During the latest researches on knee ostarthritis,it is discovered that before the morphology changes of cartilage,there were changes of the content of proteoglycan and water and changes of alinement of surface layer collagen fibers in cartilage matrix.By the new technologies of DWI,proton density mapping image,23Na MRI,T2Mapping image and so on,not only the pathological changes of cartilage can be disclosed,the component changes of cartilage matrix can also be detected.Accompany with the progress in the technology of software and hardware,MRI will have more and more prospects in early diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of knee ostarthritis.

Objective Through developing the experimental animal model of ileal transposition (IT) with GK-rats,to explore the effects of ileal transposition on water and food intake,weight change and blood glucose.Methods Thirty male GK-rats were randomly assigned to three groups:IT(n =10),C (n =10) and B (n =10)group.Rats in IT group underwent ileal transposition,and others underwent sham operation.Every group was given sufficient clean water.Water and food intake,weight change blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.Results The total deaths of the experiment was four and the general survival rate was 88.6％.After operation,water intake reduced visibly in all groups,IT group was kept low level for a long time but not in C and B group.The food intake of IT group was lower than the other two groups during a certain period,but that phenomenon didnt last long.The weight change showed similarly to the food intake.The fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and OGTT were ameliorated significantly in IT group but not in B and C group.Conclusions It is feasible to develop ileal transposition animal models with GK-rats.Moreover,the author found that the influence of IT on weight in GK rats was transient,but on water intake and blood glucose was lasting.

Animals ; Decompression ; Decompression Sickness ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Electrophysiology ; Male ; Rabbits

In the light of obscure conception of Ashi points in the circle of acupuncture and moxibustion at present, this article tries to clarify the origin and definition of Ashi points by textual research of literatures. It is put forward that Ashi points are not the same with "tender spot" and "Buding point, Tianying point", but are some special responding points, including regular points and extra points, when the organism is ill. When these points are pressed the organism will be comfortable or painful. And the definition, location and clinical location method of Ashi points are proposed.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Meridians ; Moxibustion

OBJECTIVETo investigate the difference between two methods for establishing rat models of complex regional pain syndrome type 1.

METHODSTwenty-four adult SD rats were randomly allocated into control group, tibia fracture group and ischemia group (n=8), and complex regional pain syndrome type 1 was simulated in the latter two groups using different methods. The pain behaviors of the rats were observed and serum substance P level was detected with ELISA at different time points after the operations.

RESULTSLimb loss occurred in 3 rats in tibia fracture group, and the other 5 rats showed a lowered pain threshold. At 8 h after modeling, the rats in ischemia group showed more obvious reduction of pain threshold than those in tibia fracture group. Serum substance P levels in the two model groups underwent similar alterations after modeling, both significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). Microcirculation changes were more serious in tibia fracture group than in ischemia group. Ulcer-like lesions were found in the skin of some rats in tibia fracture group. No obvious pathologies were observed microscopically in the sciatic nerve in the two model groups.

CONCLUSIONThe two methods can both be effective to simulate complex regional pain syndrome type 1, but tibia fracture results in more sustained symptoms and pathological changes in the microcirculation.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Foot ; blood supply ; Ischemia ; complications ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ; Tibial Fractures ; complications

Objective To evaluate the activation status of T lymphocytes and to measure the expression of OX40 and OX40L mRNA in peripheral blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 30 patients with SLE and 15 healthy controls.The expression of CD38 and CD3 on peripheral blood T lymphocytes were quantified by using a two-color fluorescence activated cell sorter.Fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of OX40 and OX40L mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Results The coexpression levels of CD38 and CD3 were significantly increased in patients with SLE compared with healthy controls(t =3.12,P ＜ 0.05).Increased expression levels of OX40 and OX40L mRNA were observed in patients with active SLE compared with those with inactive SLE and healthy controls(F =4.13,3.12,both P ＜ 0.01).The level of OX40 mRNA was positively correlated with SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI)score in the patients(r =0.35,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Abnormally activated T lymphocytes and upregulated expression of OX40 and OX40L mRNA may play a certain role in the initiation and progression of SLE.

