Abstract: Objective （ ） To investigate the current status of medical radiation protection in medical and health institutions MHI Methods - （ ） in Tibet Autonomous Region. Sixty one MHIs in seven prefectures cities of Tibet Autonomous Region were selected as the study subjects by stratified random sampling. The radiological protection equipment and personal protective ， equipment were investigated and the quality control of radiological equipment and radiation protection monitoring in Results ， radiological workplace were monitored. There were 368 radiation workers in 61 MHI institutions accounting for 4.8% （ ） ∶ ， 368/7 701 of the total number of radiation workers. The ratio of male to female was 2 1 and the average was six people/ institution. The quantity of radiation monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment at all levels of MHI was less than ， 1.00 sets/person. Among them tertiary MHI had the lowest number of personal protective equipment configurations. The （ monitoring qualified rates of radiation equipment quality control and radiation protection in radiation workplace were 73.3% 88/ ） （ ）， 120 and 95.8% 115/120 respectively. The lowes tmonitoring qualified rate of radiation equipment quality control was 55.2% （ ） ， （ ， ）Conclusion 32/58 with digital radiography and the second was computed tomography 84.8% 28/33 . The monitoring ， qualified rate of radiation protection in MHI workplaces at all levels in Tibet Autonomous Region is high. However radiation monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment should be increased.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of perioperative fast-track surgery(FTS)program and nutrition support in the elderly patients with gastric cancer.Methods Totally 42 patients were equally randomized into FTS group(receiving perioperative FTS program)and control group(receiving a conventional therapy).The postoperative first defecation time,postoperative hospital stay,hospitahzation expenditure,and postoperative complications were compared between these two groups.Results The postoperative first defecation time and postoperative hospital stay were(75.4±24.3)hours and(11.2±3.2)days in FIS group and(98.0±22.6)hours and(14.4±4.6)days in control group(P=0.0165,P=0.0004;respectively).The hospitalization expenditure was significantly lower in FTS group than in control group[(3.66±0.48)×104 vs.(4.56±0.78)×104 RMB yuan;P=0.0001].The incidence of postoperative complications in FTS group was also significantly lower than that in control group(9.5% vs.28.6%,P=0.0422).Conclusion Perioperative FTS program can accelerate postoperative rehabilitation,shorten hospital stay,lower hospitalization expenditure,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

Aim To investigate the effect of GW0742 on the endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose
(glucose at 55 mmol · L -1 )in isolated rat thoracic aorta and its related mechanisms.Methods The end
othelium-dependent relaxation of acetylcholine was per-formed in the absence or presence of GW0742 at differ-ent concentrations under high glucose condition.The structure of aorta was observed by HE staining.Moreo-ver,the content of NO was also measured by nitrate re-duction method.The mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and West-ern blot,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation was impaired by high glucose.Meanwhile,the structures of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were also in-terrupted.Furthermore, the expressions of PPARβmRNA and protein reduced while the NF-κB p65 ex-pression increased significantly which occurred in par-
allel with decreasing eNOS expression and NO concen-tration (P <0.01 ).GW0742 (0.01 ,0.1 ,1 μmol· L -1 )restored the relaxation of acetylcholine in a dose-dependent manner,and reversed the mRNA and pro-tein expression of PPARβ,NF-κB p65 and eNOS,as well as NO content (P <0.01 ).Conclusion GW0742 attenuates the injury of endothelial dysfunc-tion induced by high glucose,which may be,at least partly,mediated by the up-regulation of PPARβ,then the down-regulation of NF-κB,and the activation of eNOS-NO signal pathway.

Objective To summarize the treatment experiences in gastrointestinal leaJcage atter gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Mehods From January 1997 to December 2006 the clinical data of 37 cases of gastrointestinal leakage including anastomotic leakage in 19 cases and duodenal stump leakage in 18 after gastrectomy for gastric cancer in People's Liberation Army General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results All of the Cases were treated with abdominal drainage,continuous gastrointinal decomnression and parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition.There were 32 cases receiving glutamine enrichment nutrition support,31 ases used somatostatin,13 cases received supplemented recombinarlt human growth hormone.Fistula healed in 21～30 d in 9 cases after gastrectomy,in the other 24 cases fistula healed in 30-60 d,while it healed in 60～81 d in the remaining 2 cases.Two died of leakage associated complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer including anastomotlc leakage follwing esophagojejunostomy complicated by severe thoracic and lung infection in one and duodenal stump leakage complicated by severe abdominal cavity sepsis and hemorrhage in the other. Conclusion Patent and effective abdominal cavity drainage,continuous gastrointestinal decompression,parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition,glutarnine,somatostafin and recombinant human growth hormone are the'mportant factors for the healing of gastrointestinal leakage after gastrectomy tor gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of liver and lung injury in mouse septic models.Methods:Twenty-four male Kunming mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)or sham operation.The permeability of microvasculature,water contents,activities of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and the apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells in lung microvasculature and liver sinus were examined 3 h and 12 h after operation.Results:Both the liver and lung showed a significant increase in microvessel permeability at 12 h in CLP group compared with sham operation group.MPO activity and water content in CLP group were obviously higher than those in the sham operation group.The apoptosis of lung microvascular endothelial cells at 12 h in CLP group(5.03?0.92)% was significantly higher than that of control group(3.48?1.21)%(P

