BackgroundThe research of corneal thickness after pars plana vitrectomy in DM patient plays an important role not only theoretically but clinically.Objective Present study was to evaluate the change in corneal thickness after pars plana vitrectomy.Methods A prospective coherent study was designed.Seventy-five eyes of 70 consecutive diabetic retinopathy(DR) patients were collected in Tianjin Medical University Eye Center.Pentacam was used to assess the central and periphery corneal thickness by the same investigator preoperatively and 7 days,1 and 3 months postoperatively,respectively.The thickness values from five corneal zone were obtained,including cornea vertex,the thinnest point of the cornea,periphery cornea near the scleral incision of 4 mm away to vertex of cornea on vertical and 240°,120°,60° meridian ( right eye) or 300°,120°,60° meidian ( left eye ).These results were compared and analyzed with ANOVA of repeated measurement data.Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of different corneal positions,the use of conventional 20g or 23g transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy(TSV) groups,surgery duration,gas or fluid endotamponde on corneal thickness.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of this hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects before any relative medical procedure.Results The mean corneal thickness was ( 639.9 ± 103.1 ),( 689.5 ± 119.3 ),( 666.5 ±113.7),( 650.8 ± 108.6 ) μm before operation,postperative 7 days,1 and 3 months respectively.As covariates appearing in the model,the corneal thickness change rates were revised as the parameters as following: diabeitc duration =13.0 and age =57.2.The revised corneal thickness was significant different among various time points( F=210.928,P=0.000) and different corneal zones(F=24.843,P=0.000) with the size order in turn P4＞P3＞P1＞P2＞P5.The corneal thickness change rates were less in 23g TSV group compared with conventional 20-g group (F =53.843,P =0.000) and BSS tamponade group compared with gas tamponade group ( F =5.288,P =0.022).But no significant difference was found in the revised corneal thickness among surgery duration ＜ 1 hour group,1-2 hour group and ＞2 hour group( F=1.233,P =0.293).ConclusionsVitrectomy is a safe procedure on the ground of cornea,but TSV and fluid endotamponade appear to be more beneficial to the protection of cornea.Pentacam could offer the reliable data in not only central cornea but also periphery cornea.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on the expression of Aurora-A in SKOV3 cells and on proliferation of SKOV3 cells.Methods:Two pairs of oligo small interference RNA (Oligo siRNA) specific for Aurora-A were designed for RNAi and were transferred into SKOV3 cells.The expression of Aurora-A were de- tected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Furthermore,the cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed by MTT and FCM af- ter transfection.Results:After transfection with Oligo siRNA,mRNA and protein level of Aurora-A gene in SKOV3 cells were obviously reduced,while the inhibitory rate of proliferation and apoptosis rate in SKOV3 cells were increased signifi- cantly.Conclusion:The Oligo siRNA specific for Aurora-A can reduce the expression of Aurora-A gene and induce apop- tosis of SKOV3 cells.

Objective To observe the sensitivity ofastrocytoma to chemotherapeutic drugs, in order to explore the drug selection using chemosensitivity testing in vitro on astrocytoma. Comparing different WHO grade astrocytoma to chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity differences,providing the basis data for clinical treatment. Methods The astrocytoma cells were seperated and cultured in vitro from 142 tumor tissues by glioma resection, including 55 cases of low-grade astrocytoma (WHO grade Ⅰ , Ⅱ) and 87 cases of high-grade astrocytoma (WHO grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ). The proliferation inhibition and chemosensitivity of tumor cells to 11 drugs were investigated by using MTT method. Results There were 54.93% (78/142) patients recommended chemotherapeutic drug in 142 cases. The percentage was 41.82%(23/55) in the low-grade astrocytoma, and 63.22% (55/87) in the high-grade astrocytoma respectively. Teniposide,carboplatin,vincristine as the sensitive drugs were similar in different WHO grade astrocytoma. Conclusions The chemosensitivity testing could be used to filtrate sensitive drugs to clinical chemotherapy. The action is more prominent in high-grade astrocytoma than in low-grade astrocytoma. There is no difference in the choice of sensible drugs among different WHO grade astrocytoma.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare solid supersaturatable self-emulsifying drug delivery system of vinpocetine(VIN-S-sSEDDS) and to study its characteristics in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: VIN-S-sSEDDS was prepared by spray drying using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC) as supersaturation promoter and dextran-40 as solid carrier.VIN-S-sSEDDS was compared with conventional self-emulsifying drug delivery system containing vinpocetine(VIN-SEDDS) in respects of particle size,in vitro dissolution and bioavailability in rats(ig.).RESULTS: The particle size of VIN-S-sSEDDS(58.78 nm) was smaller than that of VIN-SEDDS(65.12 nm).The accumulative dissolution of VIN-S-sSEDDS within 2 h(88.7%) was higher than that of VIN-SEDDS(58.2%).The bioavailability of VIN-S-sSEDDS in rats(2.30) was higher than that of VIN-SEDDS(1.63).CONCLUSION: Prepared VIN-S-sSEDDS could apparently improve the dissolution and bioavailability of VIN,and it is superior to conventional self-emulsifying preparation.

