Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aluminum Compounds ; poisoning ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Phosphines ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Atropine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Foodborne Diseases ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Pesticide Residues ; poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Treatment Outcome

Acute Disease ; Coma ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of human and animal plague in Zhangye city from 1982 to 2011,and further explore the prevention and control policies and measures to control the spread of the disease.Methods The trends of human and animal plague were studied by retrospective survey in Zhangye city.Information of animal and human plague epidemic and prevention and control measures were collcoted and assessed with epidemiology methods,and the density of rodents,the rodents infected with flea,flea index and other indicators were calculated.Results 1982-2011,there were 6 cases of human plague incidence of 6 cases,of which 2 cases cured,4 cases died,the mortality rate was 67％; detection of Yersinia pestis from the captured 5167 animals was 93 strains from 1982 to 2011,the detection rate was 1.80％; 29 840 various vector insects were collected from the body surface of the 5167 animals captured,21 206 hole dries,and three marmot dens.A total of 7050 groups of Marmota parasites and hole stem fleas were inspected,52 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated,and the average detection rate was 0.74％; 3912 marmot serums were detected,178 were positive,and the positive rate was 4.55％.Conclusions The prevention and control of plague is still very grim in Zhangye city.It is recommended to take publicity,education and active surveillance measures in the future to deal with emergencies and other.

In this study, the variation of pharmacokinetics behavior of raltitrexed (RTX) in rats after repeatedly injected with Huangqi injection was investigated. Twelve SD rats were divided into two groups: the multidose group and the RTX group. Rats in multidose group were iv. injected with Huangqi injection (dose of 1.575 mL x kg(-1)) everyday at 8 am for a week, and had free accesses for food and water. The rats were fasted for food but not water since 8 h before the eighth day. At the eighth morning, firstly, rats were injected with Huangqi injection (dose of 1.575 mL x kg(-1)), and 5 min later, were injected with RTX (dose of 0.467 mg x kg(-1)); rats in RTX group were not disposed in the previous seven days, also had free accesses for food and water, and were iv. injected with raltitrexed at the same time as Multidose group at the eighth day morning. Rat plasma was collected at different time and processed with methanol to precipitate the protein before HPLC assays. The pharmacokinetics parameters for two groups were calculated by software 3P97. Through the observation of drug concentration in plasma and time curve, we found that at almost every time point the concentration of RTX in plasma in multidose group was lower than the RTX group. When comparing the pharmacokinetics parameters between the multidose group and the RTX group, the average of AUC(0-t) and half-life(t1/2) of multidose group were decreased from 56 080 microg x min x L(-1) and 15.07 min to 35 834 microg x min x L(-1) and 8.95 min, respectively, while the clearance (CL) was increased from 0.51 to 0.83 mL x h(-1). Therefore, it could be deduced that repeatedly injected with AR injection may influence the renal excretion and glycometabolism of RTX, thus change pharmacokinetics behavior of raltitrexed in rats plasma. This result may give us a hint to prudantly manage the drug combination of RTX and Huangqi injection.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Injections ; Male ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiophenes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo obtain peptides binding specifically to Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) from a phage-displayed random peptide library.

METHODS(1) A phage-displayed random hexapeptide library was screened with PSA as target. (2) Dot blot was used to analyze the influence of the alpha-Met-D-mannoside on binding between PSA and phage-displayed peptides. (3) Three peptides (RMWSF, RYDYSY, LRLRQL) were selectively synthesized, and different concentrations were used to inhibit PSA and ConA binding to the HRP.

RESULTSThe enrichment occurred obviously after three rounds of screening. The insert sequences of amino acids, displayed on 22 phage DNAs from the third round of screening, were divided into three groups. The binding of phage-displayed peptides to PSA was specific as shown by dot blot and could be inhibited by alpha-Met-D-mannoside. LRLRQL was not dissolved in water. ARMWSF and RYDYSY inhibited binding of PSA to HRP, but failed to inhibit binding ConA to HRP.

