Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Guide county of Qinghai province, in order to provide appropriate measures to monitor and control the disease. Methods Damo, Wenquan, Baoning villages(water source has been changed) and Taiping village(water source has not been changed) in Guide county were involved in the study in 2008. One tap water sample was collected in dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.5-2006); of all the children aged 8 to 12, dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean criteria; 6 copies of urine samples were collected in each age group, urinary fluoride was measured using fluoride ion-selective electrode (WS/T 89-1996). According to the "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis "(WS 192-2008), clinical skeletal fluorosis was determined in adults over the age of 16 by X-ray examination for 10 people in each selected village. Results The mean water fluoride was 0.58,0.38,2.28,0.37 mg/L in Damo, Wenquan, Taiping, and Baoning villages, respectively, and that of Taiping village exceeded the national standard(1.0 mg/L). One hundred and ninety-three children aged 8-12 were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 49.74% (96/193); urine samples of 116 children were tested, median urinary fluoride was 1.49 mg/L A total of 1503 adults over the age of 16 were examined, the clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 51.63%(776/1503); a total of 82 people were X-rayed, X-ray detection of skeletal fluorosis was 20.73%(17/82). The characteristic of X-rays were degeneration and ossification of interosseous membrane. Conclusions Prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and adult clinical skeletal fluorosis are higher. The endemic fluorosis is still comparatively serious. Prevention efforts need to be further strengthened.

[Objective]To discuss the effect of the calcaneocuboid arthrodesis on kinematics of foot and its clinical signifi-cance.[Method]In 10 fresh-frozen foot specimens,limitation dorsiflexion, plantoflexion, abduction, adduction , eversion, inver-sion motion of foot were determined before and after calcaneocuboid arthrodesis under non-weight with moment of couple, bendingmoment, equilibrium dynamic loading.[Result]A significant decrease in the motion of foot was observed (P

Objective To study the AmpC beta-lactarnase and its genotype mediated by plasmid in Escherichia coli.Methods AmpC beta-lactamase was detected based on that AmpC beta-laetamase can be inhibited by 3-aminophenylboronic acid(APB).MIC was ehecked by agar dilution method.Conjugation test was used to check the transfer of ampC gene.Gene chip and PCR were used to detect ampC gene.The amplified ampC gene were sequenced and analyzed by EMBOSS software.The molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates was investigated by Enterbacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC)typing method.Results In 74 strains of Escherichia coli insusceptible to cefoxtin,AmpC beta-lactamase was positive in 33 strains.8 strains possessed AmpC beta-lactamase of CIT group by gene chip and 8 transconjugants were obtained by conjugation test.CMY type ampC gene could be further amplified by specific CMY gene primers from both 8 clinical isolates of E.coli and plasmids extracted from 8 transconjugants.CMY-2 type ampC gene was found by sequencing(accession number DQ823449).The most transconjugants displayed similar MIC value(intermediate or resistant).ERIC genotyping showed 6 out of 8 isolates with CMY-2 ampC gene derived from different resource.Conclusion CMY-2 AmpC beta- lactamase mediated by plasmid could be detected in E.coli isolates from patients in the General Hospital of People Liberation Army,Beijing.The plasmid carried ampC gene could mediate multi-drug resistance.

OBJECTIVETo explore the immuno-neurologic regulation of hypertension and its inherent law as well as the mechanisms of curing and systemic regulating effect of ZiShuiJiangHuoYin(ZSJHY).

METHODTo detect expression level of AT-1mRNA in two-kidney-one-clamp renal hypertension rat lymphocyte cell by means of RT-PCR.

RESULTThe level of AT-1 mRNA in lymphocyte was higher in group of 2K1C-RHR than that in normal group. ZSJHY (20 g/kg, 40 g/kg) had regulating effect on this.

CONCLUSIONDepressing excessive expression of lymphocyte AT-1 mRNA may be one of the mechanisms where ZSJHY exert immunoregulation action.

Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To discuss the effect of the calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis on the weight- bearing area of subtalar joint and its clinical significance.Methods Twelve fresh-frozen cadaver foot specimens were used for determination of weight-bearing area of the subtalar joint on foot and ankle neutral position,dorsiflexion,plantoflexion,adduction,abduction,inversion and eversion motion by means of pressure sensitive film before and after calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis under weight loading.Results Weight-bearing area of the subtalar joint averagely increased for (32.54?7.45)% in all positions after calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusion Weight-bear- ing area of the subtalar joint increases after calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis,which contributes to decrea- sing the pressure and increasing the stability of the subtalar joint.

Objective To observe the state of endemic flurosis, construction and running status of water improvement projects in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment fluorosis. Methods Water samples of the diseased and nondiseased villeges were collected from east, west, south, north and centre of each villege in 2005, and fluoride concentration was determined for each surveyed village with unimproved-water. At the same time, all the tap water and source water samples were collected to determine fluoride concentration in each water-improved village surveyed. In 2008, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Guied county were divided into slight, medium and heavy types according to the water fluoride content before water improved, and 1,1,3 survey villages were chosen from each type. In all of the village children aged 8 to 12 years were tested for dental fluorosis by Dean method. Six copies of the urinary fluoride were sampled in different age groups. The fluorine content in water and urine was determined by F-ion selective electrode. The situation of clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was investigated, 20 adults (evenly divided between men and women) in the villages of medium and heavy types were examined by X-ray for skeletal fluorosis. Results In 3 village fluoride content of drinking water exceeded the national drinking water standards ( <1.0 mg/L) of 85 surveyed villages with improved-water. Among the 16 projects, 8 were intermittently running and 3 were retired, leaving only 31.25% of the projects active. Theprevalence of enamel fluorosis was 41.13%( 116/282), that of skeletal flurosis was 47.95%(969/2021) and that of X-ray checked was 20.73% (17/82). The median of urine fluoride was 1.06 mg/L and the scope was 0.20 - 9.44 mg/L.Conclusions Most of the improved-water projects do not normally supply water in the disease ward of Guide county. Therefore, there is an increasing trend of the disease, so further control measures are needed.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the best surgical approach to the skull base neoplasms.