After more than3 years of pilot (since 2010), standardized training of resident physicians in Shanghai has made great progress, however, it still needs to be improved. Cerebral and spinal vascular diseases are main types of neurological diseases and they seriously influence people's life and health. Interventional neuroradiology plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral and spinal vascular diseases. However, in the current residency training system in Shanghai or other provinces of China, the training of interventional neuroradiology is not included. In this paper, the authors analyzed the important role of interventional neuroradiology in diagnosis and treatment of cerebral and spinal vascular disorders and discussed the feasibility, method, and time arrangement of including interventional neuroradiology curriculum into the schedule of neurology standardizedresidency training and hoped to provide reference for the relevant departments to formulate a future policy.

Objective This study aims to explore the application value of tuberculosis T lymphocytes enzyme-linked immune SPOT test (T-SPOT.TB) on early diagnosis of tuberculosis.Methods The TB infection in 189 inpatients suspected tuberculosis in pneumology department of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital was detected with T-SPOT.TB,fluorescence RQPCR,tuberculosis (TB-Ab)protein chip and PPD methods.Results The sensitivity of four methods was 91.54％ (119/130),73.85％(96/130),63.08％(82/130) and 57.69％ (75/130) respectively and the specificity of those was 89.83％ (53/59),86.44％(51/59),67.79％(40/59) and 66.10％(39/59),respectively.The sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB method was statistically higher than those of other three tests,respectively (P＜0.05).The specificity of T-SPOT.TB was significantly higher than those of TB-AB and PPD (P＜0.05),but there was no statistical difference between RQ-PCR and T-SPOT.TB (P＞0.05).The positive predictive values of T-SPOT.TB,fluorescent quantitative PCR,TB-Ab and PPD assays were 95.2％ (119/1250),92.3％ (96/104),81.2％ (82/101) and 78.9％ (75/95) respectively while the negative predictive values of those were 82.8％ (53/64),60％ (51/85),45.5％ (40/88) and 41.5％ (39/94),respectively.The false-positive rates (misdiagnosis rate) of four assays were 10.2％ (6/59),13.6％ (8/59),32.2％ (19/59) and 33.9％ (20/59) respectively and the false-negative rates (rates of missed diagnosis) of those were 8.5％ (11/130),26.2％ (34/130),36.9％ (48/130)and 42.3 ％ (55/130),respectively.The negative likelihood ratios of T SPOT.TB,fluorescent quantitative PCR,TB-Ab and PPD assays were 0.11,0.16,0.48 and 0.51 respectively,meanwhile the positive likelihood ratios of T-SPOT.TB,fluorescent quantitative PCR,TB-Ab andPPD assays were 9.0,5.4,2.0 and 1.7,respectively.What' s more,the diagnostic accordance rates of the four assays were 91.0％ (172 189),77.8％ (147 189).64.6％ (122/189) and 60.3％ (114/189),respectively.Conclusion T-SPOT.TB test is a more sensitive and specific method and of great significance to the early diagnosis of TB,which has more clinical value in different stages of tuberculosis diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Individual three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds can be constructed by 3D printing via Computer Aided Design based on the given anatomical measurements of related tissues. A rapid and accurate reconstruction of bone, cartilage, muscle and vessel also can be achieved by 3D printing; however, many problems still remain unsolved.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the principle and classification of 3D printing, the classification, characteristics and histocompatibility of scaffolds through reviewing the articles addressing 3D printing applied in bone tissue engineering,thereby providing theoretical foundation for the study on the construction of tissue-engineered bone.METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved for the literatures regarding the application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering published from January 2001 to January 2017 using the keywords of three-dimensional printing, rapid prototyping manufacturing, bone tissue engineering in English and Chinese,respectively. Finally, 30 articles were reviewed and discussed in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microstructures of normal tissues can be reconstructed and seed cells are printed on the 3D scaffolds synchronously by 3D printing technology. Moreover, the scaffold degradation and cell differentiation are synchronous, which contributes to tissue repair. Biological ceramics have been widely used in bone tissue engineering because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the urgent problems such as angiogenesis and cellular signal transduction still need to be addressed.