Objective To evaluate the result of revascularization for lower limb artery ischemia in elder patients. Method During Jan 2006 to Nov 2008, 262 elder patients (60 years old and up), underwent artery revascularization for lower limb arterial ischemia. Mortality, morbidity, primary patency, secondary patency and limb salvage were analyzed. Result There were a total of 323 ischemia limbs in those 262 elder patients undergoing revascalarization, among those 102 limbs underwent artery bypass, 98 limbs underwent endoluminal angioplasty with or without stenting, 67 limbs underwent embolectomy or endarterectomy, 56 limbs underwent open surgery combined with endoluminal treatment due to multiple segment lesions. Operation success rate was 94.7%. Two patients died within 30 days. Perioperative morbidity developed in 15 cases. 245 patients (93.5%) were followed-up from 1 month to 35 months. Mortality was 6.1% (15 cases), primary patency was 80.5%, secondary patency was 92.7% and limb salvage rate was 95.2%. Risk factors analysis showed that history of cardiac disease and elder ages were associated with higher mortality. Diabetes mellitus, critical ischemia and multiple segment lesions were associated with poor long term patency and limb salvage. Conclusion Lower limb ischemia is severe disease related to elder patients' death and amputation. Careful patient selection, detailed pre-operation work-up, meticulous operative technique play crucial roles for a successful arterial reconstruction.

Objective To observe the effects of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Her2 on its gene expression when the shRNA was stably transfected into human ovarian cell lines, SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl, which have different extent of malignancy and investigate the changes of the biological characters of the two cell lines after the stable transfection. Methods The plasmids expressing shRNA targeting Her2 gene were transfected into SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells. The stably transfected cells were gained by antibiotic screening. The expression of Her2 before and after the transfection was detected by RT- PCR and western blot. The transwell experiment was used to observe the invasion ability of the cancer cells before and after the transfection, and the parent and the transfected cells were injected into nude mice to observe the tumor growth. Results After the stable transfection with Her2 shRNA, mRNA and protein levels of Her2 gene in SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells were remarkably reduced. The expression of mRNA were (68.0±3. 1) %, (40. 8±2. 0) %, (99. 9±1.3) %, (42. 4±2. 5) %. The expression of protein were (72. 1±3.4) %, (36. 4±1.5) %, (98.2±1.7) %, (40. 7±2. 1) %. The invasion ability into basilar membrane of the transfected cells was greatly reduced compared with the parent cells. The invasion cell numbers were 7.6±1.1, 1.8±0. 8, 36. 2±9.7, 15.7±7. 2. The growth rate of the planted tumors was lower in transfected groups than that of the parent groups. Conclusions (1) The expression of Her2 gene in SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells was remarkably reduced by RNA interference targeting Her2. (2) The biological characters of SKOV3 and SKOV3. ipl cells are changed when the expression of Her2 gene is reduced by RNA interference.

"Wise men could recognize similarities, but the fool only recognizes differences" in Su-wen, which expounded clinical thinking methods of Chinese medicine (CM). "To recognize similarities and differences simultaneously" is of important clinical significance in understanding the laws of diseases. CM pays much attention to recognize similarities, while modern medicine emphasizes the differences observed. In order to develop integrative medicine (IM), similarities recognition and differences identification must be combined together to innovate new thinking methods of IM.
Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

This study was purposed to investigate the changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways in rabbits suffered from the acute decompression sickness(DCS). Model of DCS in rabbits was established. Survival rate and symptoms of DCS in animal model was monitored. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fib), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and D-dimers were measured before compression and at 0, 3, 24 hours after decompression by latex agglutination semiquantitative methods. The changes of plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and thrombomodulin (TM) were measured by ELISA at different time points after decompression. The results showed that the model of DCS in rabbits was successfully established. There was a statistically significant extension in APTT, TT, increase of Fib concentration at 15 minutes after decompression, the changes were peaked at 3 hours and recovered at 24 hours after decompression. The concentration of FDP significantly decreased at 3 hours after decompression. The concentration of D-dimers significantly increased at 24 hours after decompression in rabbits model with DCS. FPA concentration was significantly increased at 15 minutes and recovered at 24 hours after decompression. PAP concentration was increased after decompression, but had no significant changes. PAI-1 could not be detected. TM significantly increased after decompression. It is concluded that the acute DCS significantly impacts on blood coagulation system in rabbit model. It is shown that hypocoagulation occurred at initial time and hyperfibrinolysis subsequently, which varied with time. The damage of blood vessel endothelium may be one of the causes of these variations.
Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Decompression Sickness ; blood ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Fibrinolysis ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Thrombin Time