Objective To investigate the effect of adenosine on pulmonary injury after extracorporeal circulation. Methods Twelve mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups, the test group and control group. The model of extracorporeal circulation was established. In the test group and control group, adenosine(50μg/kg*min) and normal saline were infused before extracorporeal circulation respectively. Hemodynamics, right cardiac function and arterial blood gas were assessed. Lung water and malondialdehyde content were assessed. Histological evaluation was also made. Results　There were no differences between the two groups with respect to heart rate, mean systemic artery pressure, left atrial pressure, and central venous pressure. In the test group, pulmonary vascular resistance was lower and right cardiac function improved remarkably; arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was also higher, less lung water was observed and the malondialdehyde content in the pulmonary tissue was lower (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Histological evaluation of the test group revealed normal pulmonary architecture without abundant intra-alveolar neutrophils. Conclusion Adenosine can attenuate ischemia-reperfusion lung injury and right cardiac insufficiency caused by extracorporeal circulation. At a proper dose, there was no significant effect on systemic hemodynamics.

Animals ; Critical Illness ; Enterovirus A, Human ; pathogenicity ; Enterovirus Infections ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; diagnosis ; therapy ; virology ; Humans

ObjectiveTo investigate personal reflections of head nurses on 360-degree performance assessment system. Method Twenty-three head nurses being involved in 360-degree performance assessment received semi-structured interviews and the data were analyzed with content analysis.ResultThe head nurses were positive about the assessment system,believing that the assessment system was helpful for detecting the weak links of daily work and thinking that the assessment indexes varied in weights with different clinical disciplines.ConclusionsThe 360-degree performance assessment was beneficial for ability promotion of head nurses and continuous improvement of nursing quality.Hospital administrators should continuously improve and promote 360-degree performance assessment system.

Objective It remains a controversy whether 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is associated with colon cancer stem cells.This study was to investigate the effect of the 5-LOX inhibitor MK886 in maintaining the stemness of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29.Methods Using CCK-8 assay, we examined the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of MK886 (12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 μmol/L) on the colon cancer HT-29 cells cultured in vitro and calculated its half-inhibitory concentration (IC50).Then, we detected the effects of MK886 IC50 on the clone-and sphere-forming abilities of the cells, determined the mRNA expressions of the stemness markers CD133, Lgr5, Oct4 and Ascl2 by real-time PCR after 24 and 48 hours of MK886 IC50 intervention, and measured their protein expressions by Western blotting after 24, 48 and 72 hours of MK886 IC50 intervention.Results The inhibition rates of MK886 on the HT-29 cells at 24 and 48 hours were significantly increased in a time-and dose-dependent manner ([14.99±3.06] and [19.98±0.57]％ at 12.5 μmol/L, [20.46±1.14] and [34.97±6.02]％ at 25 μmol/L, [50.76±5.94] and [66.90±5.74]％ at 50 μmol/L, [66.84±1.77] and [73.11±2.48]％ at 75 μmol/L, [72.67±2.36] and [77.78±3.30]％ at 100 μmol/L, [83.67±0.24] and [84.69±2.24] ％ at 200 μmol/L) as compared with the blank control (0％ and 0％) (P<0.05).The clone-forming rate and number of spheres formed were remarkably lower in the MK886 intervention than in the control group ([10.60±1.71] vs [44.67±3.21]％, P<0.05;6.00±1.60 vs 19.07±2.89, P<0.05).After 24 and 48 hours of MK886 intervention, the mRNA expression of CD133 in the HT-29 cells was markedly up-regulated in comparison with that at 0 hour (0.72±0.10 and 0.39±0.07 vs 1.66±0.33, P<0.05), and so were those of Lgr5, Oct4 and Ascl2 (P<0.05).Conclusion The 5-LOX inhibitor MK886 can inhibit the proliferation and clone-and sphere-forming abilities of human colon cancer HT-29 cells by down-regulating the expressions of the stemness markers and thus suppressing the stemness of the colon cancer stem cells.

Objective To study the interrelation between highly pathogenic avian influenza viral pneumonia(HPAIVP) and cellular factors interleukin-1?(IL-1?),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8)and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in HPAIVP.Me-thods Sixty Kunming mice were divided into 2 groups randomly:experiment group and control group,each group consisted of 30 mice.The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was used to establish HPAIDP models.The expressions of serum IL-1?,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-? in experiment group of different moment and control group were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Result The levels of serum IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? in experiment group were significantly higher than those in control group(Pa

5 days.Blood gas analysis and blood pressure were determined at admitted day.Meanwhile,peripheral white blood cells at d1,3,5,and blood glucose were measured every day,respectively.GCS at d1,3,5 and hyperglycemia scorce(HS) were evaluated.Results Of the 82 studied patients,36 cases died.Univariate analysis showed that hypotension,lower GCS,higher peripheral white blood cells and HS were the independent death risk factors(Pa0.05).In multivariate logistic regression,the factors significantly associated with an increase in mortality were hypotension,lower GCS and higher HS.Conclusion Lower GCS,higher HS and hypotension are associated with poor outcome of children with severe trauma brain injury.

