropofol injection,and propofol could be an alternative drug to amobarbital used in the Wada test.