METHODSRetrospective analysis the 79 skull base neoplasms cases treated with surgical resection in Qilu hospital of Shandong university from 1992 to 2002. Eleven surgical approaches including midfacial degloving, frontal coronal discission, nasal eversion, maxillary swing, partial maxillary resection, total resection of orbit, mandibular swing, combination of front, temple, preauricular, post aureum, neck, and transoral approaches were used to resect the tumor which involved fossae pterygopalatine, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, antero, meso and posterobasilar region, lobi frontalis and lobi temporalis of cerebrum.

RESULTSSeventy-nine skull base neoplasms were totally removed and no one died from the operation. Although 5 cases complicated with cerebrospinal fluid leak and all recovered within 1 week, no serious cranium-cerebrum complication occurred. In 29 patients with benign tumor including 11 cases of meningioma, 3 cases of chondroma, 1 case of hemangio-meningioma, 1 case of cavernous hemangioma, 2 cases of osteodysplasia fibromas, 9 cases of neurofibroma, 1 case of glomus jugular tumor, 1 case of neurilemmoma, 19 have survived over 5 years and the longest one has survived over 8 years. For 50 patients with malignant tumor including 3 cases of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 17 cases of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 11 cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 1 case of undifferentiated carcinoma, 2 cases of chondrosarcoma, 5 cases of canceration of papilloma, 2 cases of adenocarcinoma, 1 case of esthesioneuroblastoma, 2 cases of malignant fibrohistiocytoma, 1 case of fibrosarcoma, 2 cases of malignant mixed tumour, 3 cases of sarcoma survival rates of 3 and 5 years were 59.2% (29/49), 38.5% (10/26) respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn order to resect the tumor completely and reduce the complication and malformation as far as possible, different surgical approaches must be designed according to the pathological changes characters and involved area,and the surgeon should select the shortest approach, avoid to damage the important neurovascular structure, and resect the tumor through the natural anatomy space by the shelter incision.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological characteristics of xenogenic acellular dermal matrix( Xeno-ADM) incorporated with silver, and to observe its effect in grafting.

METHODSXeno-ADM was prepared with 0. 25% trypsin and 0. 5% triton X-100 , and then it was immersed in 2 g/L silver nitrate solution to prepare xeno-ADM incorporated with silver. The bacterial inhibitory effect of two kinds of xeno-ADM on burn wound was determined, and the histological characteristic of the wounds was observed with optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The Ag+ content in the xeno-ADM incorporated with silver was measured with atomic absorption spectrometer. Twenty-seven rabbits with full-thickness skin defects on the back were randomly divided into three groups, i. e. split-thickness skin autograft only( group A, n = 9) , xeno-ADM with overlying split-thickness skin autograft( group B, n = 9) , xeno-ADM incorporated with silver with overlying split-thickness skin autograft ( group C, n = 9). The skin specimens from grafted area in each group were harvested at 2,4 and 6 post-operation weeks( POW) and examined under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The condition of the graft, the contraction degree of the grafts and the historical changes in grafting area were observed at 2,4,6 POW. The survival rate of the grafts was calculated and the proliferative activity of the lymphocyte in each group was determined at 2 POW.

RESULTS1. Compared with xeno-ADM, the anti-bacterial effect of xeno-ADM incorporated with silver was much better ( P < 0. 05). No epidermis was seen in both types of xenografts ,and the collagen fibers were even in size and arranged regularly, with no obvious degeneration, and the dermis was also devoid of cells and cellular components. The Ag + content in xeno-ADM incorporated with silver measured (2. 7+/-0. 7) mg/g. 2. The grafts in B and C groups presented similar color to that of normal skin at 6 POW, and it was smooth, with fine texture and no scarring. The collagen fibers was arranged regularly, and conjunction between epidermis and dermis, the structure of basal cell desmosome and semi-desmosome were well reconstructed. The grafts in A group was in dark red color, with obvious contraction, and easily broken. The contraction rate in A group at 2,4 and 6 POW were obviously higher than those in B and C groups( P < 0. 05), while no obvious difference was observed between B and C groups. ( P >0. 05). The overall survival rate of the grafts in C group at 2 POW was 91.7% , which was evidently higher than that in A (77.8%) and B (80. 6% ) groups. The lymphocyte proliferative activity exhibited no difference among A, B and C groups( P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe xeno-ADM incorporated with silver has good anti-bacterial effect. In addition, it preserves the basic tissue structure and integral collagen fiber scaffold, without cells to induce rejection, so that it can be used as an ideal dermal substitute.

Animals ; Dermis ; transplantation ; ultrastructure ; Rabbits ; Silver ; therapeutic use ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Wound Healing

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To summarize the efficacy and safety of covered metal stents joint nasobiliary drainage in treated with ERCP-related Ⅲ Stapfer bile duct perforation. Method Covered metal stent were immediately placed with patients for ERCP-related III Stapfer bile duct perforation. Then, nasobiliary drainage were placed. The stents were removed after 2 ～ 4 weeks. Result 6 patients were all improved, and no surgical patients. The effective rate was 100.00％. No stent related complications occurred. The symptoms of abdominal infection occurred in 1 patient during hospitalization, the rate was 16.67％. Conclusion The method of treatment for ERCP-related III Stapfer bile duct perforation was safe and effective, it was worthy of clinical popularization and application.