Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of gatifloxacin gel to bacterial conjunctivitis. Methods Double-blind and random selection were designed for the study,with levofloxacin gel as the control medicine.Thirty-six eyes of the experimental group and 36 of the control group were eligible for evaluation.Each eye received the gel one drop a time and three times per day.The gels were applied to the conjunctiva sac for 7 d. Results The clinic effectiveness of experimental group and control group were 88.89% and 91.67%,which indicated no significant difference.Microbial eradication rates were 90.48% and 93.75%,no significant difference either.Safety composite scores were similar between groups. Conclusion Gatifloxacin ophthalmic gel is safe and effective for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis,and contains certain clinical value.

Objective To evaluate the possibility of keyhole approaches for surgical treatment of petroclival meningiomas. Methods We retrospectively analyzed our experience in 14 cases with petroclival meningiomas surgically treated from May 2003 to January 2004. Eight tumors involved the upper and middle clivus.five tumors were attached to the entire width of clivus and one tumor involved the middle and lower cilvus. The tumors infiltrated into parasella regions or cavernous sinus in six cases simultaneously. Retrosigmoidal keyhole approach was selected to remove the tumors in 6 cases, and subtemporal keyhole approach was selected in 2 cases,while the combined retrosigmoidal and subtemporal keyhole approaches were applied in other six cases. Results Gross total resections of the tumors were achieved in 8 cases, subtotal resections in 4 cases, large resection in two cases who had recurrent tumors. Postoperatively, neurological intact or unchanged were found in 8 cases. The main surgical complications were mild facial palsy (4 cases) , abducent dificits (3 cases) ,temporary oculomotor nerve dificits (2 cases),and lower cranial nerve palsy (1 case). One patient died from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) two weeks after surgey. There were no CSF leakage and infections after surgery in all cases 11 to 19 months follow-up studies demonstrated the great improvement of the Ⅲ and Ⅶ nerve deficits,but minor improvement in the Ⅵ nerve deficits. Conclusion According to the location and extension of the tumors, retrosigmoidal or subtemporal keyhole approaches or their combined can be selected for surgical treatment. These keyhole approaches can expose sufficiently the petroclival region, shorten the surgical time, and minimize the complications. Combined usage of minimally invasive techniques including the keyhole approach and radiosurgey in the treatment of the petroclival meningiomas is suggested.

Objective To construct the fibroblast-specific non-viral vector pcDNA3-CEP-BMP-2 containing collagen 1A2 enhancer and promoter,and to validate the enhancement of BMP-2 expression in the human dermal fibroblasts by this vector,compared with the routine non-viral BMP2 vector. Methods The sequences for collagen 1A2 enhancer and promotor,and BMP-2 gene were ligated into the pcDNA3 plasmids.The plasmids were transfected into human skin fibroblasts and vein endothelial cells by means of cationic liposomes.The expressions of the plasmids in these two kinds of cells were detected by RT-PCR.The osteogenic phonotypes of fibroblasts were determined.(Results)pcDNA3-CEP-BMP-2,which contained collagen 1A2 enhancer and promoter could enhance the BMP-2 expression in the fibroblasts but not in vein endothelial cells.Osteogenetic phenotypes were more obvious in the fibroblasts transfected with pcDNA3-CEP-BMP-2 than in pcDNA3-BMP-2-transfected ones. Conclusion Collagen 1A2 enhancer and promoter can enhance BMP2 expression in fibroblasts.

Objective To evaluate the application of echocardiography in the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve and its pathophysiologic development and to demonstrate the degree of aortic valve dysfunction. Methods The echocardiographic characteristics and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 135 patients with bicuspid aortic valve to demonstrate the variation of aortic valve dysfunction in the progression of the course of the disease. Results Isolated aortic regurgitation was present in 68 (50%) patients, 19 (14%)patients had isolated aortic stenosis and 29 (22%)patients had combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation, 19 (14%) patients had neither stenosis nor regurgitation. Aortic regurgitation were all more commen within each age group, aortic regurgitation were also more commen within each age group in patients in their advanced course who went to surgical treatment. Conclusions Echocardiography is an effective method in the early diagnosis of aortic valve dysfunction.

two-dimensional strain echocardiography can observe dynamic change of regional systolic function,combined with the two methods can more accurately assess the treatment results of coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: Exogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) can repair nerve and promote recovery of neurofunction following cerebral hemorrhage.OBJECTIVE: To observe the growth and development of NSCs in vitro, to evaluate the survival, migration and differentiation of transplanted NSCs surrounding hematoma and the possible recovery function of NSCs, and to investigate the repairing effect of NSCs on damaged neurofunction in cerebral hemorrhage model rats.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design and controlled animal study,SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University.MATERIALS: Eighteen adult healthy male SD rats weighing 280-320 g were provided by Shanghai Animal Center of Chinese Science Academy. BrdU was provided by Neomarkers Company; rat-anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and rabbit-anti-microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) by Chemicon Company.METHODS: This study was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College,Fudan University from February to December 2006. The NSCs was isolated, cultured, and evaluated from hippocampus of day E14fetal SD rats. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into control group, PBS group and NSC transplantation group. Cerebralhemorrhage rat models were established via injection of autoiogous arterial blood in caudate nucleus. Thirty minutes after model establishment, 5 μ L NSC suspension with the concentration of 2×1011 L-1 was transplanted at four points surrounding hematoma cavity in the NSC transplantation group. Transplantation of PBS and NSCs was the same as autoblood transplantation. Thirty minutes after model establishment, injuries at the four points were performed, and nothing was injected in the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurofunction was evaluated with forward limb scale and turning scale just soon after transplantation and at 1, 3, 5, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. Brain was colleted by anesthesia 28 days after model establishment.Differentiation of transplanted NSCs was detected through testing GFAP, MAP-2, and BrdU by using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: ①Neurofunction scores: There was no significant difference 5 days after model establishment (P＞0.05). However, the scores were significantly improved in the NSC transplantation group 14-28 days after model establishment (P＜0.05).②lmmunofluorescent double labeling: Apoptosis ceils around hemotoma in the NSC transplantation group were less than those in the PBS group. BrdU and MAP-2 or GFAP-positive ceils were observed in cerebral tissue sections, and this suggested that NSCs could survive, migrate and differentiate in host brain and differentiate into neurons or astrocytes.CONCLUSION: NSC Transplantation contributes to the recovery of neurofunction in cerebral hemorrhage rats through differentiation into neurons or astrocytes.