CONCLUSIONThe binding site of peptides ARMWSF and RYDYSY is different to that of alpha-Met-D-mannoside.

Binding Sites ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Plant Lectins ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To analyse 73 medical malpractice cases of pediatrics for discussing the importance of forensic pathology in solving the issues such as medical malpractice of pediatrics. Methods From January 2002 to August 2016, 73 medical malpractice cases of pediatrics with age of death between 28 days old and 10 years old were collected from Institute of Judical Expertise of Nanjing Medical University. The relationship between causes of death and related medical institutions was retrospectively analysed. Results In 73 cases, the male to female ratio was 1.70:1, and ages of 28 days old to 1 year old were com-mon (26 cases, 35.62％), followed by ages between 1 year old and 3 years old (21 cases, 28.77％). In 71 cases which had been determined the cause of death by postmortem examination, the main cause of death was disease, especially respiratory diseases (33 cases, 46.48％), followed by cardiovascular diseases (12 cases, 16.90％). In 75 medical institutes which involved with these medical malpractices, most were tertiary medical institutes (32, 42.67％), followed by the sub-secondary (excluding the secondary) medi-cal institutions (23, 30.67％). The clinical diagnosis of 38 cases (52.05％) completely or mostly corre-sponded with the pathological findings. There were 35 cases (47.95％) undefined or misdiagnosed cases. Conclusion Autopsy and forensic pathological examination contribute to determine causes of death, which not only provide scientific evidence for medical malpractice of pediatrics, but also enrich and develop clinical medical knowledge, and thus improve diagnosis and treatment level in a certain extent.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hysteria ; epidemiology ; Schools

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the activities of energy metabolism enzymes and contraction capacity of diaphragm from type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSForty SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=30). Type 2 diabetes models were induced by feeding with high-sucrose-high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injecting 25 mg/kg streptozotocin. 20 successful models were rearranged to two groups: diabetic group and GbE treatment group, 10 rats in each. Then the saline and 8 mg/(kg x d) of GbE were respectively intraperitoneal injected, once a day continuously for 8 weeks. Then diaphragm contractility was assessed using Peak twitch tension (Pt), Maximum tetanic tension (P0) and fatigue index (FI) in vitro diaphragm strip preparations. Cytochrome oxidase (CCO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in diaphragm were detected and the varieties of diaphragm ultrastructure were observed.

RESULTSCompared with control group, Pt, P0 and FI in diabetic group decreased significantly (P < 0.01); the activity of CCO, LDH and SDH in the tissues was more obviously reduced than those in control group (P < 0.01). The ultrastructure in diabetic group under electron microscope indicated that diaphragm mitochondrions swelled and degenerated. The above changes were inhibited by GbE.

CONCLUSIONGbE can enhance contraction capacity of diaphragm from type 2 diabetic rats by increasing the aerobic oxidation capacity, glycolytic capacity and the function of respiratory chain.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Diaphragm ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To assess the dietary pattern and quality of residents in Zhejiang province.Methods 21 52 residents aged 1 8 -79 years old were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method and the data from Chinese nutrition status monitoring project during 201 0 -201 2 was used.The results were evaluated using Chinese diet balance index.Results 41.08% of the residents in Zhejiang province was mild diet imbalance and 50.79% was middle diet imbalance while insufficient and excessive intakes were coexist.Mild and middle insufficient intakes were accounted for 66.1 7%and 27.88%respectively,while mild excessive intake was accounted for 35.55%.The diet balance indexes including DBI-LBS,DBI-HBS and DBI-DQD were 46.00,26.00 and 57.00 respectively.The dietary quality of males,rural areas was lower while residents aged 40 -49 years had the lowest dietary quality.There was positive correlation between dietary quality and degree of education (P<0.05 ).The main dietary pattern of residents in Zhejiang was pattern B (62.41%)following by pattern A (26.44%).Conclusion Insufficient and excessive intakes coexist among residents in Zhejiang province.Male,living in rural areas,people aged 40 -49 years or with lower degree of education should be taken as target intervention subjects.