BACKGROUND: Individual three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds can be constructed by 3D printing via Computer Aided Design based on the given anatomical measurements of related tissues. A rapid and accurate reconstruction of bone, cartilage, muscle and vessel also can be achieved by 3D printing; however, many problems still remain unsolved.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the principle and classification of 3D printing, the classification, characteristics and histocompatibility of scaffolds through reviewing the articles addressing 3D printing applied in bone tissue engineering,thereby providing theoretical foundation for the study on the construction of tissue-engineered bone.METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved for the literatures regarding the application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering published from January 2001 to January 2017 using the keywords of three-dimensional printing, rapid prototyping manufacturing, bone tissue engineering in English and Chinese,respectively. Finally, 30 articles were reviewed and discussed in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microstructures of normal tissues can be reconstructed and seed cells are printed on the 3D scaffolds synchronously by 3D printing technology. Moreover, the scaffold degradation and cell differentiation are synchronous, which contributes to tissue repair. Biological ceramics have been widely used in bone tissue engineering because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the urgent problems such as angiogenesis and cellular signal transduction still need to be addressed.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Shoulder Dislocation ; therapy ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries ; Young Adult

The genetic diversity of three Tibetan herbs, i. e., Sang-Di, E-Dewa and Ye-Xingba (Tibetan names), was studied based on the field collection, specimen identification and DNA sequence analysis. Swertia hispidicalyx, Gentiana lhassica and Scrophularia dentata, as the original plants of the three Tibetan herbs, were collected and identified. The regions of ITS, matK, rbcL, rpoC1, trnL(UAA), psbA-trnH, atpB-rbcL, trnS (GCU)-trnG(UCC), rpl20-rps12, trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) and nadl 2nd intron were amplified and sequenced. The ITS regions of S. hispidicalyx and S. dentata were cloned and sequenced, and the sequences were classified into different genotypes. All the sequences were analyzed and compared with those of closely related species. Our studies may provide reference for the genetic diversity analysis and molecular identification of the three Tibetan herbs.
Genetic Variation ; Gentiana ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Scrophularia ; classification ; genetics ; Swertia ; classification ; genetics ; Tibet

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of endotoxin concentration in dwellings on the prevalence of atopic asthma in children.

METHODSStandardized questionnaires of asthma were distributed to the parents of 2986 school children aged between 8 and 12 years and endotoxin content in children's mattress was measured by a kinetic limulus assay. A radioallergosorbent technique--fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (RAST-FEIA) was used to measure the level of specific IgE in serum.

RESULTSComplete data was available for 904 children with males more than females. There were both negative associations seen between endotoxin levels and both atopic asthma (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32-0.72, P < 0.05) and atopic sensitization (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.94, P < 0.05) but not with non-atopic asthma and wheeze. Comparing with normal people, patients with atopic sensitization, atopic wheeze and atopic asthma had a higher levels of endotoxin (M-W U: 15 138.0, P < 0.01, M-W U: 4858.0, P < 0.01, M-W U: 4041.0, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExposure to endotoxin in early lives of children might have a protective effect on atopic asthma and sensitization.

Asthma ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Endotoxins ; blood ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; epidemiology ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Respiratory Sounds

Objective To evaluate the value of sonourethrography in the diagnosis of dysuria after bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy. Methods Sixty male patients with dysuria after bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy underwent sonourethrography and re-operation.The clinical data of these patients were reviewed. Results The sonourethrographic findings were similar with the operative findings in 57 cases.In the 60 cases,there were 11 cases with bladder neck closure,10 cases with bladder neck stricture,30 cases with urethral stricture (16 located at membranous urethra,12 located at pars cavernosa urethra and 2 in external orifice of urethra),5 cases with prostate remnant,1 case with calculi in prostatic urethra,2 cases with dysfunction of detrusor of bladder and 1 case with flap of internal urethral orifice,Conclusions Sonourethrography could be a reliable diagnostic method for dysuria after bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy.It may be helpful for clinical treatment.