Objective To review the experience of treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis(PVE)after mitral valve replacement(MVR)in 16 cases.Methods From September 1979 to December 2010,16 patients were diagnosed as PVE after MVR by modified Duke University diagnostic criteria.There were 10 males and 6 females.Their ages ranged from 19 to 55 years old(mean 28 years old).The incidence of PVE was 0.97％(16/1657)after MVR.Blood culture positive was in 5 cases.Medical treatment alone was performed in 10 patients who were treated by using Penicillin or Vancomycin with other broad-spectrum antibiotics,using Fluconazole and Amphotericin if necessary.Combined medical and surgical management were performed in 6 cases.One emergency case was operated because of obstinate heart failure.Five cases underwent operation after adequate antibiotics treatment and general condition improvement.The infective tissue and vegetation were aggressively debrided after the infective prosthetic valve removed.Before the new valve was replaced paravalvular tissue must be flushed with diluted iodine solution and large quantities of normal saline.Tricuspid valve repair (TVR)was performed during the same period in 3 cases.Results Hospital death occurred in 8 patients and only 2 patients were recovery in group with medical treatment only.The main reasons of death were infective shock and cardiac failure in 4 patients,cerebral complications(embolism or bleeding)and multiple organs failure in 4 cases.While 6 patients cured after combined medical and surgical management.Follow-up had been carried out in 8 cases for 1.7 to 15 years(mean 5.1 years).Eight years later one patient was re-operated because of severe tricuspid regurgitation and paravalvular leak.There was no PVE recurrence in others.Conclusion Combined medical and surgical management for PVE get a better result than medical treatment alone.Good prognosis lies in timely diagnosis,adequate antibiotics,aggressive debridement of infective tissue and better myocardium protection during operation.

Objective To investigate the value of myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE)combined with high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography(DSE)in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods The dobutamine stress MCE and SonoVue contrast infusion were performed before an elective percutaneous coronary intervention in 38 patients with suspected CAD.The total and regional perfusion were scored as normal or abnormal and attributed to the three main epicardial coronary arteries using a 16-segment left ventricular model.Results An intermediate stress level was obtained in 22(58%)patients,and 9(24%)patients were obtained with peak stress.Twenty seven of 38 patients were diagnosed as CAD by quantitative coronary angiography.A perfusion defect was detected in 89% of the patients at peak stress,compared to 37% at baseline,there was significant difference(χ2=15.565,P<0.01).ConclusionsThe MCE combined with DSE can increase the sensitivity of myocardial ischemia detection.As a new non-invasive method,MCE combined with DSE could be used in the early diagnosis of CAD.

Aim To observe the effect of hemodialysis on pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in thepatients contracting chronic renal failure. Methods Sparfloxacin concentrations inserum and urine of hemodialysis and non-dialysis patients were measured with a highperformance liquid chromatography method after administration a single oral dose of 200mg sparfloxacin. The pharmacokinetic parameters were computed with the programPKBP-N1.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters in hemodialysis group wereT1/2(ka) - (1. 25 ?0. 57) h, T1/2(?) = (11. 88?4. 13) h, Tpeak = (4. 18 ? 0. 78) h,Cmax = (0.80 ? 0. 17) mg? L-1 and AUC0-= (6. 90 ? 3. 25) mg?h?L-1, while innon-dialysis group were T1/ 2(ka) = (1. 12 ? 0. 42) h, T1/ 2(?) = (15. 93 ? 5. 20) h, Tpeak =(3. 88 ? 0. 75) h, Cmax = (0. 69 ? 0. 37) mg?L -1, AUC0-= (10.05 ? 4. 13) mg?h?L-l. The original sparfloxacin discharge rats in urine within 24 h were (8. 98 ? 3. 92) % and(10. 58 ? 5. 64) % separately. T1/2(?) and AUC in hemodialysis group were markedly lowerthan in non-dialysis group (P

mutants which didnt produce red pigmen ts on malt extract agar plate were obtained.The 8 stable mutants were cultured on solid medium.Two samples wer e yellow,the others were white.The extracted samples were scanned in visible len gth.2 yellow samples showed only one absorptive peak at 370nm,the 6 white sample s showed no absorptive peak.The mutants producing only yellow pigments on solid medium were tested in liquid culture.The results indicated their ability to pro duce only yellow pigments were stable.