It is important to investigate the mechanical effects of morphology of prostatic urethra (PU) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PU and bladder neck transverse diameter ratio (RPU-1), which related to vortex, and their influence on urine flow were observed by CFD. The results showed that vortexes appeared and expanded with increasing RPU on both sides of PU when RPU-1>0.79, and velocity of external urethral orifice decreased gradually. CFD is an available method for urodynamics research. The quantitative simulation of the relationship between RPU-1 and vortex was proposed for the first time, providing a new idea for advancing theory of PU lumen repair in BPH.

By using the Medical Case Inquiry System and registries of infant's birth,the number of women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and the total number of women delivering in the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing Xinqiao Hospital,and Chongqing Health Center For Women and Children from 2005 to 2009 were obtained.The data of 540 pregnant women with GDM were further analyzed.From 2005 to 2009,the incidence of GDM increased from 2.29% to 3.81 %(P<0.05).The diagnosis of GDM was made earlier by 28.0 weeks in 2009 compared with 31.3 weeks in 2005(P<0.05).Body mass index during GDM diagnosis manifested a growing trend(25.6-28.1 kg/m2),but no significance(P>0.05).From 2005 to 2009,the other related factors,including the average maternal age,the constituent ratio of women with advanced maternal age,pregnancy history,delivery history,and family history of diabetes showed insignificant changes(P>0.05).

ObjectiveTo introduce the indications and operative procedure of anatomic reconstruction of the distal radioulnar ligaments in patients with chronic instability of the distal radioulnar joint(DRUJ),and report its preliminary clinical results.Methods From October 2008 to June 2009,6 patients with instability of the DRUJ underwent anatomical reconstruction using a free palmaris longus tendon graft,including 4 males and 2 females with an average age of 22 years.A 5 cm dorsal incision was made between the fifth and sixth extensor compartments.An L-shaped flap was created in the DRUJ capsule.This flap is then elevated proximally to expose the articular surface of the DRUJ and the proximal triangular fibular cartilage complex(TFCC).A tunnel was made through the radius.The other tunnel was made between the ulnar neck and the fovea of the ulnar head.A whole-length palmaris longus tendon graft was taken.The volar opening of the radius tunnel was exposed through a longitudinal incision radial to the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon.One end of the graft was pulled to the palmar side easily through the tunnel.A hemostat was penetrated through the volar capsule to the volar side proximal to the remaining TFCC.The end of the graft was grasped with the hemostat and pulled back along this tract.Both graft limbs were passed through the ulnar tunnel to exit at the ulnar neck.One limb of the tendon was passed around the ulnar neck and deep to the ECU sheath.With the forearm in neutral rotation,the limbs were pulled taut,tied together,and secured with sutures.Immobilize the extremity in a long-arm plaster splint with the forearm in neutral position for 4 weeks,and changed to a short arm cast for an additional four weeks.ResultsThe average follow-up period for all 6 patients was 14 months(range,9-24).No infection and sensory nerve branch disturbance occurred.The pain symptom was reduced and the grip force was improved significantly.A functional evaluation was performed using the modified Mayo wrist scoring system.All patients had better wrist scores postoperatively in the short (mean,95) term compared to preoperatively(mean,69).Five patients satisfied with the final result.Conclusion Anatomic reconstruction of the distal radioulnar ligaments is indicated for chronic DRUJ instability without osteoarthritis,it is a reliable method with a very good short term follow up result.Restoration of the radioulnar ligaments offers the best possibility to restore the normal DRUJ primary constraints and kinematics.