Aim To determine the roles of peripheral ? 1 and ? 2 -adrenoceptors (? 1-AR,? 2-AR) in inhibition of carotid sinus barore ceptor reflex(CSR) induced by intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of histami ne (HA).Methods The left and right carotid sinus regions were i solated from the systemic circulation in 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetiz ed with pentobarbital sodium.The intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) was altered in a stepwise ma nner in vivo.ISP-mean arterial pressure (MAP) relationship curve and its ch aracteristic parameters were constructed by fitting to the logistic function wit h five parameters.The changes in CSR performance induced by icv HA and the effec ts of pretreatment with ? 1-AR or ? 2-AR selective antagonist into the per ipheral vein on the responses of CSR to HA were examined.Results icv microinjection of HA (60 ?mol?L -1 in 5 ?l) significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards (P0.05).Conclusion The intracerebroventricular administration of HA results in a rapid resetting of CSR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity, and the functions of both the peripheral ? 1-AR and ? 2-AR may attenuate CSR resetting induced by icv microinjection of HA. Furthermore,the peripheral ? 1-AR might play an important role in mediating the responses of CSR to central HA.

Objective To study the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colorectal cancer,and its relationship with the sensitivity of rectal cancer neoadjuvant radiotherapy.Methods 102 rectal cancer patients with preoperative radiotherapy were selected from January 2013 to January 2016.The COX-2 expression of samples were detected by immunohistochemical.We analyzed the relationship of tumor and adjacent to carcinoma tissue COX-2 expression,radiation sensitivity and the prognosis of patients.Results 71 cases with radiation sensitivity and 31 radiation resistance cases,radiation sensitive rate was 69.6％.The COX-2 expression in the tumor tissue was significantly higher than adjacent tissue (P ＜ 0.05),radiation sensitive patient proportion with positive and strong positive COX-2 expression was significantly lower than the radiation resistance (P ＜ 0.05).The adjacent to carcinoma tissue's COX-2 positive expression of radiation resistance group proportion was significantly higher than the radiation sensitive group (P ＜ 0.05).The tumor COX-2 positive OR strongly positive (OR:4.21,95％ CI:1.26-7.17),tissue adjacent to carcinoma COX-2 positive (OR:8.15,95％ CI:1.43-38.21) were risk factors for neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance.The survival analysis showed that tumor tissue COX-2 expression of negative OR weakly positive patients survival significantly extended.Conclusions There were significant correlations between the expression of COX-2,neoadjuvant radiotherapy sensitivity and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.the joint detection biopsy COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer patients with tumor and cancer adjacent tissues,may screening out patients sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy,which making patient better prognosis.

ObjectiveTo summarize the nursing measures for patients with nasal facial soft tissue defect treated with transplantation of free foot skin flap.MethodThe clinical data of 13 patients with transplantation were reviewed to summarize the nursing measures.ResultAll skin flaps of the 13 patients survived.ConclusionEnough preoperative preparation,active psychological nursing and careful postoperative observation are critical for the success of the operation.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of the blood concentration of tacrolimus ( Tac) and serum cystatin C ( SCysC) and serum creatinine (Scr) in the patients with renal transplantation. Methods:Totally 84 cases of renal transplantation patients (67 male/17 female) treated with Tac were involved. The blood concentration of Tac, SCysC and Scr were monitored after the operation. Data results were categorized according to the postoperative time and the blood concentration. The correlations of Tac blood concentra-tion,SCysC and Scr were analyzed and compared by using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The blood concentration of Tac was not significantly associated with SCysC and Scr in different postoperative time groups and different drug concentration groups ( P >0. 05). As the extension of time,the blood concentration of Tac showed a gradual declining trend, while SCysC and Scr levels de-creased first, and then increased gradually after two years of the operation. Conclusion:The blood concentration of Tac has no effect on the function evaluation of transplanted kidney by the biochemical indicators such as SCysC and Scr.

In order to control the quality of Vigna radiata, the quality control method and standard were established in this study. The tests of water content, ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of V. radiata were carried out according to the methods recoded in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition, volume 1). The TLC method was established by using vitexin and isovitexin as references, and a mixture of acetate-method-water (10: 1.7 : 1.3) as the developing solvent system on GF254 thin layer plate. The contents of vitexin and isovitexin were determined by HPLC on a Prevail C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column, using acetonitrile: water (23 : 77) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature is 30 degrees C and the detection wavelength is 337 nm. As a result, vitexin, isovitexin and the other constituents were well separated on TLC detected under the UV light (254 nm). The methodology validation for the assay of vitexin and isovitexin presented that they were in good linear correlation in the ranges of 6.12-98 mg x L(-1) and 6.85-109.6 mg x L(-1), with the regression equations of Y = 46.213X - 7.100 (r = 1.000) and Y = 54.515X + 6.829 (r = 1.000), and the average recoveries were 98.2% (RSD 1.9%) and 97.2% (RSD 0.79%), respectively. The content ranges of vitexin and isovitexin from 25 different batches of V. radiata were 1.076-2.062 mg x g(1) and 1.127-2.303 mg x g(-1), respectively. suggesting that the qualities of V. radiata are relatively stable. The ethanol-soluble extractives, water content and total ash of 25 samples varied in the ranges of 13.27% - 18.46%, 9.59% - 12.43% and 2.63% - 3.53%, respectively. All of the above data proved that the established quality of control method V. radiata is specific and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of this drug.
Apigenin ; chemistry ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Aim To investigate the influence of sarpog-relate hydrochloride (SH)on the pharmacokinetic pro-file of dextromethorphan (DM),the typical substrate of CYP2D1 /2,in rats when they were administered co-instantaneously.Methods A total of 1 2 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:the control group (DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 )and the sarpogrelate group (SH, 1 0 mg·kg-1 ;DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 ),which received in-tragastric administration.Plasma samples were collected immediately before and at different time points after drug administration.A LC-MS /MS method was used to determine the concentrations of DM in rat plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using Drug and Statistics (DAS 2.0).Results There were signif-icant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of DM,including T1 2 (2.49 h ±0.93 h vs 1 .47 h ±0.20 h,P <0.05 ),Cmax (325.7 μg·L -1 ±1 33.2 μg· L -1 vs 1 04.5μg·L -1 ±52.4 μg·L -1 ,P <0.05), AUC0 -t(785.5 μg·L -1 ·h ±451 .9 μg·L -1 ·h vs 244.8 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 68.3μg·L -1 ·h,P <0.05) and AUC0 -∞(804.7 μg·L -1 ·h ±445.6 μg·L -1 ·h vs 251 .4 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 73.4 μg·L -1 ·h,P<0.05 )between the two groups.Conclusion SH could significantly inhibit the elimination of DM,the substrate of CYP2D1 /2 in rats.