Objective To analyze the trend of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and cause of death in Shanghai from 1996 to 2015.Methods To collect the material about the maternal death and the maternal death audit from 1996 to 2015,and to analyze the MMR,the cause of death and the result of the maternal death audit of Shanghai from 1996 to 2015 retrospectively.Results (1) The change of MMR:the MMR in Shanghai decreased from 28.84 per 100000 live births in 1996 to 6.66 per 100000 live births in 2015.(2) The characteristic of maternal death:the proportion of Shanghai citizens was 27.4％(121/441) and the proportion of migrant women was 72.6％(320/441).The women with advanced maternal age was 8.2％(20/243) since 1996 to 2005,and increased to 16.7％ (33/198) since 2006 to 2015.Maternal deaths during pregnancy increased from 27.6％(67/243) in the first 10 years (1996-2005) to 35.4％(70/198) in the recent 10 years(2006-2015).The intrapartum maternal deaths was 6.2％(15/243) in the first 10 years and in the recent 10 years it was zero.The proportion of postpartum deaths in the first 10 years and in the recent 10 years were 66.3％ (161/243) and 64.6％(128/198) respectively.(3) The cause of maternal death:During the recent 10 years,indirect obstetric causes [63.1％(125/198)] was more than direct obstetric causes [36.9％(73/198)] for the first time.The death causes changed significantly.Postpartum hemorrhage remained the leading cause of maternal deaths,but the specific mortality rate (SMR) of postpartum hemorrhage decreased significantly from 7.42 per 100000 live births in the first 10 years to 1.51 per 100000 live births in the recent 10 years.The maternal deaths because of heart disease and cerebrovascular disease rose to the second and the forth reasons.(4) Maternal death audit:the avoidable maternal death ratio decreased from 3.66 per 100000 live births in the first 10 years to 1.86 per 100 000 live births in the recent 10 years.Conclusions During the past 20 years,the MMR of Shanghai decreased significantly and was close to the level of developed countries.In recent years,the causes of maternal death become more complicated.With the implementation of the second child policy,women with high risk factors increase,so government investment,policy support should be strengthened to optimize the management.

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of resistin in subcutaneous adipose tissue and its effect on glycometabolism in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Fifty-six SD rats were randomly divided into TBI group (n =48) and control group (n =8) according to the random number table.mRNA and protein expressions of resistin in subcutaneous adipose tissue were detected with real-time PCR and Western-blot.Concentrations of serum insulin and serum fasting blood glucose were evaluated using the ELISA method and quantitative estimation of insulin sensitivity was performed.Indices measured and their correlations were statistically analyzed.Results Levels of the resistin,serum insulin and FBG were significantly higher in TBI group than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Quantitative estimation of insulin sensitivity lowered in TBI group compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Single factor linear correlation analysis showed negative correlation between resistin expression and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index in TBI group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Resistin is shown to have significant expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and involve in glycometabolism.Obviously,resistin may play a significant role in insulin resistance after TBI in rats.

Objective To observe the effect of Guanxinning Tablet (GXNT) on myocardial infarction and cardiac autonomic nervous function in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI).Methods Seventy SD rats were divided into 7 groups randomly (n=10);the sham group, the MI/RI group, 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg GXNT groups and 300 mg/kg Compound Danshen Tablets (DST) group.All rats were administered orally for 7 days, and then the MI/RI model was made by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery in rats.The changes of electrocardiogram were recorded and the electrocardiogram of J points and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed.At the end of reperfusion, the myocardial infarct size was measured by using Evans blue and tetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining, and pathological changes of myocardium were observed by HE staining.The changes of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were also detected.Results Compared with MI/RI group, GXNT and DST groups were significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and inhibited the rising of serum LDH and CK activities (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and also reduced the total or average value of J point during reperfusion (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).Meanwhile, GXNT and DST groups were markedly increased HRV and serum NO level as well as decreased serum MDA content (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and improved myocardial tissue pathology.Conclusions GXNT can reduce the myocardial infarction in rats with MI/RI, and also improve the cardiac autonomic nervous function.