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of Zhiqian Capsule;To provide evidence for researches on preparation into new Chinese medicine. Methods The main influential factors of extraction technology included the quantity of water, extraction time and immersion time. The extraction effect was evaluated with the content of aesculetin and the extract yield as indexes. The optimal extraction technology of Zhiqian Capsule was selected by single factor experiment and central composite design-response surface method. Results The best extraction conditions were as follows:reflux extraction for twice, the first time adding 10-fold of water and extraction for 2.5 h, the second time adding 8-fold of water and extraction for 2 h. Conclusion The optimal extraction technology of Zhiqian Capsule is efficient for extracting aesculetin, as well as economical, reasonable, easy and feasible.

Background: The autologous saphenous vein is the most common conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting, but the vein graft disease will occur. This study used Matrigel basement membrane matrix with many different growth factors to promote vasa vasorum neovascularization and extenuate the hypoxia to improve remodeling. Methods: This study observed the hypoxia and thickness of the vein grafts at different times. Normal veins and vein grafts with 15 min of ischemia one day postoperatively were harvested in the neck of rabbits. Paired vein grafts with 15 min ischemia bilaterally (control vs. Matrigel basement membrane matrix) were performed and harvested at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The rabbits were randomly divided into four postoperative groups (six rabbits in each group): Group 1, one day postoperatively; Group 2, 2 weeks postoperatively;Group 3, 6 weeks postoperatively; and Group 4, 12 weeks postoperatively. The dimensions of vessel wall were captured, and the mean thicknesses of intima, media, and adventitia were measured. The hypoxia?inducible factor (HIF)?1α and HIF?2α labeling indices of intima, media, and adventitia were also measured. Results: In Group 1, the labeling index of HIF?1α was high in the normal vein and decreased significantly in the vein graft one day postoperatively (intima: 80 ± 3% vs. 12 ± 1%, P = 0.01; media: 67 ± 5% vs. 11 ± 1%, P = 0.01; adventitia: 40 ± 10% vs. 7 ± 2%, P = 0.03). The labeling index of HIF?2α had similar trend as HIF?1α (intima: 80 ± 10% vs. 10 ± 5%, P = 0.02; media: 60 ± 14% vs. 12 ± 2%, P = 0.01; adventitia: 45 ± 20% vs. 10 ± 4%, P = 0.03). Compared with the control vein grafts, vein grafts with Matrigel basement membrane matrix had lower labeling indices of HIF?1α and HIF?2α in media and adventitia at Group 2 (HIF?1α: 34 ± 5% vs. 20 ± 4%, P = 0.04 for media; 23 ± 3% vs. 11 ± 2%, P = 0.03 for adventitia; HIF?2α: 37 ± 6% vs. 21 ± 4%, P = 0.03 for media; 24 ± 4% vs. 13 ± 2%, P = 0.04 for adventitia) and Group 3 (HIF?1α: 33 ± 4% vs. 7 ± 2%, P = 0.04 for media; 13 ± 3% vs. 3 ± 1%, P = 0.02 for adventitia; HIF?2α:27 ± 4% vs. 12 ± 3%, P = 0.02 for media; 19 ± 2% vs. 6 ± 1%, P = 0.02 for adventitia). There were no differences in mean thickness of intima, media, and adventitia between bilateral vein grafts at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions: This study indicated that promoting vasa vasorum neovascularization of vein grafts extenuated hypoxia, but did not influence the intimal hyperplasia of the wall.

Objective Detecting of spermatozoal total RNAs by laboratory on chip gel electrophoresis so that it could provide better total RNAs for the sequent experiments, and spur the development of spermatozoal molecular biology. Methods Sperms of healthy adults were collected and then total RNAs were extracted by RNeasy mini kit(QIAGEN), detection and quality control were performed by loboratory on chip gel electrophoresis system. Meantime, the control RNAs were extracted from lymphocytes. Results It was found that there were a plenty of genes expressed in healthy sperms. Electrophoretic graphs showed that the total RNAs of spermatozoal had 2 bands which went ahead a little comparing to the normal somatic cells. The former peak appeared keenness, and the latter was broad and showed like a reversed U. The ratio of them was largely more than 2, no extra peaks were found in electrophoretic graph. Conclusion A simple,intuitionistic method to detect and control the quality of the healthy adults' spermatozoal total RNAs had been successfully constructed by using laboratory on chip gel electrophorosis.

Ethnicity ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic